production yields of light short lived isotopes at saraf
TRANSCRIPT
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Production yields of light short lived isotopes
at SARAF
Dan Berkovits, SOREQ NRCMichael Hass, The Weizmann Institute
With much help from Sergey Vaintraub
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 26/6/2006
Talk content:
IntroductionProduction yield calculationProposals for experimental setup
14,15O6He
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 36/6/2006
Project (2005-2007) aim
A feasibility study for a RIB facility and proposals for a relatively low cost RIB apparatus at SARAF, in order to enlarge experimental nuclear science infrastructure and promote the research in the field in Israel.
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 46/6/2006
SARAF is a multi-application facility based on a 40 MeV p / d / H2
+ 2 mA linac
Only a small fraction of the beam time can be devoted for RIB low costSignificant contribution to front end nuclear science using the unique beam characters of SARAF
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 56/6/2006
First direct reaction yield calculations
Texas A&M 104 8B @ 8 MeV/u Triumf 8x108 8Li @ 1.5 MeV/u
40, 2 Proton
40, 2 Deuteron
40, 0.2 Alpha
Energy current (MeV,mA)
Target
product Yield(a/s)
product Yield(a/s)
product Yield(a/s)
He6 5.09E+11 Li8 1.56E+13 Li9 4.18E+08Li7 Be7 1.27E+13 Be7 1.59E+13 Be10 1.90E+11Be7 9.62E+11 Li8 3.32E+09 Be10 5.40E+08 Be7 3.63E+08 C11 3.89E+10B8 2.34E+11 Be11 6.50E+05 C14 2.96E+10C10 1.76E+10 B8 4.72E+08 N13 4.46E+08C11 3.13E+13 B12 5.90E+12 O14 5.51E+09N11 2.21E+08 C11 6.68E+12 O15 6.37E+11N12 1.86E+12 N12 2.58E+11
C12 N13 9.31E+12
Compare to:
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 66/6/2006
Highest interest candidates and production schemes for RIB in SARAF
1. Direct reaction14N(d,2n)14O14N(d,n)15O
2. Two-stage production9Be(d,xn) 9Be(n,α)6He
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 76/6/2006
14O (t1/2=70.6 s)
15O (t1/2=122.2 s)
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 86/6/2006
3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
111213
14
C (6)N (7)
O (8) F (9)
Ne (10)Na (11)
Mg (12)
Very Hot CN(O)-Cycle
still “beta limited”
T9 ~ 0.3 T1/2=1.7s
3α flow
Breakout
processing beyond CNO cycleafter breakout via:
3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
111213
14
C (6)N (7)
O (8) F (9)
Ne (10)Na (11)
Mg (12)
3α flow
T9 >~ 0.3 15O(α,γ)19Ne18Ne(α,p)21NaT9 >~ 0.6
Downloaded from: H. Schatz www.nscl.msu.edu/~schatz/PHY983/Notes/rp_process.ppt
CNO cycle breakout
14O(α,p)17F
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 96/6/2006
Neutron Star
Donor Star(“normal” star)
Accretion Disk
Mass accretion from a companion into a white-dwarf or neutron star
Understanding X-ray bursts
Understanding Red Giant to White Dwarf mass transfer
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 106/6/2006
Cross section calculation benchmark
14N(d,n)15O
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b)
6(2003-fit)Alice1(98)2(90)3(77)4(69)5(85)EmpireII
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 116/6/2006
Production of 14O via (p,n)
Exp.: Kovacs, Radiochimica Acta 2003
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Proton Energy (MeV)
Cro
ss S
ectio
n (m
b)
0.0E+00
3.0E+11
6.0E+11
9.0E+11
1.2E+12
1.5E+12
Yie
ld (a
tom
s/se
c) (p
er 2
mA
p)
CS [mb]CS FitAlice Yield [at/s]
14N(p,n)14O half-life of 14O is 70.6 sec and not included in yield calculations
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 126/6/2006
Production of 14O via (d,2n)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss S
ectio
n (m
b)
0.0E+00
8.0E+11
1.6E+12
2.4E+12
3.2E+12
4.0E+12
Yie
ld (a
tom
s/se
c) (I
nten
sity
2m
A)
AliceEmpireIIAlice Yield [at/s]EmpireII Yield [at/s]
14N(d,2n)14O
Alice
Empire II
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 136/6/2006
Yield as function of projectile
0.0E+00
8.0E+11
1.6E+12
2.4E+12
3.2E+12
4.0E+12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Projectile Energy (MeV)
Yie
ld (a
t/s) (
per 2
mA
p)
(p,n)
(d,2n)
H2 2*(p,n)
14N(projectile,xn)14O
(p,n)
(d,2n)
H2 => 2p => 2*(p,n)
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 146/6/2006
Production of 15O
0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss S
ectio
n (m
b)
0.0E+00
6.0E+12
1.2E+13
1.8E+13
2.4E+13
Yie
ld (a
tom
s/se
c) (I
nten
sity
2m
A)
AliceEmpireIIAlice Yield [at/s]EmpireII Yield [at/s]
14N(d,n)15O
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Proton energy (MeV)C
ross
Sec
tion
(mb)
0.0E+00
8.0E+12
1.6E+13
2.4E+13
3.2E+13
4.0E+13
Yie
ld (a
tom
s/se
c) (I
nten
sity
2m
A)
AliceAlice-fitYield [at/s]
16O(p,pn)15O
GANIL: 2x107 @ 1.2 MeV/u pps
Alice
Empire II
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 156/6/2006
14O setup in SARAFCombined driver-post accelerator
p, d ion source
20 MeV/u, M/q=2 linac
Existing 2010
80 kW Li jet
stripper
Highly charged
ion sourceRIB
experimental area
d+ and 14O7+
beam
14O8+
Oxygen chemical analysis
CO gas
high resolution mass spectrometer
d+
Deuterium gas
80 kW production
target
14N(d,2n)14O
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 166/6/2006
14O transmission
10-4 [1] >0.5 [3]
0.9 [2]
[1] J. Powell et al. NIM B 204 (2003) 440
[2] SARAF CDR RFQ specified value
[3] Stripping probability
p, d ion source
20 MeV/u, M/q=2 linac
Highly charged
ion source
80 kW Li jet
stripper
80 kW production
target
14N(d,2n)14O
RIB experimental
area
d+ and 14O7+
beam
d+
14O8+
Oxygen chemical analysis
CO gas
Deuterium gas
high resolution mass spectrometer
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 176/6/2006
Combined driver-post acceleratorSuitable for other isotopes too, depending on the on-line chemistry and charge breeding efficiency.
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 186/6/2006
6He (t1/2=807 ms)
Two-stage production9Be(d,xn) 9Be(n,α)6He9Be(d,xn) 9Be(n,2n) 9Be(n,α)6He
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 196/6/2006
Motivation for 6He (1)
Halo nuclei – nuclear structure physics
Wang PRL 2004
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 206/6/2006
Motivation for 6He (2)“β-beam” – neutrino oscillations
BenediktEPAC2004
Optimization of production and
extraction mechanism
6He 6Li e-ν18Ne 18Fe+ν
Production of an intense collimated neutrino (anti neutrino) beam directed at neutrino detectors via β decay of accelerated radioactive ions
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 216/6/2006
McLaughlin and Volpe
Phys. Lett. 2005
Motivation for 6He (3)Neutrino magnetic moment – standard model
Giomataris, hep-ex/ 0303045 2003
Daraktchieva et al. Physics Letters 2005
Reactor neutrinos• High background• Poorly-known spectrum
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 226/6/2006
6He production (n,α) cross section
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10
neutron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b) Bass 1961Savilev 1958Stelson 1957Stelson 1957MCNP
9Be(n,α)6He
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 236/6/2006
Li target adapted from P. Grand and A.N. Goland, NIM 145 (1977) 49, under development for SARAF by M. Paul et al.
Two stage production scheme
Li
1 cm
2 mA80 kW
L=5 cm D=5 cm
R=5 cm
9Be
fast n
Primary targetSecondary target
7Li(d,xn)
9Be(n,α)6He
9Be(n,2n)8Be
Li
1 cm
2 mA80 kW
L=5 cm D=5 cm
R=5 cm
9Be
fast n
Primary targetSecondary target
7Li(d,xn)
9Be(n,α)6He
9Be(n,2n)8Be
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 246/6/2006
n flux in the secondary target (SARAF)
0.0E+00
5.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.5E-03
2.0E-03
2.5E-03
3.0E-03
3.5E-03
4.0E-03
4.5E-03
5.0E-03
0 10 20 30 40 50
neutron enrgy (MeV)
n flu
x pe
r ini
tial n
(1/c
m2 )
total0-1 cm4-5 cm9-10 cmx
y
z
(0,0,0)
10cm
5cm Ben-Source
MCNP
K. Lavie
100% natural density
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 256/6/2006
flux cross section overlap
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 5 10 15 20
n energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b)
0.0E+00
5.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.5E+12
2.0E+12
2.5E+12
3.0E+12
3.5E+12
n flu
x pe
r 2 m
A d
(s-1
)
9Be(n,2n)
9Be(n,α)6He
n in Be target
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 266/6/2006
Preliminary MCNP 6He yield simulation
0
5E+12
1E+13
1.5E+13
2E+13
2.5E+13
2 3 4 5 6
Be target radius (cm)
6 He
yiel
d (a
tm/s
)
D=5 cmD=10 cm
Simulated by Keren Lavie
Assuming:
1. a source target of solid Beryllium in place of liquid Li.
2. Secondary Be target at natural density.
Li
1 cm
2 mA80 kW
L=5 cm D=5 cm
R=5 cm
9Be
fast n
Primary targetSecondary target
7Li(d,xn)
9Be(n,α)6He
9Be(n,2n)8Be
Li
1 cm
2 mA80 kW
L=5 cm D=5 cm
R=5 cm
9Be
fast n
Primary targetSecondary target
7Li(d,xn)
9Be(n,α)6He
9Be(n,2n)8Be
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 276/6/2006
Production rate comparisonAvailable for
experiment (6He/s)Production rate (6He/s)
Ref.Site
3x1011 *2.4x1013This workSARAF8x10116.3x1012[i]Beta-beam9x107[ii]Ganil-SPIRAL
1.5x105[iii]Dubna-DRIB9x1065 x109[iv]Louvain-la-Neuve
[i] P. Zucchelli, "A novel concept for an anti−νe/νe neutrino factory: the beta-beam", Physics Letters B 532 (2002) 166–172. [ii] F. Chautard, SPIRAL Radioactive ion beam intensities, updated May (2005),
http://www.ganil.fr/operation/available_beams/radioactive_beams.htm[iii] YU.TS. OGANESSIAN, "DRIBs: The Dubna Project for Radioactive Ion Beams", (2000). [iv] M. Trotta, et al, "Large Enhancement of the Sub-barrier Fusion Probability for a Halo Nucleus", Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(2000)2342. Nature 2004.
* 3x1011assuming transmission efficiency as in [i]
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 286/6/2006
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 296/6/2006
Next step in simulation
Optimization:By adding a Be reflectorAs function of Be target density (~10%)Including construction metalsAs function of L, D and R
L D
R
Be reflector
10%
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 306/6/2006
MCNP simulation in the Be amplifier of the neutron radiography camera
Calculated by M. Caner
Deuteron
beam
Be
D2O 5 cm6He/s (1013)
Be ring
0.74inner1.35central1.13outer3.22Total
Production rate
He flow 6He out
2 mA
40 MeV
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 316/6/2006
6He preliminary setup I in Sarafexcluding a post-accelerator
p, d ion source
40 MeV d linac
80 kW thermal n camera
9Be(d,xn)RIB
experimental area
d+Existing 2010
9Be(n,α)6He
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 326/6/2006
6He preliminary setup II in Sarafexcluding a post-accelerator
p, d ion source
40 MeV d linac
80 kW thermal n camera
9Be(d,xn)RIB experimental
area
d+Existing 2010
mass spectrometer
9Be(n,α)6He
Ion source
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 336/6/2006
Production of other isotopes
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0 5 10 15 20
neutron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b)
11B(n,p)11Be11B(n,a)8Li
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0 5 10 15 20
neutron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b)
19F(n,p)19O19F(n,a)16N
( ) ]/[107.1 8138 sLiLidtdN
⋅=
Analytical calculation
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 346/6/2006
Production of other isotopes
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0 5 10 15 20
neutron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b)
23Na(n,p)23Ne23Na(n,a)20F
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0 5 10 15 20
neutron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b)
27Al(n,p)27Mg27Al(n,a)24Na
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Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 356/6/2006
END