project tiger scheme
TRANSCRIPT
PROJECT TIGER
Project Tiger Scheme : Project Tiger Scheme has been under implementation since 1973 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Government of India.
Objective :
The main objective of Project Tiger is to ensure a viable population of tiger in India for scientific , economic , aesthetic , cultural and ecological values and to preserve for all time, areas of biological importance as a natural heritage for the benefit, education and enjoyment of the people. Main objectives under the scheme include wildlife management, protection measures and site specific ecodevelopment to reduce the dependency of local communities on tiger reserve resources.
Initially, the Project started with 9 tiger reserves, covering an area of 16,339 sq.km., with a population of 268 tigers. At present there are 27 tiger reserves covering an area of 37761 sq.km., with a population of 1498 tigers. This amounts to almost 1.14% of the total geographical area of the country. The selection of reserves was guided by representation of ecotypical wilderness areas across the biogeographic range of tiger distribution in the country. Project Tiger is undisputedly a custodian of major gene pool. It is also a repository of some of the most valuable ecosystem and habitats for wildlife.
Tiger Reserves are constituted on a 'core-buffer' strategy. The core area is kept free of biotic disturbances and forestry operations, where collection of minor forest produce, grazing, human disturbances are not allowed within. However, the buffer zone is managed as a ‘multiple use area’ with twin objectives of providing habitat supplement to the spill over population of wild animals from the core conservation unit, and to provide site specific ecodevelopmental inputs to surrounding villages for relieving their impact on the core. Except for the National Parks portion if contained within, normally no relocation of villages is visualised in the buffer area, and forestry operations, NTFP collection and other rights and concessions to the local people are permitted in a regulated manner to complement the initiatives in the core unit.
Project Tiger has put the tiger on an assured course of recovery from the brink of extinction, and has resurrected the floral and faunal genetic diversity in some of our unique and endangered wilderness ecosystem. The population of tigers in the country has increased significantly to about 4000 from less than 2000 at the time of launch of the project. The effective protection and concerted conservation measures inside the reserves have brought about considerable intangible achievements also, viz. arresting erosion, enrichment of water regime thereby improving the water table and overall habitat resurrection. Labor intensive activities in tiger reserves have helped in poverty alleviation amongst the most backward sections, and their dependence on forests has also reduced. The project has been instrumental in mustering local support for conservation programme in general.
Approach:
Key Threatening Processes :
What is an Endangered Species?
Endangered means danger of the species becoming extinct or dying out.
Tigers are facing major population losses & extinction. Tigers are killed for sport, skins & body parts. The 1950s saw extinction of the Caspian tiger. The Bali and Java tiger are also extinct. The last Bali tiger was killed in 1937; the last Javan tiger was seen in 1972. India today has the largest number of tigers, with between 3,600 to 4,000. The South China tiger (20-30 are remaining), is nearly extinct in the wild.
Reasons for the Endangered Status :
The Bengal tiger is endangered because it is poached for its body parts to cater to an illegal market. Another reason is habitat loss due to depletion of forest cover interference of humans and encrochment of forest land by people causing fragmentation. At the turn of the century, there were almost reportedly 40,000 tigers in India, but now only around 4,000 remain in the wild.
Why Save Tigers?
Tiger is symbol of wilderness and well-being of the ecosystem. By conserving and saving tigers the entire wilderness ecosystem is conserved. In nature, barring human beings and their domesticates, rest of the ecosystem is wild. Hence conserving wilderness is important and crucial to maintain the life support system. So saving tiger amounts to saving the ecosystem which is crucial for man's own survival.
Past, Present & Future :
Past
Project Tiger: Project Tiger, launched in 1973-74, is one of our most successful conservation ventures in the recent times. The project aims at tiger conservation in specially constituted 'tiger reserves', which are representative of various bio-geographical regions falling within our country. It strives to maintain a viable tiger population in the natural environment.
An estimate of the tiger population in India, at the turn of the century, placed the figure at 40,000. Subsequently, the first ever all India tiger census was conducted in 1972 which revealed the existence of only 1827 tigers. Various pressures in the later part of the last century led to the progressive decline of wilderness, resulting in the disturbance of viable tiger habitats. At the IUCN General Assembly meeting in Delhi, in 1969, serious concern was voiced about the threat to several species of wildlife and the shrinkage of wilderness in the country. In 1970, a national ban on tiger hunting was imposed and in 1972 the Wildlife Protection Act came into force. A 'Task Force' was then set up to formulate a project for tiger conservation with an ecological approach.
The project was launched in 1973, and various tiger reserves were created in the country on a 'core-buffer' strategy. The core areas were freed from all sorts of human activities and the buffer areas were subjected to 'conservation oriented land use'. Management plans were drawn up for each tiger reserve, based on the principles outlined below:
1. Elimination of all forms of human exploitation and biotic disturbance from the core area and rationalization of activities in the buffer zone.
2. Restricting the habitat management only to repair the damages done to the eco-system by human and other interferences, so as to facilitate recovery of the eco-system to its natural state.
3. Monitoring the faunal and floral changes over time and carrying out research about wildlife.
Initially, 9 tiger reserves were established in different States during the period 1973-74, by pooling the resources available with the Central and State Governments. These nine reserves covered an area of about 13,017sq.km-viz Manas (Assam), Palamau (Bihar), Similipal (Orissa), Corbett (U.P.), Kanha (M.P.), Melghat (Maharashtra), Bandipur (Karnataka), Ranthambhore (Rajasthan) and Sunderbans (West Bengal).
The project started as a 'Central Sector Scheme' with the full assistance of Central Government till 1979-80: later, it become a 'centrally Sponsored Scheme' from 1980-81, with equal sharing of expenditure between the center and the states.
The W.W.F. has given an assistance of US $ 1 million in the form of equipments, expertise and literature. The various States are also bearing the loss on account of giving up the forestry operations in the reserves.The main achievements of this project are excellent recovery of the habitat and consequent increase in the tiger population in the reserve areas, from a mere 268 in 9 reserves in 1972 to 1576 in 27 reserves in 2003. Tiger, being at the apex of the food chain, can be considered as the indicator of the stability of the eco-system. For a viable tiger population, a habitat should possess a good prey base, which in turn will depend on undisturbed forest vegetation. Thus, 'Project Tiger', is basically the conservation of the entire eco-system and apart from tigers, all other wild animals also have increased in number in the project areas. In the subsequent 'Five Year Plans', the main thrust was to enlarge the core and buffer zones in certain reserves, intensification of protection and eco development in the buffer zones of existing tiger reserves, creation of additional tiger reserves and strengthening of the research activities.
The management strategy was to identify the limiting factors and to mitigate them by suitable management. The damages done to the habitat were to be rectified, so as to facilitate the recovery of eco-system to the maximum possible extent. Management practices which tend to push the wildlife populations beyond the carrying capacity of the habitat were carefully avoided. A minimum core of 300 sq. km. with a sizeable buffer was recommended for each project area. The overall administration of the project is monitored by a 'Steering Committee'. The execution of the project is done by the respective State Governments. A 'Field Director' is appointed for each reserve, who is assisted by the field and technical personnel. The Chief Wildlife warden in various States are responsible for the field execution. At the Centre, a full-fledged 'Director' of the project coordinates the work for the country.
Present
Wireless communication system and outstation patrol camps have been developed within the tiger reserves, due to which poaching has declined considerably. Fire protection is effectively done by suitable preventive and control measure Voluntory Village relocation has been done in many reserves, especially from the core, area. In Kanha, Bandipur and Ranthambhore, all the villages have been shifted from the core, and after relocation, the villagers have been provided with alternate agricultural lands and other community benefits. This has resulted in the improvement of the carrying capacity of the habitat. Live stock grazing has been controlled to a great extent in the tiger reserves. Various compensatory developmental works have improved the water regime and the ground and field level vegetations, thereby increasing the animal density. Research data pertaining to vegetational changes are also available from many reserves. In general, the 'restorative management' and 'intense protection' under 'Project Tiger' have saved many of our eco-typical areas from destruction. The area around the buffer is now contemplated as a zone of multiple use, to bring compatibility between the reserves and the neighbouring communities.
Future
a) Use of Information and Communication technology in Wildlife Protection and Crime Risk Management in Tiger reserves:
Wildlife protection and crime risk management in the present scenario requires a widely distributed Information Network, using the state-of-art Information and Communication Technology. This becomes all the more important to ensure the desired level of protection in field formations to safeguard the impressive gains of a focused project like 'Project Tiger'. The important elements in Wildlife protection and control are: Mapping/plotting the relative spatial abundance of wild animals, identification of risk factors, proximity to risk factors, sensitivity categorization, crime mapping and immediate action for apprehending the offenders based on effective networking and communication. Space technology has shown the interconnectivity of natural and anthropogenic phenomena occurring anywhere on earth. Several Tiger Reserves are being linked with the Project Tiger Directorate in the GIS domain for Wildlife Crime Risk Management.
b) GIS based digitized database and MIS development/networking in Tiger Reserves:
With the advanced IT tools, a wide gamut of software solutions are available to improve wildlife related information capture process, its analysis and informed decision making. Geographic Information System is the most relevant of these technologies for natural resource management projects, including wildlife management. The mandate of project tiger is to conserve tigers in a holistic manner. The GIS based database at PTHQ is being linked with the microcomputers in the Tiger Reserves, so that a dynamic linkage for rapid information flow is established using Arc IMS facility.
c) Tiger Habitat & Population Evaluation System for the Indian Sub Continent :
A 'Tiger Atlas of India' and a 'Tiger Habitat & Population Evaluation System for the country is being developed using the state- of- the- art technology.
This involves:
1. Mapping, data acquisition and GIS modeling.
2. Field data collection and validation.
3. Data Maintenance, Dissemination and Use.
Satellite data is being used and classified into vegetation and land use maps on a 1:50,000 scale, with digitized data relating to contour , villages, roads , drainage , administrative boundaries and soil . The spatial layers would be attached with attribute data , viz. human population , livestock population , meteorological data, agricultural information and field data pertaining to wildlife, habitat for evolving regional protocols to monitor tiger and its habitat.
Vision For the Future :
The dynamics of forest management and wildlife conservation have been distorted due to need for income, lack of awareness, lack of land use policy and population pressure. Since the traditional use systems of people are neither static nor benign, these should not be overlooked.
A regional development approach in landscapes having Tiger Reserves is of utmost importance in our country. It should be viewed as a mosaic of different land use patterns, viz, tiger conservation / preservation, forestry, sustainable use and development, besides socio-economic growth.
Tiger habitats exist in environments of thousands of indigenous communities which depend on them. Therefore we cannot view these protected areas in isolation from the surrounding socio-economic realities and developmental priorities of the Govt. This calls for a cross-sectoral and cross-disciplinary approach.
Tigers now need a "preservationist" approach. Regional planning is important around Tiger Reserves to foster ecological connectivity between protected areas through restorative inputs with integrated land use planning. The management plan of a Tiger Reserve, therefore, needs to be integrated in larger regional management plans.
International Efforts:
Protocol On Conservation Of The Tiger Between The Government Of The Republic Of India And The Government Of Peoples’ Republic Of China :
The Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Peoples' Republic of China (hereinafter) referred to as “the Parties”; aiming to consolidate and further promote the friendly and cooperative relations between the people of the two countries.Being Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and Endeavoring to enhance the cooperation on the protection of tiger and making joint efforts to halt the trend of decimation of tiger population to ensure the survival and sustainable development of the species.Having agreed on the following:
Article I
The Parties shall take measures jointly to crack down on the illegal activities of poaching of tiger, smuggling and selling tiger, tiger bones and other parts of tiger as well as its derivatives.
Article II
The Parties shall launch a national and worldwide educational programme to stop the illegal activities of poaching, smuggling and selling tiger, tiger bones and other parts of tigers as well as its derivatives.
Article III
The Parties shall establish bilateral research and training programme and exchange between the two parties appropriate technologies and research data for scientific wildlife management, especially the management of the tiger and its habitat.
Article IV
Encourage on an experimental basis, captive breeding activities with a view to release of the species into the wild.
Article V
The Parties shall provide reports to each other on measures taken to stop the current trade in the parts and derivatives of tiger.
Article VI
The Parties shall review and assess periodically the impact of the measures taken for the protection of the species.
Article VII
The Protocol shall enter into force upon signature by both Parties and shall remain in force for a period of five years and shall be automatically renewed for a subsequent period of five years at a time unless either Party gives to the other a written notice six months in advance of its intention to terminate the Protocol before the date of its expiry.The present Protocol may be modified or amended by mutual agreement.Done at Beijing on this 2nd day of March, 1995 in two originals each in the Hindi, Chinese and English languages, all the texts being equally authentic. In case of any doubt, the English text will prevail.
Resolution Of The First Transboundary Consultative Meeting On Biodiversity Conservation Between Nepal & India 3-5 Jan.97 At Kathmandu :
In pursuance of the joint statement made by the representatives of Nepal and India at the 9th Conference of the parties to CITES at Fort Lauderdale, USA in November, 1994, the representatives from the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India (in the Department of Forests and Wildlife) and His Majesty's Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation) met at Kathmandu from 3rd to 5th January, 1997 for the 1st transboundary consultative meeting on biodiversity conservation and resolved the following:
Aware of the existence of illegal trade of timber, wild flora and fauna including their parts and products.
Realizing the importance of transborder protected area network for comprehensive ecosystem protection.
Considering various steps taken by both India and Nepal with respect to extension of protected area network and control of illegal trade in flora and fauna in their respective countries.
Noting that there are still some gaps in the methods and systems to address the transborder illegal trade of wild flora and fauna and their products.
Appreciating the necessity of a comprehensive transborder protected area network and installation of suitable mechanism for effective control of illegal trade in timber, wild flora and fauna and their products.
The parties from the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India (in the Department of Forests and Wildlife) and HMG of Nepal, in the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation) agreed by consensus to :
1. Request all countries to promote a worldwide campaign for conservation of species and ecosystem for long term human welfare.
2. Urge the International communities to abandon the use of illegally obtained timber, wild flora and fauna and their products.
3. Request the support of governments of other countries, inter governmental bodies, international organisations/ communities and agencies to boost up the programmes of ecosystem conservation and control of illegal trade in timber, wild flora and fauna and their products.
The meeting further resolved the following for promoting bilateral cooperation between India and Nepal on the issue of transboundary protected area system and control of illegal trade in timber, flora and fauna and their products.
1. Improve their respective national legislations to address the requirement of CITES.
2. Encourage establishment of transboundary protected areas complementary to each other, wherever possible.
3. Maintain appropriate database system and share information relevant for biodiversity conservation.
4. Establish complementary anti-poaching mechanism and units for prevention of crimes related to forest and wild flora and fauna and prevent illegal trade and encroachment on forest land.
5. Study and monitor the trade routes and species in trade including seasons of trade.
6. Monitor the transboundary movement of wild animals and establish locally a system of early exchange of information.
7. Promote mutual cooperation in the sphere of research, training and visit programmes.
8. Undertake public awareness programmes at national, regional and local levels to involve people in conservation through mass media and local interactions.
9. Establish in-country mechanism to involve all relevant departments and agencies linked with and interested in control of illegal trade in wild flora and fauna.
And in pursuance of these:
1. Hold regular meetings of this consultative committee to review the progress made and improve the future actions based on experience gained.
Global Tiger Forum
The establishment of the Global Tiger Forum was a major recommendation of the Delhi Declaration adopted at the International Symposium on the Tiger held at New Delhi from 22-24 February 1993. An outline of the mandate for the Global Tiger Forum is reproduced below.
India being custodian of more than 60% of the world's tiger population will take a leading role in coordinating the setting up of Global Tiger Forum and the Voluntary Participative Fund for protection of the tiger.
Considering that the tiger, throughout its range in India, Nepal, China, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Russia is threatened and in some places is becoming critically endangered.
The principal cause of the decline of the population is organized poaching for skins, bones and other tiger derivatives. This seriously undermines the dedicated efforts of range countries to preserve their population. The survival of the tiger now is a matter of international concern.
The Government of India, therefore, proposes the setting up of a Global Tiger Forum of range countries and other international organizations working for tiger conservation to embark on a world-wide campaign to save the tiger.
India as the initiating country offers itself as the first chair of such a Forum. The chair may be rotated amongst the member countries.
The meetings of the Forum are to be held at regular intervals (not exceeding 12 months).
The Forum will:
1. monitor the problems facing the tiger in the world and work out effective strategies and solutions for future implementation for the survival of the species.
2. co-ordinate multi-pronged research efforts across tiger range countries to generate a proper database accessible to all range states.
3. Help the countries to develop and exchange among themselves appropriate technologies and training programmes for scientific wildlife management.
4. embark on an international publicity campaign against the use of tiger bones and skins either for medicinal derivatives or fashion throughout the world.
5. Develop an effective intelligence system to obtain information about poaching, poacher and their network leading to capture and conviction of key persons involved throughout the globe.
It is required to set up a participative fund of an appropriate size from donors to be placed at the disposal of the Forum to meet its expenses and fund its commitments towards its objectives. It is proposed that the first meeting of the member countries and institutions be held in New Delhi in the month of November-December 1993 to discuss
in addition to the above mentioned points the articles of association, rules of business and setting up of a Secretariat.
Government Initiatives :
Protection/Conservation measures taken by Government of India
Coordination with other Departments and State Governments:
(a) A special co-ordination committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary (E&F) Govt. of India has been constituted which includes Special Secretary (Home), Director, Central Bureau of Investigation and Director, Narcotics Control Bureau.
(b) CBI has been empowered for investigation of wildlife offence cases and a notification in this respect has been issued.
(c) Better coordination has been maintained with NGOs regarding wildlife offences and information is exchanged with them.
(d) A National Conference of Forests & Environment Ministers of State Governments was held in January 2001, and a resolution known as "Coimbatore Charter" was adopted. The resolution on forest and wildlife includes providing compensation against wildlife depredation, filling up the vacancies of forest department and reorganizing field formations, providing effective enforcement infrastructure in the field and to designate special courts for wildlife offences.
(e) Secretary (E&F) Govt. of India has taken meetings with State Chief Secretaries regarding better protection of wildlife and providing improved infrastructure to the field staff.
(f) Special trainings for intelligence gathering have been organised for wildlife officers at the Sardar Vallabhai Patel Police Academy, Hyderabad.
(g) Meetings with Principal Secretaries (Forests) and the Chief Wildlife Wardens of States are held regularly in the Ministry to discuss matters relating to wildlife conservation and prevention of illegal trade in wildlife and their derivatives.
Other initiatives include:
Training programmes and Workshops have been organized to sensitize Govt. departments to be proactive in control of trade and preventing smuggling of wildlife products.
Central assistance is being provided to State Governments to strengthen the protection infrastructure including armed squads, vehicles, communication network and co-ordination between the Park managers.
Schemes for awards and rewards for outstanding performance and acts of valour have been introduced to encourage detection and reporting. The State Governments have been advised to strengthen vigilance and intensify patrolling, apart from organising training and workshops for various enforcement agencies
to ensure effective intelligence gathering and law enforcement. To control transboundary trade, a protocol has been signed with Peoples'
Republic of China and a MOU with His Majesty's Government of Nepal. A Forum of Tiger Range Countries, “Global Tiger Forum” has been created for
addressing international issues related to tiger conservation. Launching of public awareness programme to involve Non-Governmental
Organizations and others for supporting the Government in its efforts towards wildlife conservation.· Supporting programmes of Institutions and NGOs in exploring tiger-trade routes and developing a forensic identification reference Manual for tiger parts and products.
Hon'ble Prime Minister has addressed all the Chief Ministers to give due importance to wildlife issues, and to upgrade the skills of staff both in respect of wildlife crime prevention and prosecution of offenders (March 29, 2001).
A National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016) has been launched with action points and priority projects.
"A Wildlife Conservation Strategy 2002" has been launched by the Hon'ble Prime Minister on January 21, 2002 at the XXI meeting of the Indian Board for Wildlife.
Funds are being provided to State Governments for eco-development of fringes to reduce the biotic pressure on Protected Areas under a Centrally Sponsored Scheme since VIII plan, which is ongoing as a merged component of "Project Tiger" and assistance for "Development of National Parks and Sanctuaries". An externally aided "India Eco development Project" has also been launched in seven states, covering 7 Protected Areas. This project has components for village ecodevelopment, improved PA management, education and awareness, impact monitoring and research.
Provision for providing 100% Central Assistance to deploy strike force in sensitive areas.
Providing 100% funding support for Project Allowance to frontline field staff of Tiger Reserves.
Facts & Figures :
POPULATION OF TIGERS IN THE TIGER RESERVES AS REPORTED BY THE STATESS.NO.
NAME OF RESERVE1972
1979
1984
1989
1993
19951997
2001-02*
1. BANDIPUR (KARNATAKA) 10 39 53 50 66 74 75 82
2.CORBETT (UTTARANCHAL )
44 84 90 91 123 128 138 137
3.KANHA (MADHYA PRADESH)
43 71 109 97 100 97 114 127
4. MANAS (ASSAM) 31 69 123 92 81 94 125 65*
5.MELGHAT (MAHARASHTRA)
27 63 80 77 72 71 73 73
6. PALAMAU (JHARKHAND) 22 37 62 55 44 47 44 32
7.RANTHOMBORE (RAJASTHAN)
14 25 38 44 36 38 32 35
8. SIMILIPAL (ORISSA) 17 65 71 93 95 97 98 99
9.SUNDERBANS (WEST BENGAL)
60 205 264 269 251 242 263 245
10. PERIYAR (KERALA) - 34 44 45 30 39 40 3611. SARISKA (RAJASTHAN) - 19 26 19 24 25 24 2212. BUXA (WEST BENGAL) - - 15 33 29 31 32 31
13.INDRAVATI (MADHYA PRADESH)
- - 38 28 18 15 15 29
14.NAGARJUNASAGAR (ANDHRA PRADESH)
- - 65 94 44 34 39 67
15.NAMDHAPA (ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
- - 43 47 47 52 57 61
16.DUDHWA (UTTAR PRADESH)
- - - 90 94 98 104 76*
17. KALAKAD (TAMIL NADU) - - - 22 17 16 28 2718. VALMIKI (BIHAR) - - - 81 49 N.R. 53 53
19.PENCH (MADHYA PRADESH)
- - - - 39 27 29 40
20.TADOBA (MAHARASHTRA)
- - - - 34 36 42 38
21.BANDHAVGARH (MADHYA PRADESH)
- - - - 41 46 46 56
22.PANNA (MADHYA PRADESH)
- - - - 25 22 22 31
23. DAMPHA (MIZORAM) - - - - 7 4 5 4
24. PENCH (MAHARASHTRA) - - - - -10(1994)
- 14
25. BHADRA (KARNATAKA) - - - - - - - 35
26.PAKHUI - NAMERI ( ARUNACHAL PRADESH-ASSAM)
- - - - - - -26 Nameri
27.BORI-SATPURA-PACHMARI (MADHYA PRADESH)
- - - - 30 - - 35
Total 268 7111121
1327
1366
13331498
1576
Population of Tigers in the Country as Reported By the States (Rs in Lakhs)S.NO.
NAME OF THE STATE
1972 1979 1984 1989 1993 19972001-02**
1 TAMIL NADU 33 65 97 95 97 62 60
2 MAHARASHTRA 160 174 301 417 276 257 238
3 WEST BENGAL 73 296 352 353 335 361 349
4 KARNATAKA 102 156 202 257 305 350 401
5 BIHAR 85 110 138 157 137 103 76
6 ASSAM 147 300 376 376 325 458 354
7 RAJASTHAN 74 79 96 99 64 58 58
8 MADHYA PRADESH
457 529 786 985 912 927 710
9 UTTAR PRADESH 262 487 698 735 465 475 284
10 ANDHRA PRADESH
35 148 164 235 197 171 192
11 MIZORAM - 65 33 18 28 12 28
12 GUJARAT 8 7 9 9 5 1 -
13 GOA DAMAN & DIU
- - - 2 3 6 5
14 ORISSA 142 173 202 243 226 194 173
15 KERALA 60 134 89 45 57 73 71
16 CHHATTISGARH - - - - - - 227
17 JHARKHAND - - - - - - 34
18 UTTARANCHAL - - - - - - 251
TOTAL 1638 2723 3543 4026 3432 3508 3511
19 MEGHALYA 32 35 125 34 53 * 47
20 MANIPUR 1 10 6 31 - * NR
21 TRIPURA 7 6 5 - - * NR
22 NAGALAND 80 102 104 104 83 * 23
23 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
69 139 219 135 180 * 61***
24 SIKKIM - - 2 4 2 * NR
25 HARYANA - - 1 - - - -
TOTAL 189 292 462 308 318 - 131
- GRAND TOTAL 1827 3015 4005 4334 3750 3508 3642
ENGLISH PROJECT WORK PROJECT TIGER
NAME : AKSHAY
PILANIA CLASS : IX-B ROLL NO. : 26
SUBMITTED TO : MRS.
RAVINDER KAUR