Puritanism Puritanism and and

New EnglandNew England

Martin Luther & John CalvinMartin Luther & John Calvin

Calvinism Key PointsCalvinism Key Points

• God is all good and knowingGod is all good and knowing

• Man is depravedMan is depraved

• Predestination => ‘Elect’ will be savedPredestination => ‘Elect’ will be saved

• Find signs of ‘conversion’Find signs of ‘conversion’

• After Conversion => ‘Visible Saint’After Conversion => ‘Visible Saint’

• In Eng. 2 CampsIn Eng. 2 Camps– Separatists and Non-SeparatistsSeparatists and Non-Separatists

• Pilgrims and PuritansPilgrims and Puritans

Pilgrims Landing 1620

• Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

Puritans “Going to Church”Puritans “Going to Church”

John Winthrop “City on a Hill”

John Cotton Increase Mather

CottonMather

Son in LawGrandson

Increase Mather &Puritan LifeIncrease Mather &Puritan Life

• Excerpt on Dancing

Puritan Laws for the YoungPuritan Laws for the Young

• Never speak to thy parents without some Never speak to thy parents without some title of respect such as Sir or Madamtitle of respect such as Sir or Madam

• Always bow when approaching parentsAlways bow when approaching parents

• Grumble not nor be discontented with thy Grumble not nor be discontented with thy parentsparents

• Obey thy parents’ commandObey thy parents’ command

• Go not out of doors without thy parents Go not out of doors without thy parents leave, and return within the time leave, and return within the time

Punishment for the YoungPunishment for the Young

• If a child of 16 or older is rebellious and stubborn and If a child of 16 or older is rebellious and stubborn and lives in evil ways…his parents may bring him to trial lives in evil ways…his parents may bring him to trial and he shall be put to deathand he shall be put to death

• Any person over 14 who tells lies which hurt the public Any person over 14 who tells lies which hurt the public shall be fined…or will be put in the stocks for 3 hours…shall be fined…or will be put in the stocks for 3 hours…If he lies again…he shall be whippedIf he lies again…he shall be whipped

• No person under 21 shall take any tobacco unless he No person under 21 shall take any tobacco unless he has a doctor’s certificate that it is helpful to himhas a doctor’s certificate that it is helpful to him

• Delinquent children will be put in a house of correctionDelinquent children will be put in a house of correction• DrunkennessDrunkenness = fine or whipping = fine or whipping• Lewd or Wanton behaviorLewd or Wanton behavior = whipping, stocks, burning = whipping, stocks, burning

of flesh or banishment of flesh or banishment • Fornication Fornication = stocks or whipping= stocks or whipping • MurderMurder = death = death

Puritan PunishmentPuritan Punishment

• Socks and PilloriesSocks and Pillories

• Why the extreme laws Why the extreme laws and punishments?and punishments?

Salem Witch Salem Witch TrialTrial

• QuestionQuestion::– Why was there Why was there

such hysteria in such hysteria in Salem in 1692?Salem in 1692?

The June 10, 1692 hanging of The June 10, 1692 hanging of Bridget BishopBridget Bishop

Trial of an accused witch in SalemTrial of an accused witch in Salem.

Thesis StatementsThesis Statements• The Salem Witch trials were a result of the The Salem Witch trials were a result of the

growing political, economic, and social growing political, economic, and social divisionsdivisions present in Puritan Mass. in the late 1600’s.present in Puritan Mass. in the late 1600’s.

• The Salem Witch Trials arose from a The Salem Witch Trials arose from a power power strugglestruggle between traditional Puritan farmers of between traditional Puritan farmers of backcountry Salem and the secular driven backcountry Salem and the secular driven merchants of coastal Mass.merchants of coastal Mass.

• The Salem Witch Trials were the The Salem Witch Trials were the result of result of social oppression, economic competition and social oppression, economic competition and political strifepolitical strife present in Puritan Mass in the late 17 present in Puritan Mass in the late 17 thth century.century.

Sample Grabber Sample Grabber and Thesisand Thesis

• The accusations and executions in The accusations and executions in Salem, 1692, are not adequately explained as Salem, 1692, are not adequately explained as merely a reflection of Puritan religious merely a reflection of Puritan religious intolerance. intolerance. While the trials were, in part, a While the trials were, in part, a reaction to a perceived threat by the reaction to a perceived threat by the established religious order, they also must be established religious order, they also must be understood as a response to the insecurity and understood as a response to the insecurity and fear stemming from increasing class tension, fear stemming from increasing class tension, social disharmony and changing economic social disharmony and changing economic conditions.conditions.

Puritan DissentPuritan Dissent

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

Anne Hutchinson

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening

• Problems facing New England Churches Problems facing New England Churches 1818thth Century Century

• Religion vs. Secularism, Enlightenment Religion vs. Secularism, Enlightenment ideas and Eco. Prosperityideas and Eco. Prosperity

• Great AwakeningGreat Awakening: Rel. Revival 1730’s-40’s: Rel. Revival 1730’s-40’s– focus on emotional appealfocus on emotional appeal– PreachersPreachers

Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards• Salvation:Salvation:

– FaithFaith– God’s Saving GraceGod’s Saving Grace

• CongregationalistCongregationalist

George Whitefield George Whitefield and Gilbert Tennentand Gilbert Tennent

• Human Human helplessness and helplessness and Divine OmnipotenceDivine Omnipotence

• MethodistMethodist

Presbyterian/ Middle Colonies

Whitefield’s Preaching TourWhitefield’s Preaching Tour

Immediate Effects of Immediate Effects of the Great Awakeningthe Great Awakening

• Division occurs: “Old Lights” vs. “New Division occurs: “Old Lights” vs. “New Lights”Lights”

• New Denominations: Baptists, MethodistsNew Denominations: Baptists, Methodists

• New missionary workNew missionary work

• ““New Light” centers formed (Dartmouth, New Light” centers formed (Dartmouth, Princeton)Princeton)

• Spontaneous Mass MovementSpontaneous Mass Movement

Critique of WhitefieldCritique of Whitefield

Long term Effects of Great Long term Effects of Great AwakeningAwakening

• Americans question authority of Rel. Americans question authority of Rel. leadersleaders

• New Rel. Sects reduce power of Est. New Rel. Sects reduce power of Est. ChurchesChurches

• Religion todayReligion today– Christian fundamentalismChristian fundamentalism– TelevangelistsTelevangelists– Personal faithPersonal faith

EnlightenmentEnlightenment

• Reason and Natural LawsReason and Natural Laws

• John LockeJohn Locke

• Ben FranklinBen Franklin– Scientist, statesmen, writer, printerScientist, statesmen, writer, printer– Experiments with electricity, stoves, Experiments with electricity, stoves,

even swimming even swimming

• Poor Richard’s AlmanacPoor Richard’s Almanac– God helps them that help themselvesGod helps them that help themselves– Sloth Makes all things difficult, but Industry all easySloth Makes all things difficult, but Industry all easy– Laziness travels so slowly, that Poverty soon Laziness travels so slowly, that Poverty soon

overtakes himovertakes him– He that lives upon hope will die fastingHe that lives upon hope will die fasting– There are no Gains without painsThere are no Gains without pains– One today is worth two tomorrowOne today is worth two tomorrow– A secret is best kept between 3 people, if two of them A secret is best kept between 3 people, if two of them

are deadare dead– Fish and Visitors stink after 3 daysFish and Visitors stink after 3 days

Compare and Contrast the Great Compare and Contrast the Great Awakening to the EnlightenmentAwakening to the Enlightenment

View of ManView of ManView of GodView of God

Outlook on lifeOutlook on life