TENSES

PRESENT TENSES1.To express what is actually happening at the present moment.

e.g. The teacher is teaching.The student are learning.

2.To express custom or habite.g. I take tea morning.

I exercise everyday.3.To express what is always and necessarily true[ universal truth].

e.g. The sun rises in the East.Honesty is the best policy.

4. To describe an event of the past.e.g. Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan.

5. To express a future action.e.g. The school closes next week for Autumn Break.

SENTENCE FORMATION(1)Present Indefinite Tenses (Simple Present Tenses) Affirmative Sentences: Subject(Singular Third

person)+V1s/es+Object Subject(Plural I and II

Person)+V1s/es+Object Negative Sentences: Subject(S)+does not + V1+ Object Subject(P)+do not +V1 + Object

Interrogative sentences: Do/Does+ Subject+V1+ ObjectPresent Indefinite Tense or Simple Present Tense is formed by using

the first form of the verb in the case of sentence which are of affirmative nature.

e.g. I exercise everyday. Ashish drink milk everyday.

(3)PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES Subject + has/have + V3 + object

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Subject + is/am/are + Not + V3 + object

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCESHas/Have + Subject + V3 + object ?

(4) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSEAffirmative Sentences: Subject +has/have been + V1ing+ since/for + timeNegative Sentences: Subject + has/have + not + been + V1ing + since/for + timeInterrogative Sentences: Has/have + subject + been + V1ing + since/for + timeThe Present Perfect Continuous shows that the action that began in the past is continuous up to the present time. E.G.I have been ill for seven days.He has been reading since night.

PAST TENSEThe Past Indefinite Tense or Simple Past Tense is used :(1)To express a single act in the past. e.g. Einstein discovered the bulb. Gavaskar scored a century.(2)To express a habit in the past. e.g. She read ‘Amritvani’ everyday. We used to go for movie every Sunday.(3)To express an action going on in the past. e.g. I danced to the tune which he sang.

SENTENCE FORMATION :Subject + V2 + object.Subject + did not + V1 + object.The Past Continuous Tense is used to express an action that was going on at some point in the past. E.G.I was watching T.V. when he called on me.The boy were fighting while the teacher was busy in the correction work.

SENTENCE FORMATIONSubject + was/ware + V1ing + objectThe PAST PERFECT TENSE expresses an action which had been completed before another action was begun. E.G. I had done my work when my father came from office.He had written to his friend before he went to school.

Sentence formationSubject + had + V3 + object. Subject + had + NOT + V3 +objectThe PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE shows that an action had continued for a certain time prior to the point of time mentioned.It combines the meaning of a continuous Tense and a Prefect Tense. E.G.I had been waiting for tow hours when you came.

Future tenseThe Future Indefinite Tense is formed by putting ‘shall’ or ‘will’ the first Form of the verb.Affirmative Sentences: Subject + will/shall + 1st form of the verb.This is true of Affirmative Sentences but we put ‘not’ between shall/will and the verb in Negative Sentences : Subject + will/shall + not + V1 + objectInterrogative Sentences : Will/shall + object + V1 E.G.Will you help me in kitchen work?

Future Continuous TenseThe Future Continuous Tense is used to express an action that will be continuing at some point in future time.Subject +will/shall + V1ingSubject + will/shall not + be + V1ing + objectWill/shall + subject + be + V1ing? E.G.I shall be leaving for Delhi.The girl will be saying the prayer then.

Future perfect tenseThe verb expressing the previous future action is put into future perfect tense while the verb expressing the subsequent action is put into the present tense. E.G I shall have done my before the school begins.He will have heard this news already.Sentence Formation:Subject + shall have/will have + v3 + objectSubject + shall/will + have not + v3 + objectShall/will + subject + have + v3 + object?

Future perfect continuous tenseThe FUTURE PERFEECT CONTINUOUS TENSE shows an action that will have been going on at, or before, some point of time in the future ; as E.GWe will have been living there for two months by then.SENTENCE FORMATION:Subject + shall/will + have been + v1ing + objectSubject + shall/will + not + have been + v1ing + objectShall/will + subject + have been+ v1ing + object?