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PLANNING,ANALYSIS,DESIGNING & ESTIMATION OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGBhusale AmarKhaire SagarMhatre HardikTamboli ShekharPresented By :Guided by Prof D.M.JOSHI

What is a high-rise building?

A building whose height creates differentconditions in the design, construction, and usethan those that exist in common buildings of acertain region and period.Definitions :Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed and every part thereof whether used as human habitation or not and includes foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building services, fixed platforms, verandah, balcony, cornice or projection, part of a building or anything affixed thereto or any wall enclosing or intended to enclose any land or space and signs and outdoor display structure whose architectural height is between 35 & 100 meters is known as a High Rise Building. Emporis Standards defines ahigh-riseas "A multi-story structure between 35100 meters tall, or abuildingof unknown height from 1239 floors."According to the building code of Hyderabad, India, a high-rise building is one with four floors or more, or one 15 meters or more in height.

High Rise Buildings Making Mumbai AestheticSlums Creating Havoc in the City

A 60 Storey Wool Worth Building(New york) built in the year 1913.The Empire State building(New york),a 102 Storey was found to be the tallest building in the year 1931.

The original World Trade Center featured landmark twin towers, which opened on April 4, 1973, and were destroyed in the September 11 attacks of 2001, along with 7 World Trade CenterThe World Trade Center is a complex of buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States, replacing an earlier complex of seven buildings with the same name on the same site

Asia witnessed its first tallest building in the year 1975 in the form of Shinjuku Mitsui Building in Tokyo,which was 224 m tall.Taipei 101 , formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a landmark skyscraper located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building ranked officially as the world's tallest from 2004 until the opening of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010.

Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa Tower), known as Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is the tallest man-made structure in the world, at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).The Burj Khalifa uses the bundled tube designProportionally, the design uses half the amount of steel used in the construction of the Empire State Building thanks to the tubular system.It comprises of 163 floors plus 46 maintenance levels in the spire and 2 parking levels in the basement.Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009 & was opened on January 4, 2010 .In 2010, Imperial Tower 1 & 2 constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd, at Tardeo was opened for residents which have a height of 254 m each & is the tallest Building in Mumbai till date.

World One is expected to be the tallest building in India having a height of 442 m & 117 floors to be completed in year 2015.Planning Aspects of High Rise Buildings :Area Shall not be less than 1000 sq.m

Setbacks of 12 m on either sides of High Rise Buildings shall be provided.

Parking floor height shall not be more than 4.2 m.

Minimum 2 Nos. of staircases shall be proposed for High Rise Buildings.

The first refuge floor to be at 24 m and thereafter the refuge floor shall be provided at interval of 15 m.

If building height is more than 70 m., break tank of 30,000 Liters (Thirty Thousand Liters) minimum capacity shall be provided.

Projections beyond the building line in the form of flowerbed, niche, deck etc including the balcony, terrace shall not exceed 1.2 m.

Foundation for High Rise Buildings :

Shallow FoundationDeep Foundation

Shallow Foundations :A shallow foundation is a type of foundation which transfers building loads to the earth very near the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation. Types of Shallow Foundation are as :

Deep foundations: The foundations constructed below ground level with some arrangements such as piles, wells, etc. at their base are called deep foundations.These are further classified as :

Types of Shallow FoundationsPile Foundation TypesAnalysis & Design of High Rise Buildings : High Rise Buildings generally have following type of structural loads & thus analysis of the same is an important aspect determining the designing parameters of the Buildings.

Gravity loads Dead loads Live loads Snow loads Lateral loads Wind loads Seismic loads Special load cases Impact loads Blast loads

Snow LoadDead & Live LoadWindLoadEarth Quake Load

Dead LoadLive LoadWind LoadEarthQuake LoadMaterials Used in High Rise Buildings :

Reinforced Concrete

Light Weight Concrete Brickwork

Glass being used as Walling in Kohinoor Square,Dadar

Steel used for reinforcement

Plastic used as pipe material for waste and rainwater

Mineral Wool used as Insulating MaterialEstimation of High Rise BuildingApproximate Method :This is the approximate method where in the Plinth Area or Built Area is beng calculated by any appropriate method & then is multiplied with Per Unit Rate of Constuction of any Previously constructed Building.Adding Water Charges,Establishment Charges,Electrical Charges,Other Overhead Expenses & Contractors Profits gives the Total Net Approximated Cost of the Project.Detailed Estimation:This method includes determination of Quantity required for the Building & then calculating the cost of Construction by the knowing the per unit rate of the acquired Quantities.Also the Labour required for the Project is determined & thus rate of labours can also be figured out.To this Sum,extra charges for Water,Electricity,Over head Expenses,Contractors Profit etc are added to find the Total Net Estimated Cost of the Project.Standards for High Rise Buildings:

High Rise Buildings need to meet certain standards for its approval & Sustainability. Also the safety features & basic amenities need to be fulfilled by these Buildings for their existence.Design standards:There are many building design standards that must be taken into consideration when design high rise buildings, and they are as follows:Location & surrounding building planning .Projects scale and the general view.Keeping an open city view.Environment (handling wind issues shadows other environmental issues).Transportation & car parking.On the level of ground floor policies.Infrastructure, energy efficiency & sustainable development.Management & operation.Safety and security and building standards.

Principles & design standards related to use construction systems are as :

The building must achieve all building laws related to internal spacing.The Building must apply modern technological systems.It must constructed using suitable structure systems.The building should have a distinctive.Application of all civil defense requirements related to safety and fire fighting.Provision of all services (car parking ,fire fighting water tanks ,water supply tanks, etc).Fire escape stairs should consist of 2 flights each flight must not be less than 90 cm wide.Fire escape staircase must connect to outside of the building.Ease of access of all floors to civil defense units.The building must be constructed out of fire resistant materials (or materials with a high rate of fire resistance).The main stair case flight must not be less than 135 cm wide.The main staircase & elevators should be present in every main core of the building.Provision of sufficient parking slots to the number of the building users.Basement floors with all the suitable systems to the required use.

Eco-friendly high rise buildings design standards: Environmental standards must be applied when designing high rise buildings. As most of the countries nowadays seek to achieve sustainable buildings to maintain the efficiency of the building through applying the following:Use of renewable energies.Use of eco-friendly construction materials.Water rationalization inside the high rise building.Air Quality inside the high rise building.Proper lighting inside of the building.Color selection philosophy.Acoustic design.Building security issues and its design.Environmentally compatible architectural style.

25Data Collection :Site Layout plan. Building Plan. Soil related data of the Site. Seismic Viability of the Site. Wind data of that Zone.

Methods Of Designing :

Shear Wall SystemShear Wall Walls used in building construction that aid in transferring lateral loads from the roof system or walls down to the foundation. Resists lateral deformation by joint rotation Requires high bending stiffness of columns and beams Rigid joints are essential for stability Not effective for heights over 30 stories

Braced Frame System :A Braced Frame is a structural system which is designed primarily to resist wind and earthquake forces. Members in a braced frame are designed to work in tension and compression, similar to a truss. Braced frames are almost always composed of steel members. Lateral forces are resisted by axial actions of bracing and columns Steel bracing members or filled-in bays More efficient than a rigid frame31

Core Structure System : Lateral and gravity loads supported by central core Eliminates columns and bracing elements Core is inefficient because it is not deep in respect to bending Moment supported floors are inefficientTubular System: Majority of structural elements around the perimeter Sides normal to lateral load resist bending Sides parallel to lateral load resist shear Minimize number of interior columns Closely spaced exterior columns.

Hybrid Systems Combine advantages of different structural and material systems Composite material system Concrete super columns Steel encased concrete columns Composite floor system Steel truss and outrigger systems High strength concrete super columns reduce deflections and weight Steel encased HS concrete combines Easy erectability of steel, Axial load capacity of HS concrete, Efficient confinement and reinforcement.Exposed steel column encased in concrete for fire protection.

Steel encased concrete 33