Streaming Video

Alan BarkerAlan Barker

Antony VoznesenskyAntony Voznesensky

Chris HarrisChris Harris

by

What is Streaming?

Real-time transmission of video + audio Real-time transmission of video + audio signals over the Internetsignals over the Internet

CNN sample streamCNN sample stream

Benefits of Streaming

CompaniesCompanies ConsumersConsumers AcademicsAcademics

Consumers

HDTVHDTV Digital CinemaDigital Cinema Video on demandVideo on demand

The American Past Time:

Television

Digital TV

“As the 500 channel universe becomes a reality, broadcasters are looking for ways to ensure viewer retention and enable new viewer acquisition. Digital television allows them to accomplish this by not only delivering better video and audio quality to their viewers, but by also allowing them to differentiate their service offerings through combining interactive television applications with traditional television programming content.”

What is Digital TV?The digital reception of a program on a

television monitor.

Advantages of Digital TV

Greater Picture Quality from digital signal -Greater Picture Quality from digital signal -HDTVHDTV

Watch any program at any time, without Watch any program at any time, without interruptions. TIVOinterruptions. TIVO

Interactive TV--Internet Capabilities, E-Interactive TV--Internet Capabilities, E-Commerce opportunities from your TV Commerce opportunities from your TV Ultimate TV.Ultimate TV.

Interactive TV 2.2 million households 2.2 million households

are projected to have the are projected to have the interactive TV serviceinteractive TV service by the end of the year by the end of the year [Forrester Research][Forrester Research]

Nearly Nearly one-quarter of one-quarter of all U.S. householdsall U.S. households will will be using Interactive be using Interactive Television by 2004 Television by 2004 [Forrester Research][Forrester Research]

Interactive television Interactive television advertising revenuesadvertising revenues are expected to reach are expected to reach $11 billion in the U.S. by $11 billion in the U.S. by 2004 2004 [Forrester [Forrester Research]Research]

Interactive television Interactive television advertising revenuesadvertising revenues are expected to reach are expected to reach $11 billion in the U.S. by $11 billion in the U.S. by 2004 2004 [Forrester [Forrester Research]Research]

Three-quarters of all Three-quarters of all television commercialstelevision commercials will be interactive within will be interactive within five years five years [Forrester [Forrester Research]Research]

Interactive TVInteractive TV

Things inhibiting us from having Full Digital Television with all its wonderful capabilities.

Failure to yet develop “the magic box”Failure to yet develop “the magic box” Companies must combine Technologies to Companies must combine Technologies to

get to this Levelget to this Level AOL time WarnerAOL time Warner Microsoft – Ultimate TVMicrosoft – Ultimate TV PlaystationPlaystation

2006, all Analog Signals in the United States are to be cut off entirely.

By this time all Americans must have a Digital Television, or a digital converter box, otherwise America’s favorite past time, TV, will come to an end.

May 2002, all television stations are supposed to be able to transmit digital quality.

Regulations of Digital TV

TV stations are not willing to go to digital because, consumers do not have capabilities to receive digital transmissions.

Consumers, are not willing to purchase costly digital setups because there is not enough use for them.

Chicken and the Egg.

With the Laissez faire economics this conversion will probably not take place as quickly as government would like.

Future Limitations

Companies

Video conferencingVideo conferencing Content delivery – cheaper, faster, more Content delivery – cheaper, faster, more

effectiveeffective B2BB2B

The Digital Pocket PC

Price $169.99

• take pictures on your handheld

• fits in your memory card slot•

for hp jornada 520, 525, 547, 548

Benefits and Limitations

Able to play movies Able to play movies Able to play Able to play

video e-mailvideo e-mail Able to take digital Able to take digital

picturespictures

Unable to record Unable to record digital videosdigital videos

Academics

Video on demandVideo on demand Distance learningDistance learning PrerecordedPrerecorded

Prerequisites

Network decongestionNetwork decongestion 24/7 availability and reliability24/7 availability and reliability VHS or higher qualityVHS or higher quality

Network Decongestion

WAN WAN BackboneBackbone

Metro Metro (MAN)(MAN)

Local LoopLocal Loop

DWDM for WANs

Backbone technologyBackbone technology 400 Gb/s vs. 20 Gb/s non-DWDM400 Gb/s vs. 20 Gb/s non-DWDM Multiple channelsMultiple channels

1,400 nm spectrum or band1,400 nm spectrum or band SwitchingSwitching

MANs

DWDMDWDM Cisco ONS 15454 & 15327 optical transport Cisco ONS 15454 & 15327 optical transport

platformsplatforms Free Space PhotonicsFree Space Photonics

Up to 5km radiusUp to 5km radius Capable of 2.488 Gbps transfer rateCapable of 2.488 Gbps transfer rate Extremely secureExtremely secure Very small and easily installedVery small and easily installed

Local Loop

CableCable 2 Mbps2 Mbps SharedShared

xDSLxDSL SDSL (2 Mbps)SDSL (2 Mbps) ADSL (7Mpps/1.5Mbps)ADSL (7Mpps/1.5Mbps) RADSL (rate adaptive)RADSL (rate adaptive) VDSL (55 Mbps)VDSL (55 Mbps)

SatelliteSatellite Limited bandwidthLimited bandwidth

10 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)(10GbE) Scheduled for 2002Scheduled for 2002 DWDM compatibleDWDM compatible Consistent with Consistent with

LANsLANs Reduced packet Reduced packet

size – throughputsize – throughput

DSL Deployment Growing

Source: Converge! Network Digest Source: Converge! Network Digest (http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/numbers/totalDSL.htm)(http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/numbers/totalDSL.htm)

DSL vs. Cable

Source: Converge! Network Digest Source: Converge! Network Digest (http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/LastMileDSLNumbers.htm)(http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/LastMileDSLNumbers.htm)

Reliability/Availability

Source: Digital Island (Source: Digital Island (http://www.http://www.digitalislanddigitalisland.net/services/streaming..net/services/streaming.shtmlshtml))

•Global reach

•99.9% uptime guarantee

•Quality of service

•Redundancy

•Professional staff

Quality of the Streams

Uncompressed video = 240MbpsUncompressed video = 240Mbps MPEG:MPEG:

The most popular codec for streaming appsThe most popular codec for streaming apps Free open end standardFree open end standard Generally “better-quality video than competing Generally “better-quality video than competing

formats” (Webopedia, MPEG).formats” (Webopedia, MPEG). Developed by the Moving Pictures Experts Developed by the Moving Pictures Experts

Group, an ISO subcommitteeGroup, an ISO subcommittee

MPEG-1

First to come out - 1992.First to come out - 1992. 352 x 240 = standard TV, VHS quality352 x 240 = standard TV, VHS quality 1-3 Mbps – DSL, cable, T11-3 Mbps – DSL, cable, T1 Prevalent in corporate LANsPrevalent in corporate LANs

MPEG-2

DVD, set-top boxes, HDTVDVD, set-top boxes, HDTV up to 100Mbsup to 100Mbs 720 x 480 full-screen resolution720 x 480 full-screen resolution Bitstream scalabilityBitstream scalability Studios and cable companiesStudios and cable companies

MPEG-4 Better compression rates Better compression rates

than MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 than MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 at the same bit ratesat the same bit rates

Totally scalableTotally scalable Increased fault toleranceIncreased fault tolerance Multiple layersMultiple layers Interactive contentInteractive content Enormous flexibilityEnormous flexibility

5-384kbps5-384kbps for slow for slow LANs and wirelessLANs and wireless

< 2Mbps for film and < 2Mbps for film and TVTV

Up to 38Mbps for Up to 38Mbps for broadcast servicesbroadcast services

MPEG-4: What’s possible

Source: Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard @http://www.cselt.it/mpeg/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4.htm

Conclusion: The Future of Streaming Video

Cuts cost, shortens the distribution channel, Cuts cost, shortens the distribution channel, and brings greater flexibility to rich media.and brings greater flexibility to rich media.

Available now but will grow in popularity Available now but will grow in popularity with improvements in network, TV, and with improvements in network, TV, and mobile technologymobile technology

Benefits business, consumers, and Benefits business, consumers, and academicsacademics