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PushandPull

Grade:KindergartenCategory:PhysicalScienceNGSS:K-ForcesandInteractions:PushandPull(K-PS2-1,K-PS2-2)Description:Inthislesson,thestudentswilllearnthatpushingorpullinganobjectcanmovetheobject.Pushinganobjectmovetheobjectawayfromuswhilepullinganobject,bringtheobjectclosertous.Theywillalsolearnthatpushingandpullingcanchangethespeedofanobjectandcanstartorstopit.Abiggerpushorpullmakesthingsspeeduporslowdown.Learningobjectives:

• Understandthatanobjectmoveswhenwepushitorpullit.• Understandwhysomeobjectsareeasytomovewhilesome

objectsaredifficulttomove.• Understandthatpushactionmovesthingsawayfromus

whileapullactionbringsthingsclosertous.• Understandthattomoveheavyobjects,wehavetouse

moreforce.Keywords:push,pull,force,energy,speed,faster,slower,toward,awayfrom

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Engage(E1)

Purpose:Toassessstudents'priorknowledgeofhowanobjectcanbemoved.

Backgroundinformationforteachers:

Everyday,wepushandwepull.Pushandpullcanmovethings.Sometimeswepushthings,movingobjectsfurtherawayfromus.Othertimes,wepull,bringingobjectsclosertous.Pushingandpullingarebothexamplesofforce.Whenwepushorpullsomething,weareapplyingforcetoitsoitwillmove.

ClassroomQ&AAsktwostudentstostandupinfrontofclass.Drawalinebetweenthemandgive

themaropetoplaytugofwar.Explainthattheyneedtopulltheropeuntiltheotherstudentcrosstheline.Thepersonwhocrossesthelinefirst,losesthegame.Askthesequestions:

• Whatarethestudentsdoing?Theyarepullingtherope.• Whatmusttheydotowinthegame?Theteamthatpullsharderwillwin.• Nowasktwomorestudentstojoinoneside.Whichteamwillwin?Why?Theteam

withmorepeoplewillwinbecausetheyusemoreforce.

DigitalActivityLogintoKoantumandfindthe"PushandPull"lesson.Openthefollowingpageandhavethestudentsdescribewhateachkidisdoing.Askthesequestions:

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• Thisgirlisflyingakite.Tokeepthekiteintheair,shouldshepushthestringorpullthestring?Sheneedstopullthestringtokeepthekiteintheair.

• Thisboyiskickingaball.Iskickingapushactionorapullaction?Whenyoukickaballyouarepushingitwithyourlegsoitmovesawayfromyou.Ifhekickstheballharder,itwillmovefasteranditwillmovefurtheraway.

• Thisboyhassteppedoutside,butbeforehecanplay,hemustshutthedoor.Doyouthinkheshouldpushthedoororpullthedoortocloseit?Hepullsthedoorshut.

• Thisboyisdoneplaying.Hewantstogoinside.Howwillheopenthedoor?Shouldhepushthedoororpullthedoor?Hemustpushthedoortoopenit.

• Thisgirlistryingtomoveaheavybasket.Doessheappeartobepushingorpullingthebasket?Sheispullingtheheavybasket.

Explore(E2)

Purpose:Toexploremoreaboutpushandpull.

Backgroundinformationforteachers:

Inthislesson,thestudentsonlylearnabouttheforcesthatareindirectcontactwithobjects.Thereareforcesthatarenotindirectcontactwithobjects,suchasmagneticandgravitationalforces.

Gravityisaforcethatpullsustowardtheground.Thisiswhywhenwethrowsomethingintheair;itwillcomebackdownagain.Withoutgravity,everyoneandeverythingwouldbefloatingaround.

VideoGravity|Dr.BinocsShow,LearnSeriesForKids

https://youtu.be/suQDwZcnJdg

PrintableActivityHavestudentscompletetheprintableactivity"PushorPull?1"bydrawingalinefromeachpicturetothecorrectaction.

Answerkey:

- TheyareallPUSHactions.

PrintableActivityHavestudentscompletetheprintableactivity"PushorPull?2"bydrawingalinefromeachpicturetothecorrectaction.

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Answerkey:

- TheyareallPULLactions.

PrintableActivityHavestudentscompletetheprintableactivity"PushActions"bycirclingthepushactions.

Answerkey:

- Pushingabutton- Pushtheswing- Throwaballisapushaction- Pushaheavybox- Writingisapushaction

PrintableActivityHavestudentscompletetheprintableactivity"PullActions"bycirclingthepullactions.

Answerkey:

- Dadpullingthewagonuphill.- Pullingtheglove- Pullingabookfrombookcase- Pullingarope- Pullingsock- Pullingafishoutofwater

DigitalActivityLogintoKoantumandfindthe"PushandPull"lesson.Openthefollowingpageandhavethestudentscompletetheactivity.

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Answers:

- Dadpullingthewagonuphill. - Pushingabutton- Pullingtheglove - Pushingtheswing- Pullingabookfrombookcase - Throwaballisapushaction- Pullingarope - Pushingaheavybox- Pullingsock - Writingisapushaction- Pullingafishoutofwater - Kidpushinganotherkid- Birdpullingastick - Dadpushingawagonuphill

PrintableActivityHavestudentscompletetheprintableactivity"Pushvs.Pull"bycirclingthepicturethatdoesnotmatchtheaction.

Answerkey:

Row1:Dadpullingthewagonuphillisnotapushaction.

Row2:Squeezingaballisapushactionnotapullaction.

Row3:PullingawagonisnotaPushaction.

Row4:Pressingabuttonisapushaction.

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ClassroomActivityMakeaPaperSpring

Materialsneeded:

• Stripsofcoloredpaperofequalsize(suchas8.5"x1"),atleast2perstudent• Glue

Havethestudentsformarightanglewiththetwostripsofpapersothattheendsoverlap;gluethestripstogether.Foldthelowerstripovertheoneontop,andrepeatthisstepuntilbothstripsformasquare(bothstripsshouldbezigzaggedacrosseachother).Gluethetopflap.

Explaintostudentsthatspringsaresomethingthatbothpushandpull.Havethemtrytocompresstheirpaperspringtoseeitpushback.Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenyouletgoifyoupullthespringfrombothsides?Isitmorefuntopushthespringdownorpullthespringandstretchit?

Explain(E3)

DigitalActivityLogintoKoantumandfindthe"PushandPull"lesson.Openthefollowingpageandgoovertheslidestomakesuretheyunderstandthesubject.

1. Wepushandpullthingseachandeveryday.Forexample,wepullthedoortocloseit

butwepushthedoortoopenit.Inbothexamplesweareusingforcebecauseweare

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changingthelocationofthedoor.

2. Apushactionmovesthingsawayfromuswhileapullactionbringsthingsclosertous.

3. Forceisafancywordforpushingandpulling.Whenwepushorpullsomething,weareapplyingforcetoit.Weuseforcetomoveobjectsandtomakethemstop,slowdown,andgofaster.Wealsouseforcetochangetheshapeofanobject—likewhenwesqueezeasquishyballorplaywithclay.

4. Tomoveheavyobjects,wehavetousemoreforce.Whichoneofthesetwokidsshouldusemoreforcetomovethebox?That'sright!Theboyneedstousemoreforcebecauseitisheavier.Lightthingsareeasytomove.Heavythingsaredifficulttomove.

Elaborate(E4)

Purpose:Toapplypushandpulltomovethings.

DigitalActivityLogintoKoantumandfindthe"PushandPull"lesson.Openthefollowingpageandselectthebuttonsatthetoptoswitchbetweenthescreensandaskthesequestions.

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1. Thosechildrenareonaride.Inordertomovethecart,doweneedtopushthecartorpullthecart?Thiscartneedsapush.

2. Whatwillhappentothecartwhenitpassesthroughthewater?Doesitgetfasterorslowdown?Thewaterslowstheridedown.

3. Whatwillhappentothecartwhenitgoesuphill?Doesitgetfasterorslowdown?Itslowsdown.

4. Whatwillhappentothecartwhenitgoesdownhill?Doesitgetfasterorslowdown?Itgetsfaster.

ClassroomActivityPushingandPulling

Materialsneeded:

• Scooterboards(alternatives:cardboardboxes,plasticrecyclingbins)• Openspace(gym)

Havethestudentschooseapartner;haveonestudentpushtheotheronthescooterboardfromonesideoftheroomtotheother.Then,havethesamestudentpulltheirpartnerback.Havethemswitchplacesandrepeat.

Havebothstudentssitonthescooterboards,facingeachother;havethemputtheirhandsagainsteachother.Havethemtrypushingawayfromeachothergentlytoseehowfartheygetfromeachother.Then,tryagain,havingthempushagainsteachotherashardastheycan.Explainthatfrictionworksagainstmovement,whichiswhysomethingsaremoredifficulttopushandpull.

Askifrollingthescooteroncarpetwouldbeeasierthanthegymfloor(no,carpetwouldcausemorefrictionandmakeithardertopushorpull.)Alternatively,ifyouareusingcardboardboxesorplasticbins,askifhavingwheelswouldmakeiteasierormoredifficulttopushorpull(itwouldbeeasier,becausethereislessfriction).Ifthereweremorefriction,doyouthinkthatpushingawayfromeachotherwouldbeeasierormoredifficult?

VideoSwings,Slides,andScience|SciShowKids

https://youtu.be/JvSClZ3vHOI

FunFacts• Therearesomeforcesthatpushandpullwithouttouching,suchasmagnetism—

whentwomagnetsareattractedtoorpushawayfromeachother.• Gravityisdifferentoneveryplanet.Didyouknowthatgravityonthemoonisonly1/6th

ofEarth'sgravity?Thatmeansyoucanjump6timeshigher!

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Evaluate(E5)

Purpose:Toassessstudents'understandingofthelesson.

1-Kickingaballisanexampleofa____________.a) pullb) pushc) stretchd) speed

2-Pickingupaballisanexampleofa_____________.

a) pushb) stretchc) collisiond) pull

3-Aballispushedtothetopofahill.Whenitrollsdown,itwill____________.

a) gofasterb) goslowerc) stopd) stayatthesamespeed

4-WhenI_________,Imoveitawayfromme.

a) kickaballb) pullthestringofakitec) pullaweed d) pulloutachair

5-WhenI_________,Imoveitclosertome.

a) pushabox b) pushabicyclec) pushabutton d) pullatoywagon

6-ApushorpullCANNOTchangeanobject's_____________.

a) weightb) directionc) shaped) speed

7-Squeezingarubberballbetweenthepalmsofyourhandsisanexampleof_____________.

a) stretch

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b) pull c) speed d) push

8-Aforceisanyactionthatchangesthe_____________ofanobject.

a) weightb) speedc) shaped) location,speed,orshape

9-Whenanobjectistooheavy,youneedtousemore_________tomoveit.

a) weightb) speed c) forced) tools

10-Gravityisanaturalforcebecauseitmakesobjects_____________eachother.

a) pulltowardb) pushawayfromc) spintowardd) spinawayfrom