Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer EducationEducationSeminarSeminar

What is the Prostate?What is the Prostate?

A male sex gland

The size of a walnut below the bladder and in front of the rectum

Produces the fluid that is part of semen

Risk Factors for Prostate Risk Factors for Prostate CancerCancer

Age – Found mainly in men over age 55. Average age of diagnosis is 70

Family History – Men’s risk is higher if father or brother is diagnosed before the age of 60

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Race – Prostate cancer is found more often in African American men then White men. It is less common in Asian and American Indian men

Dietary factors – Evidence suggests that a diet high in fat may increase the risk of prostate cancer and diets high in fruits and vegetables decrease the risk

Risk for DevelopingRisk for Developing Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer

Death Rates For Death Rates For Prostate CancerProstate Cancer

What Goes WrongWhat Goes Wrong

Three main types of problems -- infection, enlargement, and cancer -- can afflict the prostate. Prostate infections, called prostatitis, are fairly common in men from the teen years on. These infections can be brief or long-lasting, mild or severe, easy or difficult to treat with antibiotics. Symptoms of prostatitis can include frequent and/or painful urination, other urinary difficulties, or pain during sex

What Goes Wrong What Goes Wrong continuedcontinued

Prostate enlargement, called benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH for short, is an unwanted but non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate. Although men in their twenties can suffer from BPH, it usually surfaces later in life. It's estimated that half of all men have BPH by the age of 60, and 90% will suffer from it by age 85

What Goes Wrong What Goes Wrong continuedcontinued

Prostate cancer: Cells normally divide when new cells are needed. But sometimes cells divide for no reason, creating a mass of tissue called a tumor. Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that usually begins in the outer part of the prostate. In most men, the cancer grows very slowly.

Recommendations for ScreeningRecommendations for Screening

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and the digital rectal exam (DRE) should begin at the age of 50

African Americans and men who have first degree relatives diagnosed before the age of 60 should start at 45 years old

Screening for Prostate Screening for Prostate CancerCancer

Prostate-Specific Antigen Blood Test (PSA) – Measures substance made by the prostate gland

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – Physical exam of the Prostate Gland

Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) – Uses sound waves to make an image of the prostate on a video screen

Symptoms of Prostate Symptoms of Prostate CancerCancer

Frequent urinationInability to urinateTrouble starting and stopping urinationBlood in the urine or semenPainful ejaculationPainful or burning urination

Diagnosis of Prostate Diagnosis of Prostate CancerCancer

Confirmed only by an biopsy taken from part of the prostate

Pathologists then grade the biopsy to give likely hood of cancerous tissue

Then pathologists can tell what stage the cancer is in, 4 stages in all

Procedures for Prostate Procedures for Prostate CancerCancer

Laparoscopic Prostatectomy – Removal of entire prostate gland and nerves using a minimally invasive surgery Radical Prostatectomy – Removal of entire prostate gland and nerves

Radiation Therapy – High-energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells

Expectant Therapy – Regularly scheduled screenings

Procedures continuedProcedures continued

Cryosurgery – freezes abnormal cells of the prostate with a metal probe

Hormone Therapy – Decreases the androgen (testosterone) levels in the body

Chemotherapy – Anticancer drugs injected into a vein or taken by mouth

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Transurethral Resection of the Prostate – Partial removal of tissue from the prostate

Brachytherapy – confined dosage of radioactive seeds inserted directly into the prostate while minimizing healthy tissue damage

Side Effects of Side Effects of TreatmentsTreatments

Impotence – Could last for 3 months or longer

Incontinence – Loss of bladder control or dribbling

Bowel problems - Burning and rectal pain and/or diarrhea

What’s the OutlookWhat’s the Outlook

While the number of men diagnosed with prostate cancer remains high, survival rates are also improving. Almost 89% of men diagnosed with the disease will survive at least five years, while 63% will survive 10 years or longer. The increased number of treatment options make this possible

Test ResultsTest Results

PSA levels under 4vng/ml are considered normal, Just to be safe, if your level is 3 ng/mlor higher, or the level increases from one test to the other you should discuss the results with your physician.

After a DRE your doctor will discuss the test results with you. If they detect a suspicious lump or area during the exam, an ultrasound or biopsy may be recommended.

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If any results come back abnormal, or you do not understand them contact your health care provider for further information.

PSA Testing

IF you are covered under a Purdue Insurance plan you can receive a FREE PSA screening. Ask your doctor to write a prescription for a PSA blood test, take the Rx to any Arnett laboratory, the cost is FREE and your results are sent to your doctor.

Our Gift to YouOur Gift to You

Continued educational programming regarding detection and prevention

Additional resources

Additional ResourcesAdditional ResourcesUsToo! International www.ustoo.org

National Prostate Cancer Coalition www.npcc.org

American Cancer Society www.cancer.org

National Cancer Institutewww.cancer.gov

Oncology Care Internationalwww.oncli.com

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov