Princeton UniversityHonors Faculty Members Receiving Emeritus Status

May 2013

The biographical sketches were written by colleagues in the departments of those honored, except where noted.

Copyright © 2013 by The Trustees of Princeton University

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Contents

Faculty Members Receiving Emeritus Status

Leonard Harvey Babby 1

Mark Robert Cohen 4

Martin C. Collcutt 6

John Horton Conway 10

Edward Charles Cox 14

Frederick Lewis Dryer 16

Thomas Jeffrey Espenshade 19

Jacques Robert Fresco 22

Charles Gordon Gross 24

András Peter Hámori 28

Marie-Hélène Huet 30

Morton Daniel Kostin 32

Heath W. Lowry 34

Richard Bryant Miles 36

Chiara Rosanna Nappi 39

Susan Naquin 42

Edward Nelson 44

John Abel Pinto 47

Albert Jordy Raboteau 49

François P. Rigolot 54

Daniel T. Rodgers 57

Gilbert Friedell Rozman 61

Peter Schäfer 64

José A. Scheinkman 68

Anne-Marie Slaughter 71

Robert Harry Socolow 74

Zoltán G. Soos 78

Eric Hector Vanmarcke 81

Maurizio Viroli 83

Frank Niels von Hippel 85

Andrew John Wiles 87

Michael George Wood 89

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Leonard Harvey Babby

Leonard Babby’s arrival in 1991, as a professor of Slavic linguis-tics in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, was in fact a return to Princeton. He had first been hired in 1969, before de-fending his dissertation at Harvard University (1970), as a member of the Slavic department and of Princeton’s Interdepartmental Commit-tee of Linguistics. When the Ph.D. Program in Slavic was suspended in 1971, he allowed himself to be tempted away to Cornell University. For twenty years, he was a professor in Cornell’s huge Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics and an adjunct professor in Near Eastern studies, a tribute to his interest in Turkish as well as Slavic languages. By the time he re-arrived at Princeton, this breadth had become his professional trademark. Len served as head of our Ph.D. program in Slavic and theoretical linguistics, which has had an exemplary placement record for its graduates, as well as director of the Program in Linguistics. An advisee of Roman Jakobson’s at Harvard in the 1960s and devotee of Noam Chomsky at the Massachusetts In-stitute of Technology throughout his career, Len went on to elaborate highly original systems of generative syntax that have come to define the field of structural linguistics in this country.

Through sixty scholarly articles and five monographs (two of which are in progress), Len advanced entirely novel analyses of major problems remarkably unbound by established orthodoxies. These include his widely discussed two-tiered theory of argument structure based, in part, on the unusual behavior of impersonal verbs in Rus-sian, and his famous analysis of hybrid categories, which illustrate that a predicate’s argument structure and syntactic projection do not follow naturally from its meaning. His work on negative existential sentences remains the point of departure for all study on the syntax and seman-tics of the genitive of negation and is now, after many years, a center of discussion within Moscow generative syntax circles. His elucidation

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of “adversity impersonal” sentences in Russian led to the demise of the widely accepted generalization that accusative cannot occur in the absence of an external thematic relation. Len’s study of discontinuous case-assignment in quantified noun phrases and his theory of control predicates have left their mark, in each case shifting the discussion in the direction of more creative solutions to such problems, rooted in the kind of evidence that seemingly only Len has managed to marshal over the years.

Len’s students, both at Cornell and Princeton, together with his many “students in spirit,” occupy a central position in Slavic syntax today. In January 2013, at the annual conference of the American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages in Boston, a series of panels in homage to Len’s multifaceted contri-butions, involving eighteen participants among Len’s current and former students and colleagues, celebrated the lasting impact of Len’s work. Each session room was filled beyond capacity. A Festschrift for Leonard Babby appeared in 2004 as a double issue of the Journal of Slavic Linguistics. As its editors remarked, “Len’s work is formal, though not willfully so. Len engages the formal apparatus of genera-tive grammar only to the extent that a given problem requires it; he has never gratuitously attended to fashionable theoretical trends.” Len was one of the first linguists to apply generative grammar to the Slavic languages. The influence was reciprocal; he showed general linguists that their principles needed to be adapted if they were to be applied to morphologically rich languages (such as the Slavic family) in a consistent way, and at the same time he introduced Slavic linguists to generative grammar, showing them how its principles elucidate super-ficially enigmatic phenomena. One of Len’s lasting legacies will be his unparalleled attention to detail. His file cards, filled with examples to be quoted at a moment’s notice, are legendary.

As a teenager at Brooklyn Technical High School (1953-57), Len was preparing for a career in mechanical engineering. He remem-bers with horror and relief that crucial moment when he discovered that at heart he was a different sort of engineer, that is, a linguist: a scholar for whom the “working parts that matter” were words. Len is

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an investigator, a problem-solver, whose methodology is perhaps best expressed in the epigraph to his 2009 Cambridge University Press monograph, The Syntax of Argument Structure, cited from another great investigator and problem-solver, Sherlock Holmes: “The more outré and grotesque an incident is the more carefully it deserves to be examined, and the very point which appears to complicate a case is, when duly considered and scientifically handled, the one which is most likely to elucidate it.”

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Mark Robert Cohen

Mark R. Cohen, the Khedouri A. Zilkha Professor of Jewish Civilization in the Near East, has spent four decades on the Princeton faculty. Mark earned his degrees from Brandeis University (A.B.), Columbia University (M.A.), and the Jewish Theological Seminary (M.H.L. and Ph.D.).

A world-renowned historian of Jews in the medieval Islamic world and mentor to a generation of young scholars of the historical documents of the Cairo Geniza, Mark’s published work includes stud-ies of Muslim-Jewish relations, Jewish social and economic history, the structure and functioning of the Jewish community, the Cairo Geniza, and Jewish law and society, as well as a translation and edi-tion of the autobiography of a famous seventeenth-century Venetian rabbi.

Mark’s strong language skills, including knowledge of Judeo-Arabic, a language he has taught for many years, allow him to mine a wide variety of available sources. As David Wasserstein has written, Mark’s arguments “are buttressed with an impressive range of evi-dence drawn from both Jewish and non-Jewish sources in the Islamic and Christian worlds.” However, Mark does not simply summarize the available sources but applies to his material sophisticated theoretical approaches to arrive at very insightful analyses.

Mark has received numerous fellowships and has served as a visit-ing professor at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Columbia Univer-sity, and New York University. Among other academic appointments, he has held fellowships at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Jeru-salem, the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin, and the National Humani-ties Center. He has given seminars at Ain Shams University in Cairo, the University of Paris, the Free University in Berlin, and the Central European University in Budapest.

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Mark is a member of the American Academy for Jewish Research and in 2010 was the inaugural winner of Merrimack College’s Gold-ziher Prize for scholarship that “contributes significantly to under-standing, reverence, and common moral purpose between Jews and Muslims.” Mark has also promoted understanding between Jews and Muslims through lectures, public talks, and op-ed pieces.

In addition to scores of articles and reviews, Mark has written Jewish Self-Government in Medieval Egypt (1980), which won the National Jewish Book Award for Jewish history in 1981; Al-Mujtama‘ al-Yahudi fi Misr al-Islamiyya fi al-‘Usur al-Wusta (Jewish Life in Me-dieval Egypt 641–1382), a survey translated into Arabic for readers in the Arab world (1987); The Autobiography of a Seventeenth-Century Venetian Rabbi: Leon Modena’s Life of Judah (1988); Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages (1994, new edition 2008), which has been translated into numerous languages; and Poverty and Charity in the Jewish Community of Medieval Egypt and The Voice of the Poor in the Middle Ages: An Anthology of Documents from the Cairo Geniza, both published in 2005. Since its establishment in 1986, he has been the director of the Princeton Geniza Project in the Depart-ment of Near Eastern Studies, an online database of transcriptions of documents from the Cairo Geniza used by scholars worldwide.

Mark will not be idle in retirement. He has several book projects in progress and plans also to continue teaching at least one course per year as a visiting professor. He will continue his relationship with the Department of Near Eastern Studies, teaching a graduate seminar next fall and maintaining his directorship of the Princeton Geniza Project.

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Martin C. Collcutt

Martin Collcutt, born in London, England, in 1939, was schooled in London and Plymouth in Devonshire. At Fitzwilliam College, University of Cambridge, he studied British and European History and graduated with honors. Eager to see the world, he took a course at London University in the teaching of English as a second language. Martin considered various possibilities and decided that Japan, by then recovering from defeat in war and atomic destruction in 1945 and preparing to host the 1964 Olympic Games, would be an interest-ing country to visit for a few years. He did not realize that this would become a lifelong involvement.

In 1963, Martin found a position teaching English language and literature at Yokohama National University. Befriended by faculty and students in Yokohama, enjoying his life in Japan, and thinking that he might stay more than two years, after a few months Martin began to study spoken and written Japanese in Tokyo and working with a private tutor. Around this time, Martin was introduced to a Zen Bud-dhist meditation group whose members met at one of the old Bud-dhist temples in the city of Kamakura. Curious about Zen, he joined the weekly meditation sessions.

After three years of teaching in Yokohama, Martin moved to the University of Tokyo, where he taught English literature and European history for three more years, continuing his study of Japanese and Zen Buddhism. While teaching in Tokyo, he made the acquaintance of his future wife, Akiko Morinaga. They were married in 1967 at the Daishuin Zen temple in Kyoto. Akiko’s uncle and adoptive father, Morinaga Soko Roshi, was the abbot of Daishuin. In their frequent visits to Kyoto, they would stay at Daishuin and join in the meditation practice there. Morinaga Soko was quite well known outside Japan and was invited to give annual retreats at summer schools organized

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by the London Buddhist Society. Martin began to accompany him to these summer sessions as his interpreter.

While teaching at the University of Tokyo, Martin also served as tutor in English to the then-crown prince of Japan, now the emperor, Akihito. Weekly, at the convenience of the crown prince, Martin vis-ited the detached palace. The crown prince, then in his early thirties, was deeply interested in marine biology and ichthyology—a branch of zoology dealing with fish—especially the study of small river fish belonging to the Goby family. In their meetings, they discussed the crown prince’s various official activities, read newspaper articles on world events, and sometimes discussed essays the crown prince had written for publication in English-language ichthyology journals, as well as articles on contemporary science and Francis Bacon’s essays. If the crown prince happened to be planning travel to some foreign venue, or to be entertaining English-speaking visitors to the palace, they would discuss the comments he was considering. Martin was impressed by the crown prince’s commitment to his scientific research and to his public responsibilities, as well as to his seriousness in his study of English and his acceptance of, and commitment to, his likely future role as the emperor of Japan.

Pursuing his interest in Japanese culture, especially earlier history and religion, Martin was accepted into the graduate program in East Asian studies at Harvard University in 1969, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1975 with a study of Zen Buddhist monasticism in medieval Japan. Interested in the history of Zen Buddhism and influenced by David Knowles’ pathbreaking study of The Monastic Order in England, Martin decided to look at Zen in medieval Japan from the angles of how Zen monastic life developed in Japan, when and how meditation was practiced, how monks and monasteries were regulated, the rules for monastery cooks, how monasteries managed their economies and their sometimes extensive landholdings, and what ties they had with lay patrons, including nobles, warriors, townspeople, and farmers. This research culminated in his book, Five Mountains: The Rinzai Zen Monastic Institution in Medieval Japan (Harvard East Asian Monographs, 1981).

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Appointed as an assistant professor in the departments of East Asian studies and history at Princeton in 1975, Martin was subse-quently promoted to associate professor and professor. From 1984 to 1987, he served as chair of the East Asian studies department, and from 1984 to 2005, except while on leave, as director of the East Asian studies program. Reflecting strong faculty opinion within East Asian studies, he worked to strengthen the focus on the intensive study of spoken and written Chinese and Japanese for undergradu-ates and graduate students. Working with professors C.P. Chou and E. Perry Link, he supported the early development of the Princeton in Beijing summer language program and its counterpart in Japan, the Princeton in Ishikawa program. Martin would have liked to add Korean studies to the department and program curriculum, but that would come later.

Martin’s teaching focused on earlier Japanese history and culture, including the aristocratic and warrior culture of the Heian and Ka-makura periods, and Zen Buddhism and the arts in medieval Japan. His research has focused on Zen Buddhism, including “Zen and the Gozan” in the Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 3: Medieval Japan (1990). He has also written about pre-1600 Japanese society and religions more generally, as in his “‘Nun Shogun’: Politics and Reli-gion in the Life of Hôjô Masako (1157-1225),” in Engendering Faith: Women and Buddhism in Pre-modern Japan (2002). Martin has not restricted himself to the early and medieval history of Japan. Working with Marius B. Jansen and Isao Kumakura, he published the gener-ously illustrated Cultural Atlas of Japan (1988). Becoming interested in the writings of the Japanese historian Kume Kunitake, he helped translate Kume’s detailed record of the round-the-world journey of the Iwakura Embassy, which was sent to re-negotiate unequal treaties and to learn from the West from 1871 to 1873. Martin translated the first volume of the five-volume record that gives Kume’s detailed account of the embassy’s experiences in the United States between January and September 1872. They were welcomed as distinguished visitors from a Japan that was opening to the world.

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Martin has held visiting professorships at a number of Japanese universities including Kyoto University (1982), International Chris-tian University, Tokyo (1988-89), the International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto (1992-93), University of Tokyo (1996), Kansai University (1997), the National Museum of Japanese History, Chiba (1999), the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka (2001), and Keio University (2006). In 2008, he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by Kansai University in Osaka.

Contemplating retirement, Martin and Akiko will continue to enjoy rural life and gardening in Hopewell, but they also hope to spend more time with family and friends in Japan. In a leisurely way, they are visiting the eighty-eight Buddhist temples on the pilgrim-age circuit around the small island of Shikoku in southwestern Japan and hope to complete the pilgrimage in a few more years. Martin has several research projects in mind. One is a detailed, day-by-day study of the reception of the Iwakura Embassy in 1872, and the reactions of those Americans from San Francisco to Washington, New York, and Boston who welcomed and entertained the embassy. Another topic for research is the Zen monk and artist Sengai Gibbon, whose humorous ink-paintings and verses have intrigued Martin since he first saw them in a Tokyo gallery many years ago.

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John Horton Conway

John Conway is a mathematician whose interests run broad and deep, ranging from classical geometry to the 196,884-dimensional Monster group to infinity and beyond. Perhaps his greatest achievement (certainly his proudest achievement) is the invention of new system of numbers, the surreal numbers—a continuum of numbers that include not only real numbers (integers, fractions, and irrationals such as pi, which in his heyday he could recite from memory to more than 1,100 digits), but also the infinitesimal and the infinite numbers. When he discovered them in 1970, the surreals had John wandering around in a white-hot daydream for weeks. His only regret, in this regard, is that he has not yet seen the surreals applied. The conventional wisdom, however, is that the surreals no doubt will find application; it is just a question of how and when.

Notwithstanding his serious chops, John is equally if not more renowned for his persistent playing around, which makes him a great teacher and a wonderful speaker, especially to a general audience. Forever the showman, always seeking the center of attention, he gained a reputation for carrying on his person ropes, pennies, coat hangers, cards, dice, games, puzzles, models, sometimes a Slinky—props deployed to extend his winning and charismatic imagination. In this sense, John is one of his discipline’s best ambassadors, bringing mathematics to the masses—be it at summer math camps teaching some of his more trivial and eccentric mathematical inventions to wide-eyed students, or delivering public lectures on Archimedes and Escher and the like to standing room only crowds at McCosh Hall. At the drop of a hat, he can also discuss the conversion of the Hebrew calendar to the Roman one, as well as constellations and phases of the moon, the strange etymology of English words (such as “floccinaucinihilipilification”), or the symmetry of brick patterns in

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walls. Once, in a talk to a general audience on symmetry, John invited the then-president of Princeton University to remove his shoes and socks to illustrate footprint patterns. The president demurred.

Born on December 26, 1937, in Liverpool, England, John, as his mother once recalled, became interested in mathematics at a very early age, reciting the powers of two when he was four years old. Also, from a young age he could calculated the day of the week for any given date (a skill he later refined, on the urging of Martin Gardner, with his Doomsday algorithm). At age eleven, his headmaster asked what he wanted to do with his life and he replied: “I want to read mathematics at Cambridge.” He received his B.A. from Gonville and Caius College at the University of Cambridge in 1959, and received his doctorate in 1964. He remained at Cambridge until 1986, when he came to Princeton as a professor of mathematics and was named John von Neumann Professor of Applied and Computational Mathematics. John was entrusted with the task of teaching the pre-major mathematics courses—a task he has continued to do throughout his time at Princeton.

Over his long career, John has made significant contributions to mathematics in the fields of group theory, number theory, algebra, geometric topology, theoretical physics, combinatorial game theory, and geometry.

In group theory, he worked on the classification of finite simple groups and discovered the Conway groups, and was the primary author of the ATLAS of Finite Groups (1986). The Atlas, as it is called, took the better part of 15 years to produce and provides basic information about the properties of finite simple groups. With Simon Norton, he conceived of the complex of conjectures named “Monstrous Moonshine.” He also investigated lattices in higher dimensions, and with Neil Sloane authored Sphere Packings, Lattices, and Groups (1988).

In number theory, John proved as a graduate student the conjecture by Edward Waring that every integer could be written as the sum of thirty-seven numbers, each raised to the fifth power. In 1993, he proved with his student, William Schneeberger, that if an

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integral positive definite quadratic form with integer matrix represents all positive integers up to fifteen, then it represents all positive integers.

Working with quaternions, he invented the system of icosians in algebra. And he authored On Quaternions and Octonions (2003, with Derek Smith), The Sensual (Quadratic) Form (1997), and Regular Algebra and Finite Machines (1971).

In geometric topology, John’s approach to computing the Alexander polynomial of knot theory involved skein relations, and led to a variant now called the Alexander-Conway polynomial. He further developed tangle theory and invented a system of notation for tabulating knots, now known as Conway notation, while completing the knot tables up to 10 crossings.

In 2004, John and Princeton’s Simon Kochen proved the Free Will Theorem, working off of the Kochen-Specker No Hidden Variables principle of quantum mechanics. It states that if an experimenter can freely choose what to measure in a particular experiment, then elementary particles can also freely choose their spins in order to make the measurements consistent with physical law.

John is perhaps most widely known for his contributions to combinatorial game theory, a theory of partisan games. He collaborated with Elwyn Berlekamp and Richard Guy, and they coauthored the book Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays (1982). Additionally, he wrote the book On Numbers and Games (1976), which lays out the mathematical foundations of this theory. With Richard Guy he authored The Book of Numbers (1996). He invented several games—sprouts, philosopher’s football (or Phutball), and Conway’s soldiers—and developed detailed analyses of many others. He also invented the Game of Life, one of the early celebrated examples of a cellular automaton, which he introduced to the world via the inaugural Scientific American column by his good friend Martin Gardner. He formulated the angel problem, which was solved in 2006. His surreal numbers inspired a mathematical novel by Donald Knuth, which includes the line: “Conway said to the numbers, ‘Be fruitful and multiply.’” He also invented a naming system for exceedingly large numbers, the Conway chained arrow notation.

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At heart, John considers himself a geometer, in the tradition of the great classical geometer Donald Coxeter, whom Conway considered one of his mathematical heroes and mentors. In the mid-1960s, during the initial stages of what became an abiding interest in polyhedra and polytopes, John and Michael Guy established that there are sixty-four convex uniform polychora excluding two infinite sets of prismatic forms. They discovered the grand antiprism in the process, the only non-Wythoffian uniform polyhedron. John has also suggested a system of notation dedicated to describing polyhedra called Conway polyhedron notation. Throughout his geometrical researches, he has often been governed by a lifelong fascination with symmetry. His most recent book is The Symmetries of Things (2008; coauthored with Heidi Burgiel and Chaim Goodman-Strauss). He is currently at work on The Triangle Book (among others).

Over the course of his career, John has been honored with numerous awards and accolades. He received the London Mathematical Society’s Berwick Prize (1971) and Pólya Prize (1987), Northwestern University’s Nemmers Prize in Mathematics (1998), and the American Mathematical Society’s Leroy P. Steele Prize for Mathematical Exposition (2000). He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London (1981) and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1992).

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Edward Charles Cox

Edward “Ted” Cox, the Edwin Grant Conklin Professor of Biology, has spent forty-seven years as a member of the Princeton faculty. He earned a B.Sc. in microbiology from the University of British Columbia in 1959 and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1964. He then trained in as a postdoctoral fellow in molecular genetics at Stanford University from 1964 to 1967 before coming to Princeton as an assistant professor in 1967.

During his years at Princeton, Ted made seminal contributions in four major areas of biology: the genetics and population consequences of error rate control during DNA replication in microbial populations, the genesis of large scale spatial patterns in simple developmental systems, the development of new ways to study single molecules in microfabricated environments, and the analysis of single molecular events in living bacterial cells in real time.

One of Ted’s publications on the evolutionary consequences of high mutation rates for bacterial populations was based on the senior thesis work of Tom Gibson, Class of 1970, and it appeared in Science in 1970. At the time, it was considered by many to be radical and maybe even wrong. It turned out to be an insightful and widely quoted result showing that high mutation rates can increase, not decrease, organismal fitness. This work led to a second surprising result with Lin Chao that was published in Nature in 1983: selfish DNA elements also increase the fitness of bacterial populations. During this period, Ted began to study an ancient question—how do organisms get their shape? An important recent insight from this work, based on genetic and numerical experiments with the cellular slime molds, was the realization that coupled oscillating networks of gene products are necessary and sufficient to explain large-scale interaction between individual cells as they form a developmental structure.

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Ted’s colleague, Bob Austin, realized sometime in the ’90s that microfabricated arrays of posts etched into the surface of silicon chips could be used to study the dynamics of single DNA molecules in confined environments. Ted began a long-term collaboration with him using this new experimental paradigm. This work revealed, among other things, that when DNA binding proteins find their target on single DNA molecules, they do so in a very heterogeneous fashion, contrary to the received wisdom from classical biochemical measurements. It seemed clear to Ted from this research that there might also be surprises if single molecules could be imaged and followed in real time in living cells. In a series of influential and widely quoted papers with Ido Golding and Tom Kuhlman, he discovered that both protein and nucleic acid molecules are synthesized in a highly stochastic fashion in live bacterial cells. Moreover, by following individual molecules, it became apparent that the cellular environment behaves very much like a classical maze, with many blind alleys and pockets.

In addition to his scholarship, Ted served the University as associate dean of the college from 1972 to 1977, with a stint as acting dean in 1975. He followed that assignment by serving as chair of the Department of Biology from 1977 to 1987, during which he recruited many of the leading members of today’s ecology and evolutionary biology and molecular biology departments.

Ted also was an accomplished teacher. He designed and taught introductory biology courses for many years. Most recently, MOL 215, “Quantitative Principles in Cell and Molecular Biology,” was much appreciated by freshmen and sophomores across the University.

Ted contributed broadly to the Princeton community as a scholar, mentor, and academic leader. He always was quick to share his insights, friendship, and wry sense of humor.

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Frederick Lewis Dryer

Fred Dryer, a distinguished scholar in the field of energy conversion with a particular interest in the chemistry of combustion and the chemical kinetics of fuels and other materials, has been part of the Princeton community for more than forty-five years. He received his bachelor’s degree in aeronautical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1966 and a Ph.D. degree in aerospace and mechanical sciences from Princeton University in 1972. He served on the professional research staff in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from 1971 to 1981, before joining the tenured faculty in 1981, becoming a full professor in 1983. His manifold contributions to the science of combustion helped establish Princeton as the premier center for combustion research in the world, and his students carry on his legacy in universities and research centers throughout the world.

Fred’s work has always had substantial practical consequences. His research on the chemistry and chemical kinetics of fuels and hazardous waste materials has contributed to the understanding of ignition and combustion, and emissions generation and abatement, while his studies of fuel droplet formation and ignition bear on heavy industrial fuel combustion and emission control. His expertise in fire-safety-related issues has been widely recognized, and his discoveries on particle burning phenomena have important influences on materials processing. Since 1981, his collaborations with NASA have led to fundamental experiments on isolated droplet burning in low-gravity environments in drop tower, two NASA space shuttle glove box experiments, three shuttle compartment experiments, and, most recently, a continuing experimental effort onboard the International Space Station. The experiments and modeling tools developed by his group have contributed new understanding of the fundamental diffusion flame properties of model and real fuels, and to the advancement of fire safety criteria for low-gravity applications.

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His publications span a wide range of environmental subjects, especially on hydrocarbon emissions from internal combustion engines, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutant interactions in high-performance gas turbines, and emissions interactions in energy conversion, chemical processing, and incineration. Most recently, his efforts have advanced new approaches for screening renewable alternative fuel candidates for transportation applications. His work has always been marked by the pursuit of both experimental and numerical approaches, which allows fundamental laboratory studies to be immediately incorporated into combustion models and applications development. As he joins the emeritus faculty, Fred’s continuing interests in fundamental research and technology transfer include energy conversion efficiency improvements, emission abatement, non-petroleum-derived alternative fuels, fire safety, particle burning phenomena, and nano-catalytic materials.

Fred’s work has been vital for producing models of combustion, and his detailed analysis of the kinetics of combustion processes has allowed others to make great progress in computational design and modeling of combustion energy conversion devices. His work has become even more important with time, as national priorities have emphasized the need for alternative fuels, higher efficiency, and lower environmental impact of energy conversion. Fred contributed invited plenary contributions to the International Proceedings of the Combustion Institute in 1976 and 1981, and he has been invited to present another plenary in 2015. In 2000, he and his coauthors received the Silver Medal of the Combustion Institute for contributions to understanding metal combustion. He received the Institute’s Alfred C. Egerton Gold Medal in 2012 for his contributions to combustion kinetics.

In addition, Fred has been widely sought after as a member of government advisory panels, as a consultant to industry, and as a journal editor and organizer of conferences. Fred’s services on advisory committees include efforts for the National Materials Advisory Board/National Research Council (five times), NASA, Department of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Army Research Office, and National Institute of Standards and Technology. He is a former associate editor and editorial board member of Combustion Science

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and Technology, coeditor for the Proceedings of the 26th and 27th International Symposiums on Combustion, and a former editorial board member of the International Journal of Chemical Kinetics and of Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. He is a member of the Combustion Institute, the American Chemical Society, and the National Fire Protection Association, and he is a fellow of both the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Society of Automotive Engineers, and an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

Over the years, he has mentored more than forty graduate M.S.E. and Ph.D. students, fourteen postdoctoral research associates and seven professional research staff. Fred has served as an ASME faculty adviser, taken the lead in a number of ABET accreditations, and has always been an outstanding teacher. Fred served as the undergraduate departmental representative from 1984 to 1987, and as associate dean of academic affairs for the School of Engineering and Applied Science from 1987 to 1990. We look forward to enjoying Fred’s continuing contributions and collegial fellowship.

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Thomas Jeffrey Espenshade

Thomas J. Espenshade, professor of sociology and faculty as-sociate in the Office of Population Research (OPR), is retiring after twenty-five years of teaching and research at Princeton.

Tom came to the profession after having first trained to become a high school mathematics teacher. That experience, coupled with the ongoing military draft of the Vietnam War, led him to enroll in Princeton’s Ph.D. program in economics in 1966. Despite the fact that social demography eventually became his disciplinary home, Tom declined a fellowship in the field at the University of Michigan because he didn’t know what “demography” was. Expecting to focus on mathematical economics at Princeton, he discovered demography somewhat accidentally through a course from Ansley Coale and immediately fell in love with the subject. His dissertation concerned estimates of parental expenditures on children in urban United States, and he received his Ph.D. in 1972.

Tom is a gifted teacher, and he assumed he would spend his pro-fessional life at a small liberal arts college much like his alma mater, the College of Wooster. But fortune intervened, and he was invited by Kingsley Davis to do a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California–Berkeley. That experience raised his sights beyond a small-college setting to an environment where he could combine research and teaching.

Nevertheless, he began his career at Bowdoin College, but then spent most of the 1970s at Florida State University. Prior to coming to Princeton, he also taught at Brown University. Along the way, Tom acquired an interest in policy research, and he spent several years at the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C., and a summer at the U.S. Immi-gration and Naturalization Service. Eventually, he landed in Princeton’s sociology department and OPR, where he has been since 1988.

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Over the course of his career, Tom has re-invented himself as a scholar every decade or so. He began working on family and house-hold demography, and his early research on the cost of raising chil-dren became the basis for uniform guidelines for child support en-forcement in the United States. Later work focused on contemporary immigration to the United States. During this phase of his career, Tom developed models and numerical estimates of the flow of undocu-mented migrants across the Mexico-U.S. border, and created a meth-odology for the first comprehensive state-level estimates of the fiscal impacts of U.S. immigrants.

Tom has also worked in the area of formal or mathematical de-mography. Research he did as a graduate student on the historical fer-tility patterns of Old Order Amish in Pennsylvania contributed to the development of model fertility schedules at Princeton’s OPR. While at the Urban Institute, he extended work on multiregional demography and applied these models to retrospective marital history data to esti-mate how much time black and white women spend in various marital statuses over their lifetimes. More recently he has been working on population momentum with graduate students at OPR, examining how momentum fluctuates across the demographic transition and incorporating migration into population momentum models.

During the past decade, Tom has become a leading figure in the sociology of education, with a special concentration on diversity in higher education and more recently on early childhood cognitive development. His prize-winning book, No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life, published by Princeton University Press in 2009, has become a much-cited work in the ongoing discussion of affirmative action and assur-ing access to higher education.

Alongside his immense scholarly output (more than 150 articles and 13 monographs), Tom has been a fantastic mentor and teacher for many cohorts of students and postdocs. His service and devotion to Princeton are second to none. He has served as the departmental representative and chair of the sociology department, as well as the director of graduate studies of OPR.

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Tom assures his students and colleagues that his “retirement” will be in name only. He will keep his assiduous formal schedule but be able to spend more time on collaborating with his dedicated gradu-ate students. This involves continuing work on the early origins of learning gaps among pre-school children and how race and social class structure these gaps.

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Jacques Robert Fresco

Jacques Fresco, the Damon B. Pfeiffer Professor in the Life Sciences and a member of the molecular biology department, has spent fifty-three years on the Princeton faculty. Jacques was a pioneer in the biochemistry of nucleic acids. He received his B.A. in biology and chemistry, M.S. in biology, and Ph.D. in biochemistry, all from New York University. From 1952 to 1954, he did postdoctoral work in nucleic acids at Sloan-Kettering Institute; he then worked as a research fellow and tutor in biochemical sciences in the Department of Chemistry at Harvard University from 1956 to 1960. He came to Princeton in 1960 as an assistant professor.

In 1961, the spectacular successes of biochemistry and molecular biology led to the formation of the Program in Biochemical Sciences. Jacques and Arthur Pardee were the first appointees. Soon thereafter, a new biochemical sciences department was created, and Pardee was the first chairman, followed by Charles Gilvarg, Bruce Alberts, and then Jacques, from 1974 to 1980. The Department of Molecular Biology was created in 1984 and Jacques soon moved to that department.

In the course of his research, Jacques has published 167 papers, abstracts, and patents. His recent work has focused in several areas of DNA biochemistry, including gene repair for sickle cell anemia; fluorescent cytogenetic probes for genes that are amplified in cancers; self-catalytic site-specific G depurination in genes; and the evolution of the genetic code. He has continued to work on triple-stranded nucleic acid helices that can form under special conditions, and he is working to apply triple-strand technology to the correction of the single base-pair mutation in sickle cell anemia. His new findings on self-catalytic, site-specific depurination were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

Jacques received the American Scientist Writing award in 1962, a Guggenheim fellowship to the Medical Research Council Laboratory

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of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, in 1969, a visiting professorship at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1973, and M.D. honoris causa from University of Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1979. He was a visiting scientist at the Weizmann Institute in 1994, and a visiting scientist in several institutions in 2006.

Jacques also has been continuously active in research and training students. Recently, he taught MOL 458, “Chemistry and Structure and Structure-Function Relations of Nucleic Acids,” a subject he knows extremely well. Students find Jacques a remarkable source of historical perspective. He has a stellar track record in training undergraduates and is a wonderful one-on-one mentor.

Jacques is known for his attention to detail, his strong and measured voice at faculty meetings, and his passion for research. One cannot pass by Jacques in the hall without him catching your eye, smiling, and remarking with excitement about the new ideas that are coming from his laboratory.

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Charles Gordon Gross

Charlie Gross is retiring this year after forty-three years on the faculty of the psychology department. With his pioneering research on the primate visual system, Charlie revolutionized our understanding of sensory processing and pattern recognition. His work was foundational to the field of cognitive neuroscience.

Charlie was born in Brooklyn, New York, on February 29, 1936, of Communist intellectuals. His elementary school experience was a disaster, inducing hyperactivity and attention disorder. His frustrated academic drive was channeled into earning Boy Scout merit badges, making him the youngest Eagle Scout in Brooklyn. At Erasmus Hall High School, a large heterogeneous school, he fell in with a group of very smart students, which transformed him into a good student. He was a finalist in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search for a project in ecology—plant succession—a natural choice of topic because he had spent every summer up to that point camping with his parents on an island in Lake George, New York.

At about the time that Charlie’s father began to lose teaching jobs because of his politics, Charlie went off to Harvard University. He would have liked to major in history but soon found that his politics were inconsistent with getting As, so he majored in biology. As a freshman, he took a graduate seminar in the history of biology with I. Bernard Cohen, and this subject has continued to be a major interest. He also took physiological psychology with Phil Teitelbaum, history of psychology with E. G. Boring, and “Skinner” with B. F. Skinner, all of which had profound and permanent effects on him. Charlie researched bird navigation and published his first scientific paper with Don Griffin, codiscoverer of bat echolocation and one of the great experimental naturalists of our time. As a senior, Charlie was admitted to Harvard Medical School and was awarded graduate fellowships from the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation

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in biology. To avoid choosing, he postponed them all and accepted a Fulbright scholarship to study ethology at University of Cambridge from 1957 to 1959 (to England because he spoke no foreign languages, and in ethology because that was only done at that time at Cambridge and the University of Oxford, and they seemed like fun places to go; they were).

At Cambridge, Charlie wandered around for about six months, rowing on the Jesus College crew (his first organized sports activity and the last until he ran the New York City marathon in 1990), luxuriating in the political freedom that was lacking in McCarthyite America. Eventually, he ended up as Larry Weiskrantz’s graduate student in psychology. Life was fun; there were no classes or exams, only a thesis. He coauthored pre-thesis papers on such things as taste, peripheral vision, hippocampal and frontal cortex stimulation (the subject of his first paper for Science), tranquillizers, and the academic record of members of the Royal Society (his first paper for Nature), and he wrote pop science articles and film and book reviews for student and local publications.

Later, Charlie was a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1961 under Hans-Lukas Teuber, who was organizing the first neuroscience department in the world. At MIT, Charlie abandoned the study of the frontal lobe and turned instead to the inferior temporal cortex. Inferior temporal (IT) cortex was known to be important for visual learning and memory; it was usually considered a “learning and memory” structure rather than a “visual structure.” Charlie and his colleague Peter Schiller began single neuron recording studies on the IT cortex and discovered that IT neurons were exclusively visual, whereas superior temporal ones seemed to be auditory. In most of these experiments, the animals were anesthetized, but some involved unanesthetized ones. The results from awake animals were puzzling, suggesting that perhaps the cells had foveal receptive fields and were modulated by attention and memory.

In 1965, Charlie moved to the Department of Psychology at Harvard, where he and his colleagues made several new discoveries about IT neurons: these cells had large receptive fields that included

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the fovea, were not retinotopically organized, and responded to complex stimuli much more than to spots, slits, or edges. A few responded best to faces, and a very few to hands. Although these discoveries represented a radical departure from conventional wisdom, several factors may have sensitized Charlie and his colleagues to make them. First, the researchers had been studying the effects of IT lesions on visual discrimination and knew the more complex the discriminanda, the greater the effect of the lesions. Second, Charlie had visited the Polish neuroscientist Jerzy Konorski, who had postulated the existence of “gnostic neurons,” such as ones selective for faces, facial expressions, body parts, simple objects, and scenes, and suggested they would be found in the IT cortex. Third, Teuber was constantly telling stories about prosopagnosia (an inability to recognize faces) after temporal lesions. Fourth, Charlie’s lab was in the same building as that of Jerry Lettvin, who was studying bug detectors in the frog and who invented the term grandmother cell. Finally, they were working near David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel, who had just published on hypercomplex cells and had suggested that cells with even more complex properties would be found in other areas. Apparently, nobody much believed the IT neuron story until it was replicated starting twelve years later by an increasing number of groups in the United States and abroad. However, the prolonged disbelief seemed to have no deleterious effect on Charlie’s getting grants or, in 1970, a job at Princeton.

Throughout his adult career, Charlie has been extraordinarily fortunate in three main ways. The most important was the truly great collection of graduate students, postdocs, and research technicians who found their way to his lab. They made research, teaching, writing, and, in the early days, staying up all night an unalloyed joy. They were, and still are, loyal, hardworking, and enthusiastic colleagues. Goat and pig roasts in Charlie’s backyard, canoe trips, hikes, and stormy lab meetings tied their lives together. Charlie likes to boast that they went on to well-rewarded careers, often receiving awards, memberships in honor societies like the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as professorial chairs and administrative and editorial positions. Charlie has also been fortunate

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in his association with the enthusiastic MIT, Harvard, and Princeton undergraduates who have worked with him, many of whom have gone on to distinguished neuroscience careers. Finally, the institutions he has taught at and those that supported his research continue to give him the opportunity to travel, take photographs, and lecture all over the world.

Adapted from: “Charles C. Gross, Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution [Biography],” American Psychologist, 2005, 60, No. 8: 753-755.

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András Peter Hámori

András P. Hámori, the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Near Eastern Studies, joined the Princeton faculty forty-six years ago. He was born and raised in Budapest and began the study of Arabic and Persian at the University of Vienna in 1958. After moving to the United States, he received his A.B. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton and Harvard University, respectively—the latter never nudging the former from first place in his affections.

András is considered one of the deans of the field of classical Arabic literature. His distinction arises from the confluence of two traditions of scholarship.

The first is a commitment to linguistic excellence in the best tradition of Central European scholarship. In András’s case this means that he has achieved a mastery of classical Arabic as a language of high culture—a culture that emphasized its social elevation by developing styles of prose and poetry so difficult that only the highly educated were at home with them. That András has attained this level of philological expertise in classical Arabic reflects his extraordinary linguistic talent.

The second foundation of András’s distinction is that he is thoroughly at home in Western traditions of literary criticism, particularly as applied to the study of medieval European literature. He has a remarkable understanding of these ever-changing theoretical approaches, with their subtlety and insight on the one hand, and their sound and fury on the other; they are, of course, yet another European tradition of scholarship, though more French than German in origin and inspiration.

The core of András’s contribution to the study of medieval Arabic literature lies in the brilliance and originality with which he has brought together these two streams of scholarship, philological and literary, in the context of medieval Arabic literature.

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András’s pioneering book, On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature, was published in 1974. One reviewer described the book as explaining the “alien aesthetic phenomena” of Arabic poetry “in terms familiar to a Western reader,” and gave it high marks as “the only accessible introduction to the field, the only one that gives the nonspecialist reader the sense of what the Arabic texts feel like.”

Andras’s second book, The Composition of Mutanabb’s Panegyrics to Sayf al-Dawla (1992), also received high praise, being called “a milestone in the study and analysis of Classical Arabic poetry.”

Over the years, András has written about topics in Arabic and, to a lesser extent, Hebrew literature. These include composition and meaning in classical Arabic poetry, the Arabic background of some Hebrew poems from medieval Spain, the serious and comic representations of manners in medieval Arabic narratives, the nineteenth-century Arabic translation of the Iliad, modern jihadist poetry, the concepts of shame and prudence in an eighth-century mirror for princes, aspects of the Thousand and One Nights, and the metamorphosis of a Mediterranean legend into the sober classical Arabic anecdote about the young woman of good family whose favorite pastime is to dig up graves and add the shrouds to her extensive collection.

András will long be remembered for his highly sophisticated scholarship, and as a devoted teacher, mentor and university citizen. He served as chair of the Department of Near Eastern Studies from 1997 to 2005. Pleased to leave professoring to his daughter, he hopes to take more walks with his wife Ruth in their favorite place, the desert Southwest, and to improve his vibrato on the cello.

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Marie-Hélène Huet

Marie-Hélène Huet, M. Taylor Pyne Professor of French and Italian and previous chair of the department, is retiring after fourteen years at Princeton.

Marie-Hélène has encouraged generations of students thanks to her brilliant scholarship and wonderful sense of humor, inspiring an enduring love of French literature and culture at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. Her courses on eighteenth-century and early-nineteenth-century thought and literature, as well as courses on representations of history are always stimulating successes. Like her publications, her graduate seminars—ranging across topics including critical theory, Rousseau, Diderot, literature and revolution, and the works of Michel Foucault—inevitably prove incisive deliberations upon the state of the field.

In her outstanding and prolific range of publications, Marie-Hélène has produced important works on Jules Verne, the French Revolution, the monstrous in the French Enlightenment imaginary, and, most recently, the culture of disaster. She received the Harry Levin prize in comparative literature for her book Monstrous Imagination, published by Harvard University Press in 1993. Her articles have appeared in French and American journals including Littérature, Revue des Sciences Humaines, Critical Inquiry, Representations, Diacritics, and the Yale French Review. She has also established the critical edition of Verne’s Ile mystérieuse for its prestigious Pléiade collection. Her fascinating and highly original books are at once erudite, elegant, and exciting interventions in the study of the cultural, political, and philosophical legacy of the Enlightenment.

Born in France, Marie-Hélène received her doctorate from the University of Bordeaux. She taught at the University of California–Berkeley from 1968 to 1985, chairing the French department from

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1982 to 1985. Subsequently, she taught at Amherst College from 1985 to 1995. In addition, she has held visiting positions at the University of Colorado–Boulder and the University of Virginia. From 1996 to 1999, Marie-Hélène was the Frederick G. L. Huetwell Professor of French at the University of Michigan.

Among her many honors, Marie-Hélène Huet has been the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and a Rockefeller Residential Fellowship at Bellagio. She was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies at the University of Virginia in 1993. In 2010, she was awarded the title of Officier dans l’Ordre des Palmes Académiques by the French government for her contributions to culture and the arts. Marie-Hélène’s good cheer, collegiality, and sense of humor will be sorely missed in the department. Together with her husband, Jay Caplan, we wish them many joyous and productive years to come.

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Morton Daniel Kostin

Morton Kostin will transfer to emeritus status on July 1, 2013, following forty-nine years on the regular faculty in Princeton’s Department of Chemical Engineering, known as the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (or CBE) since 2010. Mort spent his entire faculty career at Princeton, and holds the distinction of longest service by a regular faculty member in the CBE department’s history, having educated literally generations of Princeton students.

Born in Chicago in 1936, Mort received his bachelor’s degree from the Cooper Union and his master’s and doctoral degrees from Harvard University. He joined Princeton as a research associate, later becoming a Sloan Postdoctoral Fellow and a visiting lecturer. He was appointed as assistant professor on July 1, 1964, promoted to associate professor in 1968, and promoted to professor in 1976. Mort’s longstanding research interests have been in chemical kinetics, particularly in deriving fundamental equations that underpin the observed rates of chemical reactions. A special interest was in understanding the rates of chemical reactions when the reactants were not near thermal equilibrium, so-called “hot atoms” (or molecules).

Today, Mort is perhaps best known to Princeton students as an instructor in MAE 305/CBE 305/EGR 305, “Mathematics in Engineering I,” our foundational course in differential equations. This course, required for CBE and mechanical and aerospace engineering concentrators, also draws students from other engineering and natural science departments and frequently has enrollments in triple digits, which few other courses in engineering can boast. Mort also frequently taught undergraduate courses in thermodynamics, graduate courses in thermodynamics and applied mathematics, and graduate elective courses in his specialty areas of numerical methods and in the applications of quantum theory.

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To his colleagues in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Mort’s long service and sharp memory provide an almost encyclopedic knowledge of past procedures, dating back over the tenure of eight department chairs. His unflagging pursuit of a generalization of transition state theory, on which one could often find him working on weekends and evenings, has been legendary. We wish Mort the best in his retirement.

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Heath W. Lowry

Heath W. Lowry, the Atatürk Professor of Ottoman and Modern Turkish Studies, has been a member of the Princeton faculty for twenty years. Prior to that time he was a founding member of the history department at Bosphorus University in Istanbul, Turkey, from 1973 to 1980 and a senior research associate at Harvard University’s Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C., from 1980 to 1983. Between 1983 and 1993, he established and directed the Institute of Turkish Studies in Washington, D.C. Currently, together with his position at Princeton University, he serves as an adviser to the chair of the Board of Trustees of Bahçeşehir University in Istanbul.

Heath began his “ongoing affair” with Turkey as a Peace Corps volunteer in a small Turkish village in the mid-1960s, and since then he has worked on different aspects of Turkish history and culture. He is one of the rare American historians with a superb command of colloquial Turkish and a mastery of different Ottoman scripts used between the fifteenth and twentieth centuries. As a result, Heath has produced highly original works based upon source material ranging from tax records and censuses to poetry and mosque inscriptions. The fields that he has studied include institutional, urban, cultural, economic, architectural, and diplomatic histories. Heath has researched and written about the entire chronological scope of Ottoman and modern Turkish history.

Heath is a renowned scholar and prolific author. His earlier books include: Trabzon Şehrinin İslamlaşma ve Türkleşmesi, 1481–1583 (1981) and its English edition, The Islamization and Turkification of Trabzon (Trebizond), 1461–1583 (2009); The Story Behind Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story (1990); Studies in Defterology: Ottoman Society in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (1992); Fifteenth Century Ottoman

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Realities: Christian Peasant Life on the Aegean Island of Limnos (2002); Ottoman Bursa in Travel Accounts (2003); The Nature of the Early Ottoman State (2003); Defterology Revisited: Studies on 15th and 16th Century Ottoman Society (2008); and An Ongoing Affair: Turkey and I (2008).

His most recent works, all of which have been published by Bahçeşehir University, include: The Shaping of the Ottoman Balkans, 1350–1550: Conquest, Settlement, and Infrastructural Development of Northern Greece (2008); The Evrenos Dynasty of Yenice Vardar (Giannitsa) (2008); In the Footsteps of the Ottomans: A Search for Sacred Spaces and Architectural Monuments in Northern Greece (2009); Ottoman Architecture in Greece (2009); The Evrenos Dynasty of Yenice-i Vardar: Notes and Documents (2010); The Evrenos Family and the City of Selânik (2010); Historical Vestiges of Niyâzî Mısrî’s Presence on the Island of Limnos (2011); Remembering One’s Roots: Mehmed Ali Paşa of Egypt’s Links to the Macedonian Town of Kavala (2011); Clarence K. Streit’s The Unknown Turks: Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Nationalist Ankara and Daily Life in Anatolia (2011); Hersekzāde Ahmed Paşa: An Ottoman Statesman’s Career and Pious Endowments (2011); In the Footsteps of Evliyâ Çelebi: The Seyahatnâme as Guidebook (2012); and Fourteenth Century Ottoman Realities: In Search of Hâcı-Gâzî Evrenos (2012).

Since May 2010, Heath has been a distinguished visiting professor at Bahçeşehir University, where he serves as the coordinator of the program in early Ottoman history.

In his retirement, Heath is planning to write more books on Ottoman history and architecture, to establish a major research center for early Ottoman studies in Istanbul, and to enjoy the Turkish way of life as he continues his ongoing affair with Turkey.

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Richard Bryant Miles

Dick Miles is an expert in hypersonics and advanced laser diagnostics, and his research has focused on the use of lasers, electron beams, microwaves, morphing materials, and magnetic devices to observe, control, accelerate, extract power, and precondition gas flows for supersonic and hypersonic fluid dynamics, diagnostics, and propulsion applications.

Dick was born in Washington, D.C., grew up in Orinda, California, and did his undergraduate and graduate study at Stanford University, where he received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 1972 under the guidance of Steve Harris. For his last three years at Stanford, he was a Hertz Foundation fellow. He joined the Princeton faculty in 1972, received tenure in 1978, and became a full professor in 1982. From 1980 until 1996, he served as chair of the engineering physics program. He has been the Robert Porter Patterson Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering since 2011. Dick’s arrival at Princeton marked the establishment of the applied physics group within the department, and his career has been intimately associated with the success of that group. The applied physics group, although always small, has given the department a unique advantage over many other institutions, particularly in developing and applying advanced diagnostic techniques, new laser technologies, and plasma devices to research problems with applications relevant to mechanical and aerospace engineering.

Dick’s research program includes the development of new plasma and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes for hypersonic applications, new laser sources and detection methods, and the application of these technologies through linear and nonlinear optical interactions to characterize gas mixtures, plasmas, and flow phenomena. One of his most important contributions was the

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development of the radiatively driven hypersonic wind tunnel together with Garry Brown. This led to a large-scale, multi-institutional test program that demonstrated the potential for high-power, electron-beam-driven hypersonic ground test facilities for high Mach number testing. This concept provided for the first time a solution to the Mach 8 high-speed limit on classical air simulation test facilities. He has also been a principal proponent and innovator in the plasma aerodynamic control of reentry vehicles, and the MHD and plasma-enhanced hypersonic air breathing vehicles.

He and his research group are recognized for inventing a wide variety of new diagnostics, including planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) for imaging of high-speed flows, angularly resolved coherent Raman scattering (ARCS) for species measurement, Raman excitation plus laser-induced electronic fluorescence (RELIEF) and femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) for velocity imaging by molecular tagging in air, and photo-activated nonintrusive tracking of molecular motion (PHANTOMM) for velocity imaging by molecular tagging in water. They have also developed filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) for imaging velocity, temperature, density, and flow structure; coherent Rayleigh Brillouin scattering (CRBS) for point temperature measurements in gases and weakly ionized plasmas; Radar Resonant Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization (REMPI) for point measurements of species; and the application of atomic and molecular filters for species and temperature imaging. He has developed strong collaborations with the Boeing Company, Lockheed Martin, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, General Electric, Teledyne, and numerous small companies through Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfor efforts.

One of Dick’s most recent efforts may help to revolutionize the standoff detection of land mines and other explosive devices as well as atmospheric contaminants. To find and identify such materials at a distance, Dick has proposed using a laser to sample the spectroscopic fingerprints of the trace gases emitted by the explosive material. Two complementary techniques are used to probe that volume: one involving a backward-propagating laser generated in the air sample

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itself, and the other a radar echo off ions and electrons from trace gas molecules that have been selectively ionized by a laser. The results are very promising, and, if successful, will have a major impact. Any device capable of sniffing explosives at a distance could also monitor all sorts of peacetime poisons and pollutants—carbon monoxide, mercury vapor, the oxides of nitrogen and of sulfur, and of course carbon dioxide and methane.

Dick is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He serves on the Board of Directors for the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation, the Board of Directors of Precision Optics Corporation, and the Board of Trustees of Pacific University in Forest Grove, Oregon. He continues to serves as a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Plasmadynamics and Lasers Technical Committee. He is also the Princeton Representative of the New Jersey Space Grant Consortium, and adviser to the Princeton Student Chapter of the AIAA. He serves as a representative for the AIAA on the Elmer A. Sperry Board of Award and was chair of that board from 2009 until this past December. He is the founder of Plasma TEC Inc. In recognition of his many contributions to the aerospace community, he received the AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Award for 2012, and the AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology Award for 2000.

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Chiara Rosanna Nappi

Chiara Nappi is a theoretical physicist who has made important contributions to a broad range of problems in modern particle theory. She served as senior research physicist at Princeton from 1983 to 1988, was a long-term member of the Institute for Advanced Study from 1988 to 2001, and was appointed professor of physics at Princeton in 2001. She has been a valued member of the Princeton theoretical physics community for thirty years and, in her years as a Princeton faculty member, a powerful and outspoken advocate for improving the educational and social experience of physics students.

Chiara was born and raised in Italy, doing her post high school studies at the University of Naples, where she received her Ph.D. in 1976. Her early scientific work was devoted to the use of rigorous methods to derive exact results for statistical mechanical models, such as the Ising model of spins on a two-dimensional lattice. After moving to the United States for a postdoctoral position at Harvard University, her interests began to evolve away from rigorous mathematical physics toward the more conceptual concerns of particle physics. This change of approach came to its full flowering after she moved to Princeton in 1980 for a position as member in the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study.

The topics in particle theory that she addressed, and often signifi-cantly illuminated, during her Princeton career include string theory, the Skyrmion approach to quantum chromodynamics baryons, quan-tum black hole physics, and supersymmetric phenomenolgy. Her work on the Skyrme soliton showed that the picture of baryons as solitons of chiral lagrangians was quantitatively accurate at the 10 percent level for a wide variety of static and dynamic properties. This was influen-tial and widely cited work that inspired a host of other workers. She performed studies of sigma model beta functions in type-I superstring

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theory that illuminated many important physical questions in string theory and pioneered the boundary state method for open string theory in nontrivial spacetime backgrounds. This work foreshadowed, and was ultimately quite useful in, the D-brane revolution in our understanding of string theory that occurred in the 1990s. She has made valuable contributions to many other areas of string theory, such as exact conformal field theory representations of curved spacetimes, string theory models of black hole physics and understanding how string theory resolves the famous inconsistencies, inherent in standard quantum field theory, of interacting higher-spin massive particles.

It should be noted that Chiara’s importance to the local theoreti-cal physics scene over the years went way beyond her specific scientific contributions: by virtue of her enthusiastic and engaging personality, she was a “sparkplug” of activity, with a knack for getting the best out of students and bringing senior colleagues together. When she became a member of the Princeton physics faculty, successive department chairs, having noted this aspect of her personality, exploited it by putting her in charge of student welfare in the department. After a few years as direc-tor of graduate studies, she became the quasi-permanent departmental representative, in which position she did more than any dep rep in memory to excite student enthusiasm for the physics major. A charac-teristic example of her approach was her “physics tour” for sophomores interested in the department: she somehow raised the money, did the organization, and took the time to shepherd two dozen sophomores on a between-semesters tour of “cool” physics sites in California (including a night of observing at the Mount Wilson telescope). It will be difficult to duplicate the level of energy and flair that Chiara regularly invested in the care and feeding of our students.

Chiara was intensely interested in physics education in general and wrote articles in English and Italian publications about science education for the young. As a parent, this concern led her to run for, and be elected to, the board of the Princeton school system, where she served for half a dozen years in the 1990s, arguing for higher aca-demic standards in our local schools. As a successful woman in phys-ics, she was also very concerned with understanding why advanced

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education in physics is, especially in the United States, less attractive to women than other scientific fields. In addition to writing about her observations on this subject, she also founded a summer school, called Prospects in Theoretical Physics, which aims to motivate women (and other theoretical physics minorities) to persevere in their advanced studies in theoretical physics. Characteristically, having seen a prob-lem that concerned her deeply, Chiara was willing to devote time and energy to a practical contribution to its solution.

In summary, Chiara’s contributions to Princeton as an intellectual community and as an educational enterprise were many and valu-able. She was a wonderful, colorful departmental colleague, generous with her time and enthusiasm for colleagues and students alike. The department will miss her day-to-day presence now that she has transi-tioned to emerita status, but we wish her well and hope that enjoying her grandchildren will not preclude staying in close touch with the many old colleagues who consider her one of their best friends.

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Susan Naquin

Susan Naquin, professor of history and East Asian studies, retires from the Princeton faculty after twenty years of distinguished service. She is an eminent historian of late imperial China, and her scholarship has set a new standard of analytical rigor and methodological originality for her field.

After completing her undergraduate studies at Stanford University in 1966, Sue spent a year in Taiwan studying Chinese. She received her Ph.D. from Yale University in 1974. She taught at the University of Pennsylvania for seventeen years before coming to Princeton in 1993.

Sue was among the first historians from abroad to conduct research in the Qing archives, both in Taipei and Beijing. Her first book, Millenarian Rebellion in China: The Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813 (1976), made masterful use of interrogations of captured rebels to tell the story of a group of millenarians, who coordinated uprisings in three provinces and launched a daring attack on the imperial palace. More than thirty years after its original publication, it remains a classic and a must-read for aspiring historians of China. Shantung Rebellion: The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774 (1981) continued the investigation of popular rebellion, with the absorbing history of a charismatic leader and his communities of followers in North China. Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400-1900 (2000) was a magisterial exploration of religious institutions and material culture in the capital city. With unparalleled depth of empirical research and analysis, she showed how Peking and its temples facilitated the vibrant cultural, religious, and economic life of Ming and Qing China. With Evelyn Rawski, she also coauthored Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century (1987), and with Chün-fang Yü, Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China (1992), an important conference volume.

The many honors that Sue has received in her career include the Award for Scholarly Distinction from the American Historical

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Association, and fellowships from the Fulbright-Hays Program, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, and the American Council of Learned Societies. As editorial board member of several major journals, she has been an active contributor to the field.

At Princeton, Sue served as chair of the East Asian studies department from 2001 to 2005, and as acting chair in 2007-08. She has been instrumental in fostering the study of East Asia across the University, advising students from many different departments. Sue’s directness, generosity, and skepticism of received wisdom are legendary on campus. The long queue of students regularly waiting outside her office to seek her counsel testifies to an abiding commitment to teaching and mentoring. In weekly writing workshops, Sue has helped several generations of graduate students improve their prose and arguments. For her exceptional devotion to graduate teaching, she received the Graduate Mentoring Award in 2009. She has been a valued colleague, to whom all turn for advice, knowing that “Sue is usually right.” Those who have benefitted from her searching criticisms and unwavering support are too many to enumerate. In her next act as professor emerita, we are fortunate to know that we can continue to rely on her as the fount of sensible advice and model for scholarship.

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Edward Nelson

Edward Nelson is a mathematician whose work has again and again opened new vistas on a remarkable range of subjects. He began his career as a probabilist and analyst, and he is currently working on logic and foundations. In between, Ed has done fundamental work on mathematical physics and, in an earlier phase of his work on logic, he developed internal set theory, a radically different approach to non-standard analysis. His work continues to evolve and retirement will bring no change to this.

Ed’s work is widely recognized for the vistas it has opened: in 1995, he won the Steele Prize for research of seminal importance, recognizing his contributions to constructive quantum field theory in the late ’60s and early ’70s. He has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1975 and the National Academy of Sciences since 1997.

Ed was born May 4, 1932, in Decatur, Georgia, and spent his early childhood, through first grade, in Rome, Italy, where his father worked for the Italian YMCA. He returned to the United States at the advent of the Second World War and later attended high school at the Bronx High School of Science, and then the Liceo Scientifico Giovanni Verga in Rome.

Ed wrote his dissertation at the University of Chicago, where he was a student of Irving Segal. His initial research focus was analysis and probability. His graduate studies took place at the time of the Korean War, and Ed, whose deep religious beliefs are fundamental to his nature, was a conscientious objector. He worked for two years at Methodist Hospitals in Gary, Indiana.

His first mathematical appointment was at the Institute for Advanced Study as an National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellow. Three years later, he joined the Princeton faculty as an assistant professor. He was promoted to associate professor in 1962, and then

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to full professor in 1964. Though Segal was very active in developing mathematics for the purpose of solving fundamental physical problems, Ed did not pursue this path at Chicago, but when he got to Princeton, he attended several physics courses of Arthur Wightman and began to closely study papers of Richard Feynman and Kurt Symanzik. Ed saw clearly how to use probabilistic ideas to construct relativistic quantum fields—a problem that had eluded great efforts by other researchers. His papers began the “Euclidean revolution” and had a transformative effect on mathematical physics.

However, he soon left this field, which had quickly attracted a large and active following, and began developing his next radical idea, internal set theory, and beginning his move into logic. His starting point in this was actually drawn from his work in constructive field theory, and the beautiful thesis of his student Greg Lawler used this approach to nonstandard analysis to solve a probabilistic problem of interest in field theory. Ed gives an interesting description of the process by which he directed this thesis: he would provide Greg a conjecture, and Greg would return with a counter-example. He would then tell Greg that such-and-such could not be true, and Greg would return with a proof. The result was a beautiful thesis done in what Ed describes as “jig time.”

Ed served for a number of years as director of graduate studies, reflecting his deep commitment to graduate education. He polished four of his graduate courses into books published in the Mathematical Notes series by Princeton University Press. The books are truly marvelous but cannot capture the verve and originality of Ed’s teaching. One of the books, Tensor Analysis, based on a course he gave on differential geometry, includes a theorem that says—literally—that it is possible to park in any parking space just slightly longer than your car if you use enough iterations of the parallel parking maneuver. To do this, one would like to be able to “slide” sideways into the parking place. Ed modeled the configuration space of the car as a certain four-dimensional manifold and studied the interactions of four vector fields on this manifold, showing how “steer” and “drive” could be used to produce “wriggle” and then “slide.” It is enormously fun reading, for

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mathematicians anyhow, but it had a serious purpose as an introduction to the subject of “holonomy.” As delightful as the version in the book is, the version in class was illustrated with a toy car Ed purchased at the Woolworth’s, then on Nassau Street, for this purpose. He got a “sitting ovation” at the end of his lecture!

For Ed, however, the best and most rewarding part of teaching has been the direction of Ph.D. theses, which he did with great success: many of his students now enjoy successful and careers in an unusually wide range of fields of research. No doubt the new mathematics he will produce as professor emeritus will continue to inspire researchers in an ever-widening range of research fields.

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John Abel Pinto

With the retirement of John Pinto after twenty-five years of ser-vice, both the Department of Art and Archaeology and the University lose a professor of distinguished scholarship and international reputa-tion, inspired teaching and committed mentoring, compassionate col-legiality and utter fair-mindedness. John will be irreplaceable.

The Howard Crosby Memorial Professor of the History of Archi-tecture since 1996, John came to Princeton in 1988, after twelve years of teaching at Smith College. He received his B.A., summa cum laude, in 1970 from Harvard University, where he remained to complete his Ph.D. in 1976, with a dissertation on the eighteenth-century Italian architect Nicola Michetti. The architecture of eighteenth-century Italy, with a special focus on Rome (his childhood home), would remain central for John, yet he was capacious not only in his teaching—he anchored the departmental offerings in architectural history, including our introductory survey—but also in his scholarship, with publica-tions ranging from a book on nineteenth-century photographs of Rome and its environs to a volume on a key monument of classical antiquity, Hadrian’s Villa. Published in 1995, Hadrian’s Villa and Its Legacy was received with great praise, winning multiple prizes, including the Book of the Year Award from the American Institute of Architects and the George Wittenborn Memorial Award from the Art Libraries Society of North America. (Indeed, John has a CV full of prizes and fellowships, including a recent Guggenheim Award and multiple grants from the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.) In his most recent publication, Speaking Ruins: Piranesi, Architects, and Antiquity in Eighteenth-Century Rome (2012), which was initiated as the distinguished Jerome Lectures at the University of Michigan, John returns to his preoccupation with the afterlife of ancient Roman architecture in the post-Renaissance age.

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Commanding deep respect across the entire discipline of art his-tory, John is very highly regarded at Princeton, and nowhere more so than in his own department. No one has influenced art and archaeol-ogy more effectively than John has; he is the most valued colleague in our midst, mentoring junior faculty with great wisdom and empathy and advising senior faculty with great tact and experience. Whenever a service was required—John was acting chair for two years, associate chair for seven years, and director of graduate studies for five years—he stepped up with grace, performing each task with enormous skill. John was asked to take on the trickiest jobs, whether a senior hire or a tenure case, because we all trusted him so absolutely. Over the last decade the department passed through a generational change, and John was a consistent voice for the enlightened transformation of our curriculum and outlook alike. And he has carried this spirit of service well beyond the walls of Princeton: John was long a trustee of the American Academy in Rome as well as of the Princeton Day School, and he has served the College Art Association and the Society of Ar-chitectural Historians in a number of capacities.

What his colleagues and students most admire about John as a scholar is his equal commitment to both tradition and innovation: as an architectural historian, he cares deeply about the past, of course, especially as registered in the built environment, but he is also very forward-looking, leading the use of advanced technologies in the teaching of our discipline. Brilliant mind, consummate professional, skilled bureaucrat, inspiring teacher, warm-hearted mentor: “only John,” a recent advisee concludes, “displays all those traits.” Another adds: “With great intellectual enthusiasm, lasting care to his students, and a personal touch in conversation, Professor Pinto has demonstrat-ed that teaching is an art, an art that deserves cultivation.” We all have learned from his example, and we all will miss him sorely.

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Albert Jordy Raboteau

The year was 1982. The Baseball Hall of Fame welcomed Hank Aaron among its ranks; the final episode of the Lawrence Welk Show aired; John Updike won the Pulitzer Prize for Rabbit Is Rich; President Ronald Reagan met with both Pope John Paul II and Queen Elizabeth II; Martina Navratilova won both the French Open and Wimbledon, Cats opened on Broadway; Michael Jackson released Thriller; The New York Times’ “man of the year” was a computer; and Al Raboteau came to Princeton University, where he would stay for the remainder of his illustrious career. As a member of the religion department, Al set the bar very high for the exploration of African American religion, shaping not only the content of that exploration, but also the very structure of how to think about it. His influence on the field of African American religious history cannot be fully measured. It is just too large.

Albert Jordy Raboteau was born in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, in 1943. Three months before his birth, a white man killed his father. The man claimed self-defense and the case was never prosecuted, prompting Al’s mother, Mabel, to leave the South, taking Al and his sisters first to the Midwest and then to California. When he was four years old, his mother remarried. Royal L. Woods, an African Ameri-can former priest, who left the priesthood because of racism in the Catholic Church, would have lasting impact on Al, teaching him Latin and Greek and, in a sense, starting his intellectual journey. Excelling in his studies, Al graduated from a Franciscan high school and en-tered what is now Loyola Marymount University at age sixteen. After finishing college in 1964, Al enrolled at the University of California–Berkeley to study English, completing his M.A. in 1966. He com-pleted a degree in theology at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, two years later.

The years of intense academic training drew Al to teaching as a profession, which took him to Xavier University of Louisiana, an

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African American Catholic university in New Orleans, Louisiana, to assume his first teaching post. It was at Xavier that his desire to teach grew stronger, as did his interest in studying the cultures and religions of people of African descent. So he set his sights on Yale University, where he could study with esteemed scholar of American religion Sydney Ahlstrom, one of the first scholars to situate the black religious experience centrally within the context of the larger narrative of American religious history. Yale also had recently established an African American studies department, allowing Al to also study with the venerable John W. Blassingame, author of The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South.

It was at Yale that Al determined to make the study of black reli-gion his life’s work. He recognized that answers to questions about the religious lives of black people and the black past would be found only in careful and sensitive historical examination. He became particularly interested in the religious lives of black slaves, and after a time of ex-haustive research completed his Ph.D. studies in 1973 with a disserta-tion titled “Invisible Institution: The Origins and Conditions of Black Religion before Emancipation.”

Al stayed on at Yale after his doctoral studies to teach and to assume administrative responsibilities. He did the same at Berkeley, where he became associate professor of history and African American studies and associate dean of the College of Letters and Science. In 1982, Al accepted an invitation to come and “check out” Princeton as a visiting professor. He did so and found that he liked Princeton very much and, therefore, decided to stay. He was hired as full-time faculty member in the religion department the next year.

From the start, Al distinguished himself as a most faithful citizen of the department and the University at large. In 1987, the year he was named the Henry W. Putnam Professor of Religion, Al became chair of the religion department and served in that capacity until 1992. From 1992 to 1993 he served as dean of the Graduate School. Over the years, he has served in numerous capacities throughout the University, has given countless talks, taught hundreds of undergradu-ates, and mentored some of the finest graduate students the religion

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department has ever had. In recognition of his years of service to the University and for exemplifying the highest standards in scholar-ship, Al received the Howard T. Behrman Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities in 1998, and was awarded Princeton’s Martin Luther King Jr. Journey Award for Lifetime Service in 2006. President Shirley M. Tilghman said of him at that event that he is “a source of inspiration for all who wish to build the kind of society that Dr. King envisioned, a society in which the life of the mind and spirit propel us toward each other rather than apart, where suffering, if it must occur, is redemptive rather than destructive.”

In addition to honors bestowed upon him at Princeton, Al has been the recipient of many other awards and honors. He holds four honorary doctorates, and has received a Guggenheim fellowship and a fellow-ship from the National Endowment for the Humanities. In 2012, the University of Heidelberg conferred on him the inaugural James W. C. Pennington Award, named in honor of an African American clergyman, author, abolitionist, and pacifist to whom the University of Heidel-berg had granted an honorary degree in 1849. He has also delivered a number of distinguished lectureships, including the Cole Lectures at Vanderbilt University, the Stone Lectures at Princeton Theological Seminary, the Saint Thomas More Lectures at Yale University, and the Ingersoll and Wit lectures at Harvard Divinity School.

As a result of his scholarship, Al has authored numerous articles, essays, book chapters, and reviews in some of the most distinguished journals and anthologies in the field of American and African Ameri-can religious history.

His books include—from most recent to the first—A Sorrowful Joy: A Spiritual Journey of an African American Man in Late Twen-tieth-Century America (2002), a small volume that chronicles Al’s conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, as well as meditations on life, love, loss, and belonging; Canaan Land: A Religious History of African Americans (2001) and African American Religion: Inter-pretative Essays in History and Culture (1996, with Timothy Fulop) highlight Al’s expert analysis of the history and historiography of African American religion. In Fire in the Bones: Reflections on African

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American Religious History (1996), Al masterfully integrated personal testimony with historical reflection.

It is for his first book, however, that Al Raboteau is best known. Slave Religion: The “Invisible Institution” in the Antebellum South is a masterpiece that will endure for as long as the field of American religious history will endure. Developed from his Yale dissertation and published in 1978, Slave Religion is of inestimable value, having re-vealed and shaped what we know about the religion of African slaves in the United States and the very fabric of black religious life gener-ally. For the last three decades, all books of any worth on the topic of African American religion have had to grapple with the arguments and assertions Al made in Slave Religion. His task was to correct long-standing false conceptions about the nature of slave religion and do so from the perspective of the slaves themselves. As he eloquently put it, the description of “slave religion as merely otherworldly is inaccurate, for the slaves believed that God had acted, was acting, and would continue to act within human history and within their own particular history as a peculiar people just as long ago he had acted on behalf of another chosen people, biblical Israel.”

We learned from Slave Religion that roots, remembrances, and fragments of the African past survived the terror of slavery, provid-ing the basis for African American Christianity. More than merely embracing the religion of their oppressors, black Christians reframed and reimagined their faith, making it speak to and work from their own experiences. In this way, they transformed American Christianity, making it the basis of their hope for freedom and ultimate redemption. “In the secrecy of the quarters or the seclusion of the brush arbors (‘hush harbors’),” Al wrote, “the slaves made Christianity their own.”

Al has said that his search for his father, who was so unjustly killed, led him to become a scholar of African American religious his-tory. From that tragedy, then, some of the finest scholarship in the his-tory of the field has emerged. And perhaps it would be all for naught were it not the case that Al Raboteau is simply a superb human being. His kindness and generosity of spirit are legendary, and his mentor-ship is unmatched. He has modeled before several generations of

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young scholars how to do research and how to teach—really teach. Al has left an indelible mark on the field of African American religious history, for sure, but few have left so deep and wide a mark. And even though he now retires from Princeton, those of us who know him best eagerly await what he will do next.

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François P. Rigolot

François Rigolot, the Meredith Howland Pyne Professor of French Literature, is transferring to emeritus status after thirty-nine years on the Princeton faculty.

He was born in May 1939 in the beautiful Loire region of France. After a few errant years as a student of business and economics, he found his true vocation as a scholar of Renaissance literature and received his doctorate from the University of Wisconsin–Madison for a dissertation on François Rabelais. Following a first appointment as an assistant professor at the University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, he came to Princeton in 1974 and has been a faithful and dedicated Princetonian ever since.

François’s scholarship is characterized by cornucopian productivity, sustained excellence, and enduring influence. To date, he has published nine monographs, an equal number of edited volumes, and more than 220 articles and book chapters. He has examined and re-examined all the great writers of sixteenth-century France, from Rabelais and Clément Marot to Michel de Montaigne and Louise Labé. His sweeping and groundbreaking studies of Renaissance textuality and poetics (Poétique et onomastique [1977]; Le Texte de la Renaissance [1982]; L’Erreur de la Renaissance [2002]; Poésie et Renaissance [2002]) are staples of reading lists and syllabi throughout the world, as are his authoritative critical editions of major texts. The impact of his work extends well beyond the field of French literature and was recognized in 2011 by the Renaissance Society of America, which honored him with the Paul Oskar Kristeller Lifetime Achievement Award for “a lifetime of uncompromising devotion to the highest standard of scholarship accompanied by outstanding achievement in Renaissance studies.”

This award was but the latest in a long line of accolades bestowed upon François by a wide array of French and American organizations,

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from the cities of Bordeaux and Tours to the Alliance Française of Washington, D.C., and the Modern Language Association of America. In 1993, he received the Howard T. Behrman Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities at Princeton; the same year, he was promoted to the rank of officer in the Ordre des Palmes Académiques. In 2002, he was knighted in the Ordre National du Mérite by the president of France.

Throughout his career, François has been an exemplary colleague, administrator, and leader. He served as department chair no fewer than six times, often in periods of transition or crisis when his steady yet delicate hand at the helm was most needed. As a chair, he was unfailingly selfless, conscientious, conciliatory, and respectful of all members of the department. With efficient leadership, he always strove to preserve Princeton’s humanistic tradition and standards of excellence while adapting to changing times and new realities.

Humanism and scholarly rigor are also the hallmarks of François’s teaching, which has touched, inspired, and challenged generations of students from a variety of backgrounds, not only here on campus but also in many summer programs in the United States and abroad. At the undergraduate level, he particularly has enjoyed participating in interdisciplinary ventures such as the humanities sequence and, most recently, an innovative course on Renaissance culture that he designed in cooperation with the Princeton University Art Museum. His graduate seminars always attracted numerous students from several departments, many of whom went on to become distinguished Renaissance scholars themselves. In 2008, fifteen of these former doctoral students collaborated on a Festschrift in honor of their adviser and mentor, paying homage to “his world-renowned publications, his generous willingness to share his prolific erudition, his celebrated pedagogical skills, his sincere and tireless support of students and colleagues in both the Princeton community and the international sodalitas of seiziémistes, his invigorating leadership throughout his many years as chair of two departments and as director of Renaissance studies at Princeton University, and perhaps most importantly, his inspirational and affable personality.”

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When François received the Kristeller Award, he commented half-jokingly to the Daily Princetonian: “I thought I was too young to get a lifetime achievement award.” Similarly, we might say today that he is too young to sail off into retirement. As a professor emeritus, he will surely remain a valued and active member of our community, alongside his wife Carol, executive director of Princeton’s Council of the Humanities.

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Daniel T. Rodgers

Daniel Rodgers, among the most innovative and respected histo-rians of American cultural and intellectual life, is retiring after thirty-three years on the Princeton faculty.

Dan began his education in engineering, earning an A.B.-Sc.B., summa cum laude, from Brown University in 1965. Amid the hopeful reformism of the Great Society years, and with the deep social concerns that would in time stimulate his scholarship, he joined the AmeriCorps VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) program after graduation and worked for a year in Oregon, providing social services chiefly to impoverished rural households. His experiences, in turn, helped to shift his interests from engineering to American history, a field then roiling with fresh work on the social history of labor, work, and poverty. Un-der the direction of C. Vann Woodward, Dan completed his Ph.D. at Yale University in 1973. His dissertation was a pioneering study of how moral and political conceptions of work changed during the era of high industrialism. The revised version of that dissertation, published in 1978 as The Work Ethic in Industrial America, 1850-1920, earned him the prestigious Frederick Jackson Turner Award from the Organization of American Historians.

Two years before he earned his Ph.D., Dan had begun his teaching career at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he thrived until Princeton had the good fortune to lure him away in 1980. Appointed to an associate professorship, he rose through the ranks, attaining his current position as the Henry Charles Lea Professor of History in 1998. By then, he had left an indelible mark both on the field of American intellectual and cultural history, and on Princeton.

Dan’s scholarship—meticulous, probing, and written in an arrest-ing, sinewy style—continued to explore the ways in which Americans perceived their changing social and political order, and how those per-ceptions, in turn, shaped continuing social and political change.

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His second book, Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics since Independence, published in 1987, offered a bracing analysis of how Americans contended over certain key words in their politics—includ-ing “utility,” “government,” and “the people”—from the Revolutionary era to modern times.

In Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age, pub-lished in 1998, Dan greatly expanded his own intellectual horizons and those of the field at large. The idea of American exceptionalism, wheth-er raised in celebration or dismay, has long hampered historians’ under-standings of the nation’s intense interactions with intellectual currents abroad. Breaking through that artificial barrier, Dan discovered vibrant networks of transatlantic influence in social policy, and he analyzed the neglected international roots of such innovations as city planning, rural cooperatives, public housing, and social insurance over the long period from the end of the Civil War to the end of World War II.

With its stunning acumen and its range of archival research, as well as its own ambitious architecture, Atlantic Crossings immediately established itself as one of the few indispensable historical studies of American social reform. It also became a foundational work in what has become known as “transnational” history, understanding the history of the United States (and it could be any nation) as part of a global ebb and flow of ideas, as well as the struggles over those ideas. The book won Dan further professional honors, including the George Louis Beer Prize of the American Historical Association, along with an enlarged audience that ranged across several disciplines, in Europe and Asia as well as in the United States.

Dan’s latest book, The Age of Fracture, published in 2011, may be his most rewarding yet. Over the last quarter-century and more, Ameri-cans have felt numerous reliable intellectual verities inherited from the New Deal era crumble beneath their feet. Covering fields as disparate as microeconomic theory and feminist cultural theory, Dan tried to make sense of it all—and he showed how a proliferation of metaphors and notions, sometimes reaching the level of ideas and sometimes merely masquerading as ideas, undermined old concepts of political consensus, managed economic policy, and active citizenship. In their

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place arose a clamor of multiple personal identities that, when coupled with the retreat of Keynesian presumptions, battered older solidarities of community and collective purpose—solidarities that had once framed social debate. Rarely has any historian offered so sweeping and compel-ling an account of major intellectual trends of his or her own time. The achievement earned Dan the Bancroft Prize, the most coveted profes-sional award in the field of American history.

A leader among American historians, Dan has been awarded numerous fellowships and other honors, including a stint as the Visit-ing Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at the Uni-versity of Cambridge and membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has been no less a leader at Princeton. During a crucial period of generational transition in the late 1980s and most of the 1990s, he chaired the history department with steadiness and inventiveness, helping to keep the department in the very front rank of achievement and international reputation. From 2008 to 2012, he di-rected the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies, carrying on the center’s singular tradition of excellence with no small degree of welcome iconoclasm.

Apart from his scholarship, Dan’s most lasting impact will almost certainly come from his exceptional teaching. In 2012, Princeton rec-ognized him with the President’s Award for Distinguished Teaching, but even that high honor only begins to convey Dan’s contributions in the lecture hall and the seminar room. In particular, he has trained a remarkably large and gifted group of graduate students over the last third of a century, not simply in the fields of intellectual and cultural history but in the history of cities, slavery, and race relations, and much more. Dan is among a handful of historians now working whose influ-ence will be felt across the length and breadth of American historical studies for decades to come, not just because of his own writing but because of the writing and teaching of his students, and of his students’ students.

We will sorely miss having Dan’s regular presence, his ability to goad as well as to embody calm reason—and the wonderful, smil-ing, slightly quizzical expression that could cross his face just before

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he delivered a fine, wise, and often brilliant observation. But he has already presented us his exciting thoughts on a new piece of work, one that will take him back to Puritan New England and stretch all the way to Ronald Reagan’s America. So we can expect that he will continue to shake up how we think about the nation’s past in a capacious context, with a sensibility at once cosmopolitan and deeply rooted in America’s contentious past. And we will continue to count on him as exemplar, counselor, and dear friend.

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Gilbert Friedell Rozman

Gil Rozman, the Musgrave Professor of Sociology, is retiring after fifty years of association with Princeton. Gil first studied at Princeton as a junior in 1963-64. He went on to graduate from Carleton College and returned to Princeton, where he was awarded a Ph.D. in sociology in 1971.

Gil is arguably unique in his combination of interdisciplinary and regional interests. He has produced scholarship and taught in sociology, regional studies, and international relations. Simultaneously, he has written about China, Russia, Japan, and Korea. His own description is as a “Northeastasianist,” and he has played a major role in making that part of the world the subject of scholarly and policy attention.

Three formative experiences helped shape Gil’s career. As a teen-ager, he won a contest sponsored by the Minneapolis Star. This com-petition to see who could demonstrate the most extensive knowledge of global and national affairs gave Gil a chance to visit Washington, D.C., where he met his two senators (Eugene McCarthy and Hubert Humphrey), Lyndon Baines Johnson, and John F. Kennedy. After that there was no going back! The next step occurred when he attended Princeton’s Critical Languages Program his junior year, when he was able to study Russian and Chinese and began his life-long devotion to language learning as the foundation for research into how others see the world. Finally, while in graduate school, Gil studied Japanese and found three mentors whose work pointed the way to his future efforts. Fritz Mote encouraged scholarship on China while Marius Jansen did the same for Japan. An undergraduate course with Marion Levy had originally stimulated his interest in comparing the two societies.

In the first decade of his career, Gil focused on the pre-modern urbanization of China, Japan, and Russia and on their subsequent mod-ernization. He developed a framework for comparing levels of develop-ment prior to the nineteenth century, and he stressed the importance

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of the pre-modern legacy for modernization. The volume on Chinese modernization was translated twice in the mid-1980s and attracted par-ticular attention among students in China. In the 1980s, Gil’s interests shifted towards more contemporary times and particularly to the study of how each of these societies perceived the other, especially in light of the changes begun in China following Mao Zedong’s death. This included volumes on Soviet perceptions of China and Chinese percep-tions of the Soviet Union, as well as Japanese perceptions of the Soviet transition and decline.

In the 1990s, Gil responded to the end of the Cold War by im-mersing himself in new debates about establishing regionalism in Asia. He looked at multiple levels, from cross-border ties to bilateral relations to struggles between different strategies to reorder the region with or without the involvement of the United States. Eventually, this led him to expand to Korean studies and to explore new frameworks of analy-sis. The most important of these is national identity studies, which he has sought to systematize and establish as the approach most useful for understanding the region. His books since 2000 include: a five-volume series on strategic thought toward Asia; a three-volume series on national identities; three books emphasizing Korea’s centrality; and recent studies of Chinese foreign policy and how it is made, as well as U.S. leadership, history, and bilateral relations. Among these are books that he edited with the object of maximizing cohesion among the best-informed specialists. Coming full circle, while his junior paper made a stab at understanding Chinese thinking behind the Sino-Soviet debate in the shadow of anti-Americanism, his latest book applies the concept of a national identity gap to the Sino-Russian “embrace” in the shadow of demonization of the United States and its Asian allies.

In addition to his tremendous scholarly production, Gil has been a dedicated teacher and mentor, and an exceptional University citizen. He has taken greatest satisfaction from advising senior theses, ranging across five departments, and most recently he has worked closely with students in courses titled “Strategic Asia” and “National Identities and Great Powers,” guiding them in using sources in foreign languages. Within the University, Gil led the initial efforts to globalize Princeton

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through his leadership of the Council on Regional Studies and as the chair of the Faculty Committee on International Experience in Under-graduate Education. The University’s more recent successes with inter-nationalization owe much to Gil’s efforts. In the sociology department, Gil was director of graduate studies for more than fifteen years and also served as acting chair.

Gil’s scholarship and leadership have been recognized with vari-ous awards, including grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, National Science Foundation, Guggenheim Foundation, National Council for Soviet and East European Research, United States Institute of Peace, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Schol-ars, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Korea Foundation, and the United States-Japan Foundation. He has been a frequent visitor and lecturer at several major universities in Asia.

Gil is now retiring to Washington, D.C., and is increasingly involved in public and policy debates regarding national security and relations in Northeast Asia. The four countries that preoccupy him are drawing new scrutiny that is bound to keep him busy even when he misses the wonderful stimulation of the exceptional students he had the privilege to teach and advise at Princeton.

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Peter Schäfer

Peter Schäfer is the leading scholar of rabbinic Judaism and early Jewish mysticism in the world today. His impact on Jewish studies in Germany, Israel, and the United States has been enormous. Peter was born in Germany in 1943, and with the exception of two years at Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1964-66), his education took place there. He completed his doctorate in 1968 at the University of Freiburg and his habilitation in 1973 at the University of Frankfurt. He taught at the University of Tübingen, the University of Cologne, and finally, from 1983, at the Free University of Berlin, where he continued to teach one semester a year for several years after his arrival in Princeton in 1998 to serve as the first Ronald O. Perelman Professor of Jewish Studies in the Department of Religion and Program in Judaic Studies. He has served as director of the Program in Judaic Studies since 2005.

If the field of early Jewish mysticism looks very different today from the way it looked as late as 1980, it is because of Peter’s foundational contribution. Until then, most of the corpus of hekhalot texts had been available to scholars only in the editions used by mystically minded traditional Jews, often from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By the late 1970s, a few attempts at critical editions had appeared or were in preparation. But critical editions are based on the assumption that there existed an original form of the text that could be recovered, at least in theory, by careful consideration of the evidence. Peter argued that the critical edition was not an appropriate scholarly tool for the hekhalot literature since the variation from manuscript to manuscript suggested that there was no original form; rather, the texts had been composed from units that were gathered together and arranged somewhat differently in different manuscripts. To do justice to this textual situation, Peter chose to present the manuscripts synoptically, that is, in parallel columns lined up as far as possible to allow the reader to see what each manuscript

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includes, what it omits, and how the different manuscripts treat the same basic unit of text. The decades since the publication of the Synopse zur Hekhalot-Literatur (1981) have seen a dramatic growth in scholarship on the hekhalot literature, made possible by Peter’s innovative approach to editing these works.

Peter’s work has also reshaped the way we understand the significance of the hekhalot literature and its place in the history of Judaism and Jewish mysticism. The standard reading of the hekhalot literature had been that of Gershom Scholem, the great founder of the scholarly study of Jewish mysticism. For Scholem, the central theme of the hekhalot literature was heavenly ascent, which, conveniently for his purposes, made the hekhalot literature look more mystical than magical; he did not give much attention to the spells for the invocation of angels. Peter’s work addresses the relationship between the invocations of angels and the instructions for ascent and argues cogently against Scholem and his followers that the ascents should not be understood as mystical testimonies by pointing to the value these texts place on the act of reciting the accounts of ascent. Peter’s recent history of early Jewish mysticism, which covers more than a millennium, from the prophet Ezekiel through the Dead Sea Scrolls, the apocalypses of the Second Temple period, and the middle Platonism of Philo of Alexandria, to rabbinic speculation about Ezekiel’s divine chariot and, finally, the hekhalot texts, makes a compelling case against Scholem’s claim for continuity between these earlier phenomena and Kabbalah, the classical Jewish mysticism of the Middle Ages.

Peter’s early work in rabbinic literature, the other central interest throughout his career, consists of studies of aspects of rabbinic thought, a standard scholarly concern of the 1970s, when they were written, though they stand out for Peter’s unusually penetrating analysis. But in the 1980s, Peter came to apply his insights into the composition history of the hekhalot literature to rabbinic texts, raising fundamental questions about the units and “macroforms” of the classical rabbinic corpus. The multivolume synoptic edition of the Jerusalem Talmud (1991-2001) does for this work what the Synopse zur Hekhalot-Literatur did for the hekhalot corpus. More recently, Peter has

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become one of the leaders in the recent scholarly discussion of the complex relationship between the rabbis and Christianity. His work has demonstrated both that the rabbis were far more conversant with Christian texts than most scholars had thought and that the contours of rabbinic Judaism reflect to a considerable extent the rabbis’ efforts to define themselves in relation to Christianity.

Peter’s contributions to Jewish studies go beyond traditional publications. In the last decade, he has conceived and overseen the development of two important websites that bring the insights embodied in his synoptic editions into the electronic age through the efforts of teams of specialists in different areas. One website makes available the manuscripts of Sefer Hasidim, the most important work of the German Pietists of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, allowing scholars to compare portions of different manuscripts online. The second website, still under development, will perform a similar function for the Toldot Yeshu, the Life Story of Jesus, an interrelated body of Jewish texts from late antiquity and beyond that parody the gospels’ account. The success Peter has achieved in these collaborative enterprises is still unusual in the humanities, and it provides a model for future endeavors.

One of the most noteworthy aspects of Peter’s contribution to Jewish studies at Princeton and beyond is the extraordinary energy and imagination he has brought to arranging conferences and colloquia on a variety of subjects: the Jerusalem Talmud in Greco-Roman culture, Sefer Hasidim, genizah magical texts, the state of the question in hekhalot studies, the early rabbinic midrash on the book of Genesis. Perhaps his most important contribution of this kind has been the series of conferences organized by graduate students, for which Peter has provided inspiration, supervision, and financial support. The conferences have not only given students valuable experience in the practical challenges of organizing an international conference but have also offered them the opportunity to give papers alongside scholars of international renown, which the organizers then publish in a series Peter edits. These publications have given more than one career an early boost.

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Peter has been a devoted teacher of undergraduates as well as graduate students, and he has been an exemplary colleague, kind, helpful, and easy to work with—as long as no one schedules a meeting before 10 a.m. His colleagues and friends have no doubt that his retirement will be a productive one, but they will miss him terribly. While his principal residence will be in Berlin, they take some comfort that he will maintain an apartment here as well. It is hard to imagine Jewish studies at Princeton without him.

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José A. Scheinkman

José A. Scheinkman is retiring this year after fourteen years on the faculty of the Department of Economics and the Bendheim Center for Finance. A renowned expert on mathematical economics and finance, José has made fundamental contributions to a host of fields ranging from finance and dynamic growth theory to oligopoly theory and the social economics of cities and crime. José was born in Brazil on January 11, 1948. He grew up and was educated in Rio de Janeiro, received his B.A. in economics from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro in 1969, and his M.A. in mathematics from the Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada in 1970. Then, he moved to New York to study for his Ph.D. under Lionel McKenzie and William (Buzz) Brock at the University of Rochester, where he obtained his Ph.D. in economics in 1974.

José spent the first part of his career in the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago. After only three years, he received tenure as an associate professor in 1978 and eventually as a full professor in 1981. While at Chicago, he helped build the foundation of mathematical economics at the department. He coedited the Journal of Political Economy, one of the top journals in economics, from 1983 to 1994. He also served as chair of the department from 1995 to 1998. He moved to Princeton as the Theodore A. Wells ’29 Professor of Economics in 1999. Since arriving in Princeton, he has helped build the Bendheim Center for Finance into a world-leading center for behavioral finance and institutional finance. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a fellow of the Econometric Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a corresponding member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

José is one of the broadest economists of his generation. He leaves lasting marks in a number of fields of economics. In mathematical methods, his early work from 1979 with L. M. Benveniste provides

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conditions for the differentiability of the value function in dynamic economic models. In the theory of competition and industrial organization, he developed with David Kreps in 1983 the canonical modern foundation of Cournot equilibrium as the result of capacity pre-commitments. In macroeconomics, his work with Laurence Weiss in 1986 on borrowing constraints and aggregate economic fluctuations remains influential. His insightful work on social interactions, which builds on his interest in the intersection between economics and physics, helped him draw out and test some of the most salient implications of the theory of social interactions, in a series of papers in 1990s with a star student, Edward Glaeser, among others. His 1994 article with Kevin Murphy and Sherwin Rosen that explains cyclical variations is arguably one of his most creative papers. Since joining the faculty at Princeton, his research increasingly turned to finance, pursuing two distinct but related trajectories. In a series of joint papers with Lars Hansen and other coauthors, he developed new tools for solving and testing continuous time models of financial time series. Simultaneously, he collaborated with Wei Xiong and other coauthors in a series of papers to study the causes of behavioral and agency frictions in financial markets and, especially, their consequence for asset bubbles.

José also is known for his outstanding mentorship, having served as principal adviser to thirty students at the University of Chicago and several more at Princeton. His graduate students have studied a wide range of subjects and become prominent in many fields of economics, including finance (Pete Kyle, Tano Santos), macroeconomics (Paul Romer), and social and urban economics (Glaeser, Alberto Bisin). He also made significant contribution to undergraduate teaching at Princeton. Under his guidance, Glen Weyl, who was initially his senior advisee, went on to become the Class of 2007 valedictorian and to obtain his Ph.D. in economics only one year after his B.A. Following the recent world financial crisis, José also designed a popular undergraduate course on financial crises.

Besides his influence in academia, José also made significant contributions to the practice of finance and economics in the real world. He famously pioneered the now-ubiquitous application of

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academic financial theory to practical risk management for fixed-income securities during a leave he took as vice president at Goldman, Sachs & Co. in the late 1980s. He continues his involvement in practical finance as a founder and partner of Axiom Investments, a successful hedge fund. José has also been deeply engaged in the public affairs of Brazil through writing and consulting. He led the Agenda Perdida review of Brazilian social policy in 2002, which proposed many measures that were subsequently implemented. He wrote several columns for the top Brazilian newspaper Folha de São Paulo. He was also the top economic adviser to the (unsuccessful) presidential campaign of Ciro Gomes.

All in all, José’s combined influence as a researcher, collaborator, mentor, and practitioner is unrivalled in the economics community.

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Anne-Marie Slaughter

“I have loved my decade first as dean and then as professor here. It is hard to leave such extraordinary students, who teach me as much as I teach them and keep me young; so many wonderful staff members, without whom the School simply could not run; and a faculty second to none in melding brilliant disciplinary work with a deep commitment to addressing important policy problems,” said Anne-Marie Slaughter, the Bert G. Kerstetter ’66 University Professor of Politics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School in Public and International Affairs, in announcing that in September she will become a professor emerita and join the New American Foundation as the think tank’s president. “As an alumna imbued with the deep intellectual and moral values of Princeton in the Nation’s Service and the Service of All Nations, I will carry some of Princeton with me wherever I go.”

In the decade Anne-Marie has been on the faculty at Princeton, she has left an indelible mark on the Wilson School. In 2002, she was named the first woman dean of the school, a role she held for seven years. She came to Princeton from Harvard University, where she served as the J. Sinclair Armstrong Professor of International, Foreign, and Comparative Law, and director of the International Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School from 1994 to 2002, and as a profes-sor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government in 2001-02. Prior to Harvard, Slaughter was on the faculty at the University of Chicago Law School from 1989 to 1994.

As Wilson School dean, Anne-Marie increased the school’s faculty by more than 30 percent—enhancing the school’s international rela-tions faculty and programs, and adding scholars from history, sociol-ogy, engineering, and the natural sciences. She expanded the Wilson School’s mid-career program, the master in public policy, by opening it up to medical doctors, lawyers, and Ph.D. scientists. She further expanded academic programs by helping to establish the Ph.D. joint

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degree program in social policy, the Wilson School Ph.D. in security studies, and the Oxford/Princeton Global Fellows Program. Anne-Marie also worked to create several research centers in international political economy and national security, including the Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance; the Princeton-Harvard China and the World Program; the Center for International Security Studies; and what is now the Innovations for Successful Societies initiative. In the public service arena, she created the Scholars in the Nation’s Ser-vice Initiative, a prestigious scholarship program for undergraduates designed to encourage them to work in the federal government. Along with John Ikenberry, the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Anne-Marie convened and co-chaired the Princ-eton Project on National Security, a multiyear research project aimed at developing a new, bipartisan national security strategy for the United States. In 2007-08, she took leave from her duties as dean to spend the academic year in China as a fellow at the Shanghai Institute for Inter-national Affairs.

Following the selection of Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State in 2009, Anne-Marie was appointed by Secretary Clinton to serve as the director of policy planning for the U.S. State Department, becoming the first woman to hold that position. In that capacity, Anne-Marie became the chief architect of the first Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, released in December 2010, which provides a blueprint for elevating development as a pillar of American foreign policy and leading through civilian power. Prior to returning to Princeton at the end of her two-year public service leave in early 2011, she was presented with the Secretary’s Distinguished Service Award for exceptional leadership and professional competence, the highest honor conferred by the State Department. She also received a Meritorious Honor Award from the U.S. Agency for International Development for her outstanding contributions to development policy, and a Joint Civilian Service Commemoration Award from the Supreme Allied Commander for Europe.

In addition to returning to her position on the Wilson School facul-ty in 2011, Anne-Marie increased her contributions to both mainstream

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and new media, writing a monthly column for Project Syndicate; providing commentary on blogs, radio, and television; curating foreign policy news for more than 67,000 followers on Twitter; and becoming a contributing editor at The Atlantic magazine. A much-discussed article she wrote for The Atlantic, “Why Women Still Can’t Have It All,” was read and cited by millions and continues to be a source in the world-wide discussion about work and family balance.

A prolific writer, Anne-Marie has published four books, Interna-tional Law and International Relations (2000), A New World Order (2004), The Idea That Is America: Keeping Faith with Our Values in a Dangerous World (2007), and The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: Wilsonianism in the Twenty-first Century (with G. John Ikenberry, Thomas J. Knock, and Tony Smith) (2008). She has also produced three edited volumes on international relations and international law, and more than a hundred extended articles in scholarly and policy journals or books.

Anne-Marie has served on many boards, including the Council of Foreign Relations and the McDonald’s Corporation, and is currently on the board of the New America Foundation and Abt Associates. She is a member of the Aspen Strategy Group and is a consultant to Google. Foreign Policy magazine named her to their annual list of the Top 100 Global Thinkers in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. She is also a former president of the American Society of International Law and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Anne-Marie was raised in Charlottesville, Virginia, by her American father and Belgian mother. She graduated magna cum laude from Princeton in 1980 and received a certificate in European cultural studies. She was the recipient of one of Princeton’s top honors, the Daniel M. Sachs Memorial Scholarship, which provided for two years of study at the University of Oxford. She received her M.Phil. and D.Phil. degrees in international relations from Oxford in 1982 and 1992, respectively, and her law degree from Harvard Law School, cum laude, in 1985.

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Robert Harry Socolow

Rob Socolow has been on the faculty of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) since 1971, first as an associate professor and since 1977 as a full professor. He has been a leader in interdisciplinary initiatives on campus in energy and environment, and he has taught undergraduate courses in the School of Engineering and Applied Science and graduate courses in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs (WWS). Following the dictum of one of Rob’s mentors, George Reynolds, that a professor’s job is to write either the first or the last paper in a field, Rob has written many first papers that have helped reveal the intellectual content of humanity’s daunting assignment of assuring that global prosperity is compatible with local and global environmental constraints.

Rob earned his B.A. in physics from Harvard University, summa cum laude, in 1959. Awarded the Frederick Sheldon Travel Fellowship from Harvard, he spent 1959-60 witnessing the end of colonial rule in many Asian and African countries and acquiring what he calls a “plan-etary identity.” He received a Ph.D. in theoretical high-energy physics from Harvard in l964. As a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellow in Berkeley and Geneva (1964-66) and as an assistant professor of physics at Yale University (1966-71), Rob helped validate the quark model of the sub-nuclear world.

In the summer of 1969, Rob changed fields when he discovered the set of new issues subsumed under the rubric of “environment.” With John Harte, also an assistant professor of physics at Yale, he wrote and edited Patient Earth, published by Holt in 1971. It was one of the first readers that introduced both the science and the social issues embedded in energy, climate, radiation, water, and land use, asserting by implication that many of the most important problems of modern times lie at the interstices of natural science, technology, social science, and the humanities.

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Upon the publication of Patient Earth, Princeton asked Rob to help develop its Center for Environmental Studies, which Princeton was then creating. MAE, heady from having played a key role in sending a man to the moon and back and looking for new challenges, welcomed Rob into the department. Over the next three decades, Princeton’s center contributed a steady stream of influential research that sought to raise the level of debate on energy efficiency and air quality in buildings (led by Rob, Richard Grot, David Harrje, and Margaret Fels), energy in developing countries (led by Robert Williams, Amulya Reddy, Jose Goldemberg, and Thomas Johansson), and proliferation-resistant nuclear energy (led by Frank von Hippel and Harold Feiveson). Rob ran the center (renamed the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies—CEES—in 1974) from 1977 to 1998. The energy work then moved to the Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI) and the nuclear security work moved to WWS, where both continue to prosper and to demonstrate the value to society of what Murray Gell-Mann (another of Rob’s mentors) calls “the rational underground.”

In the CEES years, Rob played a central role in bringing the “new thinking” about energy efficiency to Russian scientists. He helped launch the field of industrial ecology, which asks questions about mass flows that are analogous to those posed by energy efficiency. And, with Bob Williams, he was instrumental in stimulating research on carbon dioxide capture and storage, which is industrial ecology for carbon.

In 2000, BP and Ford funded the University-wide Carbon Mitiga-tion Initiative (CMI), which Rob and Stephen Pacala lead and which BP is committed to continue to support through 2020 (Ford exited in 2010). Under CMI, Princeton conducts coordinated research in environmental science, energy technology, geological engineering, and public policy.

Perhaps CMI’s most prominent contribution to date is “Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” published in Science in 2004, coauthored by Rob and Stephen Pacala. The article provided new quantitative language for the discussion of climate change mitigation and helped end the fatalism at that time that humanity lacks the

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tools to address climate change. More recent papers by Rob and his coauthors include a scheme to move beyond per capita measures of national responsibility in international agreements, climate change as a risk management problem, nuclear power and climate change, constraints on biofuels, and deliberate removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

On campus, Rob helped launch and develop PEI and the Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy (STEP) Program at WWS. Within PEI, Rob heads the Climate and Energy Challenge, which focuses on enhancing the undergraduate experience, and Princeton Energy and Climate Scholars (PECS), an honor society for graduate students that Rob founded.

Rob is a fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) and a fel-low of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. At APS, Rob headed its Panel on Public Affairs and led a study, released in 2011, titled “Direct Air Capture of CO2 with Chemicals.” He was awarded the 2003 Leo Szilard Lectureship Award by the APS: “For leadership in establishing energy and environmental problems as le-gitimate research fields for physicists, and for demonstrating that these broadly defined problems can be addressed with the highest scientific standards.”

In recognition of his service to numerous committees of the Na-tional Research Council (NRC), Rob was named a Lifetime National Associate of the National Research Council of the National Academies. In recent years, he has been a member of the Grand Challenges for Engineering committee of the National Academy of Engineering and served on two major NRC studies: “America’s Energy Future” and “America’s Climate Choices.”

Among his other commitments, Rob was the editor of Annual Review of Energy and the Environment from 1992 to 2002. He helped launch three journals: Energy and Buildings, the Journal of Industrial Ecology, and Energy and Environmental Science. He served on the board of the National Audubon Society and is currently chair of the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and a member of the Deutsche Bank Climate Change Advisory Board.

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Rob received the 2010 Leadership in the Environment award of the Keystone Center, the 2009 Frank Kreith Energy Award of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the 2005 Axelson Johnson Commemorative Lecture award for “outstanding research in global carbon management and the hydrogen economy,” from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA) and the Axel Axelson Johnson Endowment.

Upon becoming a professor emeritus, Rob intends to transfer to Princeton’s research staff and to continue to work full time on climate change.

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Zoltán G. Soos

Zoltán Soos arrived in Princeton as an assistant professor of chemistry in 1966, having completed both his graduate studies and a postdoctoral year with Harden McConnell over two years at the California Institute of Technology and two at Stanford University. McConnell was interested in triplet spin excitons in salts of “TCNQ,” which were new materials that were based on stacks of planar anions, each with a single unpaired electron. At a time when the electronic structure of organic solids was largely unexplored, Zoltán’s projects were to devise solid-state theoretical, as opposed to computational, models for TCNQ salts and their spin resonance spectra. Later, his studies came to include conducting organic materials such as “TTF-TCNQ” and organic superconductors.

Zoltán’s research at Princeton continued at that frontier between chemistry and physics that he helped pioneer, focusing on organic solids, donor and acceptor species, conjugated polymers, and linear spin systems. With his first graduate student, Paul Strebel, and his first postdoctoral associate, Doug Klein, Zoltán modeled both optical and magnetic excitations for salts of the acceptor species TCNQ. Indeed, these original studies of his gave rise to a simple, elegant classification of TCNQ, TTF, and related salts in terms of stoichiometry, type of stacking, and repeat unit along the stack. He proposed that high conductivity in organic solids was decisively related to less than or more than half-filled bands, as had been previously proposed for a hypothetical chain of H atoms.

Together with his students Sumit Mazumdar and Steve Bond-eson, Zoltán developed a diagrammatic valence bond (VB) theory that facilitated an exact solution of finite correlated models for neutral-ionic transitions or for spin chains with random weak links. This approach to VB theory became enormously powerful when his colleague S. Ramase-sha showed that the linear combination of Slater determinants in each

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diagram could be uniquely encoded as an integer; large configuration-interaction problems could then be done on workstations.

Conjugated organic polymers rose to prominence in the 1980s with reports on polyacetylene as a conductor; other conjugated polymers are insulators with large nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. Zoltán fur-thered research in this field with collaborators including Ramasesha, Peter McWilliams and Geoff Hayden, and Shahab Etemad at Bellcore. Zoltán also had a longstanding collaboration with Anna Painelli and Al-berto Girlando at the University of Parma. With Sharon Bewick, Zoltán worked out the differences between thermally induced and quantum transitions in the electronic ground state, and together quantitatively modeled the spin-Peierls transition of a TTF+ salt.

Research in closed-shell organic solids has burgeoned in recent years, thanks to academic and commercial interest in organic electronic devices based on thin films that mitigate low conductivity based on a hopping mechanism for transport of charges that are localized on mol-ecules. Zoltán and Eugene Tsiper formulated a practical self-consistent treatment of electronic polarization based on the idea that electrostatic potentials at atoms are easily incorporated in semi-empirical theory. This method could be adapted to thin films where it accounted well for photoelectron and inverse photoelectron spectra, as measured by Antoine Kahn’s group in electrical engineering. Zoltán determined that electronic polarization could be combined with molecular potentials to model the ionization potential of films in which the individual molecules were either “lying down” or “standing up” with regard to a substrate, or to model scanning tunneling microscopy spectra of pentacene films containing surface and subsurface dopants.

Spin chains of transition metal ions are another area of recent inter-est to which Zoltán has made fundamental theoretical contributions in collaboration with his chemistry department colleagues Pascal and Bob Cava, Manoranjan Kumar, and Sian Dutton.

In addition to his extensive collaborative network that is centered in Princeton, Zoltán spent six productive summers and a sabbatical leave (between 1967 and 1989) at the Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is not entirely clear whether it was study-

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ing electron spin resonance in CT salts, or the distinctive signature of spin dynamics of linear systems (with Bob Hughes), or σ-conjugated polysilanes (with Glen Kepler), or rather the beautiful scenery, excellent climate, and marvelous cuisine of Northern New Mexico that kept lur-ing him back to Sandia.

Research on organic solids and spin chains has proven to be espe-cially rewarding for Zoltán: organic electronics is now a large and thriv-ing enterprise. Characteristically modest, he says he was fortunate to start when the field was young; practitioners in this area might counter that statement replying that it was the field that was fortunate to have had him, as one of its groundbreaking intellectual leaders, when it was in its infancy. It is not surprising, therefore, that a colleague remarks, “Zoltán’s work is distinguished by the physical insight into the electron-ic properties of organic solids and thin films that it provides. His formal, theoretical approach, based on simple, elegant models of very complex systems (in contrast to brute force computational approaches to these questions) has put the field of the electronic structure of organic solids on a firm fundamental foundation. This foundation has truly enabled the broad application of organic materials in modern electronic devices.”

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Erik Hector Vanmarcke

Erik Vanmarcke received his doctorate in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1970 and, upon graduation, he joined the MIT faculty. He remained at MIT until 1985, when he joined the Princeton faculty at the rank of professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Operations Research. At Princeton, Erik has explored a broad and diverse field of research interests, including random fields and random media, risk assessment and management, seismic risk and earthquake ground motions, hurricanes and coastal hazards, dam safety, structural reliability, random vibrations, energy density fluctuations in the early universe, and the formation of the cosmic structure.

Throughout his career and intellectual explorations, Erik has had a rich and rewarding academic life. He has held visiting appointments at Harvard University, the Delft University of Technology (Holland), and the University of Leuven in his native Belgium. He has also held the Shimizu Corporation Visiting Professorship at Stanford University and the Kwang-hua Visiting Professorship at Tongji University in Shanghai. He was the founding editor of the international journal Structural Safety and he has been awarded the Raymond C. Reese and Walter Huber research prizes of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), as well as the Distinguished Probabilistic Methods Educator Award of the Society of Automotive Engineers. He received a Senior Visiting Scien-tist Award from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science and was elected member of the Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium. He chaired the Executive Committee of ASCE’s Council on Disaster Risk Management and committees on engineering risk assess-ment of the Geo-Institute of ASCE and the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.

One of Erik’s most important contributions to the fields of science and engineering was the 1983 publication of Random Fields: Analysis and Synthesis, an introduction to random field theory across disciplines.

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A new and expanded edition was published in 2010 by World Scientific Publishing Company.

In 2012, ASCE awarded its Alfred M. Freudenthal Medal to Erik. He was honored for his work in developing computational models that are widely used by engineers for assessing the risks associated with ran-dom vibrations and uncertainties in material properties when protecting against earthquakes, wind, and other hazards.

Erik retires from Princeton and becomes professor of civil and environmental engineering emeritus. While at Princeton, he has been an affiliated faculty member in the Bendheim Center for Finance, Princeton Environmental Institute, and Princeton Institute for Science and Tech-nology of Materials. Additionally, he has served as a member of the Aca-demic Committee of the Program in Robotics and Intelligent Systems.

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Maurizio Viroli

Maurizio Viroli is retiring this year after twenty-six years on the faculty of the Department of Politics. He is a scholar of political theory and the history of political thought. He combines an interest in the analysis of theoretical texts with a concern for the historical setting in which these texts originate and to which they respond. An expert on Jean Jacques Rousseau, Niccolò Machiavelli, and the relationship between religion and politics, Maurizio has published numerous books, which have been translated into a variety of languages.

Maurizio attended the University of Bologna, where he gradu-ated in 1976 with a Laurea degree in philosophy. In 1985, he received his Ph.D. in social and political sciences from the European University Institute in Florence. His dissertation on Rousseau’s political thought (originally written in French) was published by Cambridge University Press in 1988 as Jean Jacques Rousseau and the Well-Ordered Society.

Following fellowships at Cambridge University (Clare Hall) and the European University Institute (Florence), Maurizio came to Princeton in 1987 as an assistant professor of politics. In 1990, the University named him to a Bicentennial Preceptorship (the Arthur H. Scribner Preceptor-ship). In 1993, he was promoted to associate professor, and, in 1997, he was promoted to the rank of full professor. Throughout his years at Princeton, Maurizio has held visiting faculty or fellowship positions at a variety of other institutions, including Georgetown University, the Scuo-la Normale Superiore di Pisa, the University of Trento, and the Univer-sity of Ferrara, among others. Currently, Maurizio also holds an appoint-ment with the University of Italian Switzerland in Lugano, Switzerland, as director of the Institute for Mediterranean Studies and professor of political communication. Starting in 2013, Maurizio will begin teaching political theory every fall term at the University of Texas–Austin, while retaining his appointment in Lugano.

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Maurizio served as an adviser to the president of the Italian Repub-lic during the presidency of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999-2006), and on May 30, 2001, he was appointed Ufficiale dell’Ordine al Merito of the Italian Republic. An out-of-state panel of humanists chose Maurizio to receive a New Jersey Governor’s Fellowship in the Humanities in 1989, in recognition of outstanding past scholarly achievements and in antici-pation of major contributions to knowledge, understanding and learn-ing in the humanities. In 2002, President Shirley M. Tilghman named Maurizio a Cotsen Faculty Fellow in recognition of his outstanding teaching of undergraduates. His many professional activities throughout his career have included roles as a consultant, newspaper contributor, and coordinator for such events as the USA-Europe Locarno Seminar on Politics and Society (1994-1996) and such committees as the Na-tional Committee for the Improvement of the Republican Culture within the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Maurizio’s numerous books include From Politics to Reason of State: The Acquisition and Transformation of the Language of Politics (1250-1600) (1992); For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism (1995); Niccolò’s Smile: A Biography of Machiavelli (1999), which was designated a 2001 Honor Book by the New Jersey Council for the Humanities; Machiavelli’s God (2006); The Liberty of Servants: Berlusconi’s Italy (2011); and As If God Existed: Religion and Liberty in the History of Italy (2012).

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Frank Niels von Hippel

Frank von Hippel, a nuclear physicist, retires this year as a profes-sor of public and international affairs at Princeton University after more than three decades of research, activism, and government service on issues of nuclear weapons security and arms control.

In 1975, Frank co-founded what is now Princeton’s Program on Sci-ence and Global Security within the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and, in 1989, the journal Science & Global Security, whose editorial board he chairs.

Frank received his B.S. in physics from the Massachusetts Insti-tute of Technology in 1959 and a D.Phil. in theoretical physics in 1962 from the University of Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. For the following ten years, his research was primarily in theoretical elementary-particle physics, and he held research positions at the University of Chi-cago, Cornell University, and Argonne National Laboratory, and served on the physics faculty at Stanford University.

In 1974, Frank’s interests shifted to “public policy physics.” He spent a year as a resident fellow at the National Academy of Sciences, where he organized the American Physical Society’s study on light-water reactor safety. He was then invited to join the Princeton research staff in 1974 and in 1983 was appointed to the teaching faculty at Princeton at the rank of professor.

Frank has worked on policy proposals relating to the control of plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) for more than three decades, including initiatives to end the production of plutonium and HEU for weapons (Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty); the use of highly enriched uranium as a reactor fuel (the Global Threat Reduction Initia-tive); and plutonium separation from spent nuclear fuel.

From 1983 to 1991, while Frank was chairman of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) and the FAS Fund, he partnered with

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the Committee of Soviet Scientists for Peace and Against the Nuclear Threat (chaired by Evgenyi Velikhov) to help provide technical support for Mikhail Gorbachev’s initiatives to achieve a Comprehensive Test Ban, and the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces and Strategic Arms Reductions Treaties.

From 1993 to 1994, he served as assistant director for national se-curity in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and played a major role in developing what is now called the International Nuclear Materials Protection and Cooperation Program.

In 2006, Frank co-founded and is currently co-chair of the non-governmental International Panel on Fissile Materials, which includes experts from 17 countries and develops proposals for initiatives to re-duce global stocks of plutonium and HEU and the numbers of locations where they can be found.

Von Hippel’s awards include the American Physical Society’s (APS) 2010 Leo Szilard Lectureship Award for “outstanding work and leadership in using physics to illuminate public policy in the areas of nuclear arms control and nonproliferation, nuclear energy, and energy efficiency”; the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s 1994 Hilliard Roderick Prize for Excellence in Science, Arms Control, and International Security; a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship (1993); and the 1977 APS Forum Award for Pro-moting the Understanding of the Relationship of Physics and Society with Joel Primack for their book, Advice and Dissent, Scientists in the Political Arena (1974).

The American Institute of Physics has published a collection of his articles in its “Masters of Modern Physics” series under the title Citizen Scientist (1991).

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Andrew John Wiles

Andrew J. Wiles was born on April 11, 1953, in Cambridge, England. After doing his undergraduate degree at Merten College at the University of Oxford, he went to study at the University, Cambridge with John Coates as his Ph.D. supervisor. As a graduate student, Andrew made a major breakthrough in the diophantine theory of cubic equations, proving a result that became known as the Coates-Wiles Theorem. He came to the United States in 1977 as a Benjamin Pierce Instructor at Harvard University, where his collaboration with Barry Mazur resolved a long-standing conjecture in Iwasawa Theory. (Kenkichi Iwasawa was a professor of mathematics at Princeton from 1967 to 1986.) In 1982, Andrew was appointed professor of Mathematics at Princeton in 1994; he was named Eugene Higgins Professor of mathematics; and in 2009, he was named James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Mathematics. He retired in 2012 and returned to Oxford as Royal Society Professor (where his father Maurice Frank Wiles had been Regius Professor of Theology).

Andrew is world-famous for his proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem, a simple sounding statement that Pierre de Fermat (1607-1665) had writ-ten in the margin of his copy of Diophantus’ Arithmetica, along with the lament that the margin was too small to contain the proof. For more than three centuries, all attempts to prove Fermat’s statement were un-successful. However, the efforts led to many deep developments in math-ematics. In the early 1980s, work of Gerhard Frey, Jean-Pierre Serre and Kenneth Ribet showed that Fermat’s Last Theorem would follow if one knew the fundamental Shimura-Taniyama Conjecture in the theory of modular forms and elliptic curves. (Goro Shimura is professor emeri-tus in the mathematics department.) It was this conjecture, along with its many far-reaching and celebrated consequences, that Andrew, in

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part in collaboration with his former student Richard Taylor, resolved in 1994—after spending a proverbial seven years in his attic study working on the problem. (Richard is now a visiting lecturer with rank of profes-sor in Princeton’s mathematics department and a faculty member in the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study.)

In each instance of his resolving a long-standing problem, Andrew brought fundamental new techniques into number theory. In particular, the method that he and Taylor developed has been extraordinarily fruit-ful in wide swaths of the theory of modular forms.

Andrew has few equals in terms of his impact on modern number theory. Many of the world’s very best young number theorists received their Ph.D.’s under Andrew at Princeton, and many of these are today leaders and professors at top institutions around the world. Among them are Christopher Skinner and Manjul Bhargava, professors in the mathematics department. As a member of the mathematics department for 30 years, Andrew played a continued leadership role, including chairing the department from 2005 to 2009. His long list of awards includes the Wolf Prize, the King Faisal Prize, and the Shaw Prize, as well as a knighthood. We wish Sir Andrew the very best in his new post at Oxford.

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Michael George Wood

Michael Wood, the Charles Barnwell Straut Class of 1923 Professor of English and Comparative Literature, retires this summer.

Michael is one of the foremost literary and cultural critics in the English-speaking world, and enjoys the rare privilege of being an author of critical and scholarly books as well as a highly respected writer of reviews, review articles, and columns. He writes in such dis-tinguished literary publications as The New York Review of Books and, especially, The London Review of Books, where he is also an editorial board member and where his column, “At the Movies,” is regarded with reverence. He is, in short, one of the most famous and widely read crit-ics of our time, combining sharp insight, keen engagement, irresistible readability, and great complexity.

Michael was born in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, in the northeast mid-lands of England in 1936, during the lead-up to the Second World War, which had notable consequences for him. His father was quickly con-scripted into the navy and Michael didn’t see him except very briefly for several years. One glimpse was made possible when as a boy Michael traveled with his family across England to Liverpool when his father’s ship docked there.

With an as-yet unexpanded university system, Great Britain’s secondary schools were full of very well qualified teachers. Michael re-calls the very high cultural values in the grammar schools of the 1950s, which certainly left their mark on him and set him up well as a modern languages undergraduate at St. John’s College, at the University of Cambridge. A specialist in French and German, Michael studied under J. P. Stern and stayed in the college not only as an undergraduate and graduate student, but also as a Prize Fellow, the Oxbridge equivalent of a high level postdoc.

Then, in search of his next appointment, Michael crossed the water to the mind-enlarging environment of Columbia University, where he

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would rise through the professorial ranks and stay until 1982. He joined Columbia’s Department of English and Comparative Literature, and in so doing made the easy transition to teaching English as well as conti-nental literature. Here was an exciting world of many possibilities, and a time when disciplines were undergoing rapid reinvention. In these years, he met his longtime friend, the late Edward Said, who was intro-ducing continental literary theory to English-speaking readers and help-ing to invent postcolonial studies. Here, too, Michael met his wife Elena Uribe, with whom he would begin a life of triangular travel between the American northeast, Mexico, and the United Kingdom.

During the course of the 1970s, their three children arrived to keep them company on this exciting journey: Gaby, Patrick, and Tony, all remarkably talented and yet distinct individuals with different interests. Even as he moved toward completing his first book on Stendhal (1971), Michael was branching out innovatively into film studies. America in the Movies (1975) remains a landmark work—no surprise, perhaps, since Michael had earlier harbored ambitions to be a film scriptwriter. He had already gained a notable reputation as a teacher; he is still remem-bered by Columbia graduate students for his genial, open-minded, and friendly guidance, as the then-strange world of literary theory was encountered for the first time.

Michael, Elena, and family lived briefly in Mexico City before Michael took the chair of English at University of Exeter in Devon, England. A colleague then young in the profession remembers those days: “Michael’s arrival made me realize what a professor was: he professed.” As at Columbia, Michael patiently introduced new ways of looking at literary texts, and kept alive older virtues of careful attention to textual details and, that rare quality, critical wit, always used in a constructive and humane way. That civilized and highly creative skepticism, like Michel de Montaigne in its broad reach, was noted when Michael delivered the Bateson Lecture at the University of Oxford’s Corpus Christi College in 1993. His wit was most needed when the U.K. university system became subject to government-imposed research and teaching assessments; Michael was a member of the first national research assessment panel.

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Michael kept contact with the U. S. literary scene in these years through reviewing, and through teaching for Middlebury College’s Bread Loaf School of English in Vermont during the summers. This brought Michael to Princeton permanently in 1995 (he had visited in 1993), effectively to replace A. Walton Litz, and immediately he was in his element. The chance to work across disciplines was a great stimu-lus, so that Michael’s teaching matched up with his writing. By the mid-1990s, he could claim to be an authority on the modern novel in English, French, German, and Spanish in addition to an international repertoire of cinema. Michael was made chair of the Gauss Seminars in Criticism from 1995 until 2001 and then chair of the English de-partment from 1998 until 2004. In his inimitably tireless fashion, he maintained all these roles alongside his vital membership in Princeton’s Department of Comparative Literature, where his capacities as teacher, adviser, and administrative tower of strength gave that emerging de-partment the enormous gift of his graceful and global authority.

Michael’s teaching prowess was noticed immediately. His special ability has been to bring people together and to make them work much more effectively as individuals because he makes them all friends to each other. The unconfident become confident, and the overconfident adjust into mature and reserved precision. Students attest to his patience in reading drafts, in remembering all of the precept postings in discussion, and in his general availability. By every testimony, Michael’s gift, in the most genial of ways, is to shift comfortable perceptions and givens and make students see that in fact our literature is always marked by the strange and the unsettling: “I no longer went to lecture hoping to be told what Jane Eyre or Mrs. Dalloway was really about; I went to watch Professor Wood effectively strip back the smooth surface of everything I thought about.” At the heart of this gift is Michael’s strong sense that great fiction comes from an uncanny fusion of lies and hard truths, and that as such it is endlessly absorbing, never to be completely unrav-eled, just as his comments on students’ work might appear at first to be tangential but in hindsight would reveal themselves to be exactly right. This has been judged a “rare combination of rigor and a deep open-mindedness,” pulling students towards the lifetime of study that

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true literariness involves, to reach an awareness that “the act of thinking transforms who we are.”

“The most inspiring teacher I’ve ever had” might be a fine way to end such a career account, but there is more. Michael’s talents, all of the fore-mentioned qualities, left him in a strong position to chair the English department, and with deft guidance and seeming light touch, to lead it though a period of renewal in the first decade of the new century, with the rapid expansion or addition of such fields as African American, postcolonial, and Asian American literature, as well as many other positions. All the while, this teaching prowess was matched by a huge critical output. In addition to the many thought-provoking reviews, he produced books on Nabokov as both a serious and playful magician, on the trans-historical appeal of the oracle, from the Greeks to the cinema, on the relations between contemporary fiction and storytelling, and on such disparate figures in the modern cultural pantheon as Luis Buñuel, Franz Kafka, Gabriel García Márquez, and W. B. Yeats. It is a staggering tally.

It is not right to call Michael a father figure because he is always an equal colleague to everyone. But his creative and inspiring wisdom has coursed through the campus these last eighteen years, well beyond the English and comparative literature departments, to be a truly nurturing force in the University. Its thoughtfulness is felt in Nassau Hall and in Small World Coffee. To say that he has been very good for us is an understatement, and, for us to have more of this sunshine, we hope that Michael and Elena will spend much time with us in Princeton in retirement.