real driving emissions · 2016. 5. 5. · public marco schöggl | in-vehicle measurement | 28 april...

Marco Schöggl

AVL List GmbH (Headquarters)

Public

REAL DRIVING EMISSIONS

Data Collection and Post Processing with

AVL M.O.V.E In-Vehicle Test System

Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 2Public

Solutions(A comprehensive approach to RDE)

LABSIMULATION ROAD

Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 3Public |

COMPLETE RDE TEST EQUIPMENT

AVL M.O.V.E iS System

GAS PEMS iS

PN PEMS iS

EFM iS

System Control

Concerto M.O.V.E Postprocessing

… done more than 10.000 RDE tests @ 100+ customers!

AVL M.O.V.E iSThe Industry Standard to Measure Real Driving Emissions (RDE)


RDE: REAL DRIVING EMISSIONS

Real Driving Emissions

• Emission testing under normal conditions of use in real world driving.• Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS)

• CO2, CO, NOx and PN• Exhaust flow rate, Speed and GPS data

RDE Test

• 90 to 120 min test time• 34% City (<60km/h) | 33% rural (60 ... 90km/h) | 33% Highway (>90km/h)• 145km/h max speed (extended range up to 160km/h for max. 3min)• Dynamic evaluation based on positive accelerations• Realistic vehicle load and AC operated as under normal driving• Cold start is measured, but not (yet) included in result calculation

Ambient conditions

• Temperature between 0°C to 30°C (extended range -7°C to 35°C)• Altitude up to 700m (extended range up to 1300m)• Humidity as it is, but no NOx humidity correction like in lab-tests

Limits and Result calculation

• Limits are based on the laboratory limits multiplied by the so called „Conformity Factor CF“.

• Evaluation with 2 Complex result calculation options: EMROAD (JRC) and CLEAR (TU-Graz) – future only one


34% V < 60 km/h

33% 60 ≤ V < 90 km/h

33% V > 90 km/h

RDE

MAIN CHALLENGE: TRIP REQUIREMENTS!

Driver dynamic

http://www.google.at/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=SWTwuPnZdkg3TM&tbnid=ee6v2gsMp0B7eM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy&ei=XT5_U-aTDoiPO-LZgcAM&psig=AFQjCNE6nEMRovUlO-qxOA6tG2dXjbC0ug&ust=1400934334164281

http://www.google.at/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=SWTwuPnZdkg3TM&tbnid=ee6v2gsMp0B7eM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy&ei=XT5_U-aTDoiPO-LZgcAM&psig=AFQjCNE6nEMRovUlO-qxOA6tG2dXjbC0ug&ust=1400934334164281


CENTRAL INTEGRATION PLATFORMAVL M.O.V.E SYSTEM CONTROL

Central Data acquisition & Display

Device integration and monitoring for:

GPS & Ambient

Emissions

Fuel Consumption

Indicating

OBD

Userguides Legislative Testing Procedure

Data Exchange with ECU Application System (CAN)

Online trip evaluation (City, Urban, Motorway)

Standard Interfaces LAN; USB; CAN

Extendable HW I/O with temperatures, counter, analouge inputs

CONTROL UNITSDEVICESGPS

AMBIENT


RDE DASHBOARD

AVL M.O.V.E SYSTEM CONTROL ONLINE TRIP EVALUATION


RDE DRIVERS AIDLIVE MONITOR


Reporting

RDE Report

Concerto M.O.V.E

Post Processing

Concerto M.O.V.E

SUCCESSFULLY RDE EVALUATIONREQUIRES ACCURATE TIME ALIGNMENT

CO, CO2, NO, NO2, O2

Particle Number, Dilution Rate, VPR CorFac

GAS PEMS iS

PN PEMS

Real Life Testing

GPS

T, p, %

ECU

OBD II

SYSTEM CONTROLAVL M.O.V.E EFM

Exhaust Mass Flow

Automatic Time Alignment FunctionBy Post Processing


CHALLENGE OF CORRELATIONRDE STARTS IN CD

PEMS

AVL PARTICLE COUNTER

D.A.M.S.

AVL i60 BAG CABINETAVL CVS i60 AVL i60 BAG CABINET AVL AMA i60AVL PSS i60

PND 1

Chassis DynoAMA + PSS + APC + CVS Automation RDE recommends correlation to reference laboratory systems

PEMS validation procedure:

• Validation test to be done before the on-road test.

• PEMS installation shall not be changed between validation- and

road tests.

• Validation test on a chassis dyno by running a WLTC drive cycle.

• It is recommended to feed the extracted exhaust back to the CVS.

If not, the CVS results shall be corrected for the extracted exhaust

mass.

• NOx humidity correction also applied to the PEMS NOx result for

validation.

• Take care on the type of chassis dyno vehicle restrain systems

Correlation requirements:

Correlation validation of the total distance-specific mass of pollutants

[g/km]

• CO2 +/- 10 mg/km or +/- 10% of lab. result, whichever is larger

• NOx +/- 15 mg/km or +/- 15% of lab. result, whichever is larger

• CO +/- 150 mg/km or +/- 15% of lab. result, whichever is larger

• THC +/- 15 mg/km or +/- 15% of lab. result, whichever is larger


AVL M.O.V.E IS SYSTEM VERIFICATION

AVL M.O.V.E iS

System

CVS

System

WLTC result for 4 cylinder Diesel engine vehicle

(*) real vehicle/brand is not shown

(*)

(*)

Heat

Exchanger

heated wall duct

Cooling Fan

Weather

station

Chassis dyno

Raw Gas

Sample Probe

Pre-FilterPre-Filter

with PR

AVL PARTICLE COUNTER

Tunnel FID lh

metallized

flex tube

Air

He

ate

r

Sile

nce

r

PND 1

VT

i fu

ll

flow

filt

er

flex tube

insulate

riser tube

insulate

1x

Pa

rtic

ula

te

Ba

ckg

rou

nd

Dirty

Bags

Clean

Bags

Ambient

Bags

GPU

IPC MSR

PDU

CO2 Tracer

CLD lc

CO2 low +

CO low

FID GC

(Tunnel) FID lh

AMA i60 D1

C/D LE (35°C)AMA i60 R2

i60 Bag Cabinet

C/D LE (35°C)

PSS i60

+ APC 489

4x Particulate

sampling

with EU/US

switch and

heated housing

heate

d A

PC

measu

rem

ent

max.

3,5

m

heate

d li

ne for

TH

C

measu

rem

ent m

ax.

5 m

4 lines bundle

Bag Clean Bag AmbientModal Clean

Bag Dirty Modal Dirty

3-core sample

line (35°C)

CVS i60 LE

(35°C)

ALTERNATIVE

iCAL GNU63 steps extern.

iCAL CFO

C-Rack

Test Cell Automation System

iGEM Vehicle (incl. PO)

GPU

IPC MSR

PDU

FID hhd

CO2 high + COhigh + O2

CLD hh

FID hh

CLD hhd

CO2 high + COhigh + O2

CO low

(Diesel)

CO2 EGR

(Option)

Cooler

N2O (prepared)

RM

U w

ith

3-s

tag

e a

ir filt

er

an

d h

ea

ter

3-stage air filter

and heater

Dil. Air

Measurement

System

Dilution tunnel VTi273

Drivers Aid

Blower

20/30m³

Air Heater

1x

Pa

rtic

ula

te

Ba

ckg

rou

nd

Sensy Flow

pip

ing

up

to 5

m

AVL AMA i60 AVL CVS i60AVL i60 BAG CABINET AVL i60 BAG CABINETAVL AMA i60 AVL PSS i60

Table not scope of supply

Chassis Dyno

Controler

vs

Pollutant AVL

M.O.V.E

iS

CVSDiff Diff. to

system

[%]

Diff. to

EU6 limit

[%]

RDE

correlation

limit[g/km] absolute

CO2 202,23 204,7 -2,47 -1,2 -1,2+/- 10g/km or

10%**

CO 0,08 0,073 0,007 10,2 1,4+/- 150mg/km

or 15%**

NOx 0,066 0,062 0,004 6,6 5+/- 15mg/km or

15%**

** of the laboratory reference, whichever is larger


AVL M.O.V.E GAS PEMS ISALTITUDE TESTING UP TO 3.000M

NOx result as function of altitude

~0 m

~1500 m

Independence of the measured values from

ambient conditions, shocks and vibrations, EMV, …

is a pre-requisite for a successful RDE test!


Ref: 05_RDE_ANNEX IIIA - part 1 TCMV 19 May 2015.pdf

TARGETING CF 1MINIMIZING DRIFT DURING AN RDE TEST

NOx: -1,76ppm drift over testLimit: <= 5ppm per test


HOW TO GET A VALID TEST?TRIP REQUIREMENTS…

AVL M.O.V.E EXHAUST FLOW METERRDE TESTING


AVL CONCERTO M.O.V.E LEGISLATIVE POST PROCESSING


AVL CONCERTO

M.O.V.E

Includes RDE(Emroad & Clear)



• US EPA HDIUT NTE

• EU ISC HD 582/2011 and 64/2012

• EU RDE LD (JRC and CLEAR)

• EU ISC NRMM DEV

• China NOx Regulation

• Whole test

PEMS Calculations

Legislative Reporting

• US HDIUT EPA (1Hz data file, xml file)

• (EU) No 582/2011 Annex II and (EC) No 64/2012



EASY DATA EVALUATION DUE TO VIDEO & MAP INTEGRATION

Video Integration

Google MapsIntegration

Videos/Concerto_PEMS_GoogleMaps_Video.avi

Videos/Concerto_PEMS_GoogleMaps_Video.avi

Result_Data/2012_03_28_EXT_UK/UK_Hotel_Millbrook_live.avi

Result_Data/2012_03_28_EXT_UK/UK_Hotel_Millbrook_live.avi


AVL CONCERTO MOVE POST-PROCESSING

Highway

Rural

City


RDE TEST PROCEDURE

Temperature

Moderate 0°C to 30°C / Extended (-7°C to 35°C)

Altitude

Moderate < 700 m / Extended < 1300m

Trip / Driver / DynamicsCity (34%) / Rural (33%) / Motorway (33%), up to 160 km/h, 90-120 min, min.

share of accelerations

Load

no „empty“ vehicle, <90% payload, heating or air condition on

GRAZGleisdorf

ROAD

Extended Emissions divided by Factor 1.6


TRIP REQUIREMENTS AND TEST COMPLETENESS AND NORMALITY

Trip Requirements Urban Rural Motorw ay Total Total Trip Requir ements pass/f ail

Velocity Thresholds km/ h [1-60[ [60-90[ [90- ... Tr ip Shares

ave V eloc ity GPS km/ h 35.7 71.8 104.3 60.2 Urban 34% +10% and >=29% pass

share <= 1km/h; minutes >= 100 km/h 8.8 % 13.7 min Rural 33% +-10% pass

Tr ip Share GPS Dis tance % 31.3 29.1 39.6 Motorw ay 33% +-10% pass

Dis tance GPS km 33.27 30.98 42.08 106.33 Minimum Dis tance

Duration mi n 56 26 24 106 Urban 16 km pass

Fuel Consumption l 2.190 1.927 2.366 6.483 Rural 16 km pass

Fuel Consumption Carbon Balance l **** **** **** **** Motorw ay 16 km pass

Fuel Economy l/km100 6.58 6.22 5.62 6.10 Total Tr ip Duration 90 -120 min pass

Fuel Economy Carbon Balance l/km100 **** **** **** ****

Urban Require ments

Verify Trip Completeness and Normality Average Velocity 15-30 km/h fail

Velocity Thresholds km/ h [0-45[ [45-80[ [80-145] < 1 km/h f or at leas t 10% urban time fail

# CO2 Window s - 1770 2545 1262 5577

% CO2 Window s % 31.7 45.6 22.6 Motorway Requirements

# CO2 Normal Window s - 1770 1264 1262 4296 5 Minutes >= 100 km/h pass

% CO2 Normal Window s % 100.0 49.7 100.0 77.0 Max imum V eloc ity >= 110 km/h pass

# CO2 Severe Window s - 0 480 0 480

% CO2 Severe Window s % 0.0 18.9 0.0 Test Completeness

Sever ity Index % -4.7 24.9 -2.0 6.1 Urban 15% Window s pass

Max . Veloc ity km/ h 135.0 Rural 15% Window s pass

Motorw ay 15% Window s pass

Test Norm ality

Urban 50% in Primary Tolerance pass

Rural 50% in Primary Tolerance fail

Motorw ay 50% in Pr imary Tolerance pass

Case: Demo_test ''

Start Date: 01/27/2015

Start Time: 12:44:50.0Page: RDE overview (1)

Version: Rel4_B130_BET A

Concerto M.O.V.E, 201 4

PEMS Current Case :

D:\AVL Concerto\V4.6 \tmp\Demo_test.pms_ c

PEMS Result Filename :

D:\AVL Concerto\MyData\TransportFiles\Demo_test.ct f

Vehicle: XXX / YYY

Engine: Demo Engine / Type

NOx Ambient Condition Co rr.: 8 - NONE

Dry / We t Corr.: 1 - ISO16183 [Default ]

Example overview – does not reflect latest legislation!


Trip Dynamics passed if pass /fail

a_max (max acceleration) m/s ² 2.01796 < 4.0 pass

a_min (max deceleration) m/s ² -3.18430 > -4.0 pass

a_res (min resolution positive acceleration) m/s ² 0.00000 < 0.01 pass

Urban Rural Motorw ay

Velocity Thresholds km/ h [0-60[ [60-90[ [90- ...

# acceleration points (a > 0.1 m/s ² ) - 1161 625 297 >= 150 pass

v (average velocity ) km/ h 35.7 71.8 104.3

a_pos95 (95th percentile va_pos (a > 0.1 m/s ²) ) m² /s ³ 12.14 14.31 12.50

RPA (avg positive acceleration, a > 0.1 m/s ² ) m/s ² 0.4537 0.3139 0.2255

va_pos threshold1 16.87 23.95 30.32

va_pos threshold2 24.29 26.70

RPA threshold 0.1184 0.0607 0.0087

Trip Valid ity va pos [95] (invalid if )

v <= 74.6 km/h and va pos [95] > va_pos threshold1 pass pass

v > 74.6 km/h and va pos [95] > va_pos threshold2 pass pass

Trip V alidity RPA (invalid if )

v <= 94.05 and RPA < RPA threshold pass pass pass

v > 94.05 and RPA < 0.025 pass

On-road Emis sion Measur ements NO NO2 CO CO2 passed if

% Meas V alues <= 90% Span Gas 0.9994 0.9995 0.9998 0.9892 >= 0.99

% Meas V alues >= 2 * Span Gas 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 <= 0.01

minutes pre tes t bef ore main tes t 8.0 <= 60

minutes post tes t after main tes t 20.1 <= 60

Case: Demo_test ''

Start Date: 01/27/2015

Start Time: 12:44:50.0Page: RDE overview (2)

Version: Rel4_B130_BET A

Concerto M.O.V.E, 201 4

PEMS Current Case :

D:\AVL Concerto\V4.6 \tmp\Demo_test.pms_ c

PEMS Result Filename :

D:\AVL Concerto\MyData\TransportFiles\Demo_test.ct f

Vehicle: XXX / YYY

Engine: Demo Engine / Type

NOx Ambient Condition Co rr.: 8 - NONE

Dry / We t Corr.: 1 - ISO16183 [Default ]

TRIP REQUIREMENTS AND TEST COMPLETENESS AND NORMALITY

Example overview – does not reflect latest legislation!


AVL CONCERTO M.O.V.E POST PROCESSING


0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20NOx Emissions [g/km]

CF=2.1

EU6 Limit

AVL RDE BENCHMARK: MODERATE WARMSORTED TO NOX EMISSIONS

Presentation only – no handover

CF=5

CF=10


CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY

Chassis DynoHardware in the Loop

Being „RDE Ready“ is truly a Challenge

Change of environment is the key challenging factor

RDE is influencing all development areas

Unified RDE post processing is key for fast RDE calibration

Early start of RDE evaluation is vital to define right after treatment strategies for the future

real driving emissions · 2016. 5. 5. · public marco schöggl | in-vehicle measurement | 28 april...

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