0

Beneficios de proyectos de estufas mejoradas: relaciones entre proyectos de estufas mejoradas y aspectos de género

27 March 2013

1

Contents

• Solid Fuel “The Silent Killer in the Kitchen”

• Colombia Perspective

• Role of Women • Why Women & Children ?

• Women’s Invisible time and effort

• Fuel Collection: Women health & Safety

• Why gender perspective is relevant for Cookstove Sector?

• Best Practice Examples

2

Solid Fuel(s): “The Silent Killer in the Kitchen”

• 3 billion people in more than 600 million of the world’s households still using solid fuels in inefficient cookstoves and open fires.

• Approximately One life is lost every 8 second

• More men, women, and children die each day from diseases that could be entirely prevented by using advanced or “clean” cookstoves and fuels than die from malaria or tuberculosis

3

Why wood burning is Harmful?

• If your Cookstove efficiency is 100%, the firewood shall convert to CO2 and H2O.

• The traditional cookstoves like three stone fire, the efficiency is in the range of 7-15%.

• Due to the poor combustion in traditional stove, around 20% of wood carbon is converted to toxic pollutants like CO, HC, PM etc.

• Lack of ventilation, chimney makes the kitchen a smoke factory, which is being used or other purposes.

Typical Cookstove releases

400 cigarettes per hour

worth of smoke.

4

Population (%) Cooking with Solid Fuel

5

Why so many people are cooking using solid fuel?

• Poverty

• Access to cleaner fuel and modern technologies

• Traditional practice

• Lack of Awareness

6

Colombia: Socio- Economic Profile

• 2nd Most biodiverse in the world

• Home of 45 million people

• 75% Urban and 25% Rural – 11.6 Million urban Households

– 2.9 Million rural households

• 45% population lives under the National Poverty line

5%

66%

16%

33%

26%

1%

27%

0%

27%

0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Urban Rural

Highest

High

Medium

Low

Lowest

7

• Fuel Consumption pattern

• Over half of rural population still cook with solid fuel, mostly wood that they collect for themselves

• Approximately 1.7 million (15% of total) Households are getting exposed to adverse impact of solid fuels

Colombia: Fuel Consumption Pattern

Natural Gas; 64,30%

LPG; 26,60% Electricity; 4,50%

Wood & Charcoal;

2,00%

Other; 2,70%

Coal ; 0,00%

Urban

Natural Gas;

4,60%

LPG; 40,40% Electricity; 2,70%

Wood & Charcoal; 49,30%

Other; 1,90%

Coal ; 0,90%

Rural

8

Colombia: Health Impacts

• Around 1,100 - 1,900 annual deaths attributable to solid fuel use (Year 2007)

• $193 million USD annual cost of health impacts of IAP (Indoor Air Pollution) associated with use of traditional fuels

• Indoor/outdoor air pollution damages represent 1% of Colombia’s GDP Of

which

Acute

respiratory illness (ARI);

47%

Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease; 28% Respiratory

Mortality; 12%

87%

Women and Children

9

• Women and Children are most exposed to household Air Pollution – Women is primary cook and in charge of Kitchen

– Women & children spend a lot of time in the kitchen

– In 79% cases, kitchen also functions as a dining room or bedroom

Mother 79%

Mother & Kid 18% Father &

child 3%

Father 0%

Who is the Cook at home?

70%

48%

13%

9%

22%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Converse

Get Warmth

Watch TV or Radio

Study

Nothing

Other activities done in the room with the wood stove?

Why Women and Children ?

10

Women’s Invisible Time and Effort

• Women and girls are primary collector – Around 3.34 Hrs per trip

– Time spent collecting fuel is wasted human capital time that could be better spent on • income generation,

• education,

• or other activities.

– Women’s Invisible Time and Effort are • Unpaid,

• Unrecorded and

• Undervalued

11

Fuel Collection: Women health & Safety

Fuel Collectio

n

Head and Spinal Injuries

Pregnancy Complications

Rape & Assault

Animal Attacks

12

Why Gender Perspective is relevant for Cookstove Programme?

• Can we provide any solution to these problems by implementing the improved Cookstove ?

• Can Improved Cookstove programme contribute to Women Empowerment and Gender Equality ?

• Women and Girls are the core of Cooking sector.

13

Benefits of Improved Cookstove Programme

Improved Cookstove

Women Empowerment

+

Environment

(Indoor Air Quality)

+

Avoiding deforestation

+

Health

+

Poverty alleviation

+

Time and Fuel Saving

14

How Women Can Contribute to Cookstove Value Chain ?

1. Product design

2. Production 3. Consumer

Finance 4. Supplier

Finance 5. Distribution

6. After Sales Services

• Women’s input in Design is Critical – The Cookstove designed in collaboration with the women involvement

are more likely to be accepted and used by the women

• Best Practice Example – The Zoom Plancha was first introduced in Mexico through a pilot project

– The local women participated in-home trials over a two-month period

– The Zoom Plancha model underwent several changes to become La Mera Mera means “the all-knowing woman”

– Reported Uptake is around 97%

15

• Production related activities such as production, assembly, and installation may provide income generation opportunities for women

• Best Practice Example – GERES, a French NGO began the Cambodian Fuelwood Saving Project in urban areas of

Cambodia and developed and distributed the New Lao Stove (NLS).

– Started production of different model for rural areas with the help of local women groups

– Production and distribution rate is 8000 stove per month

– Women income generation increased around 61%

1. Product design 2. Production 3. Consumer Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution 6. After Sales

Services

16

1. Product design 2. Production

3. Consumer

Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution 6. After Sales

Services

• Clean cooking solutions are often too expensive for outright payment by end users but not expensive enough to be attractive to financial institutions.

• Women has difficulty in accessing finance

• Best Practice Example – Potential Energy launched Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) with the seed capital from GACC

– Innovative financing mechanisms where Women Development Associations (WDAs) who serve as the retail partners selling cookstoves on installment basis to their women members

17

1. Product design 2. Production 3. Consumer

Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution 6. After Sales

Services

• Women have direct and unique access to purchasers and users of the cooking devices

• Women have opportunities to fully participate in order to truly impact as many households as possible.

• Best Practice Example – GVEP International (Global Village Energy Partnership) an NGO is working to increase

access to modern energy and reduce poverty in developing countries

– GVEP involved women in the cookstove programme by recruiting women’s groups, and conducted door-to-door recruitment.

– In Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania there are around 150 improved cookstove businesses groups led by women only.

18

1. Product design 2. Production

3. Consumer Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution

6. After Sales Services

• Women can be the key to scaling distribution of cookstoves.

• Women have access to hard-to-reach households, can utilize woman-to-woman marketing techniques, and are trusted promoters of household products among their peers.

• Best Practice Example – The Paradigm Project is utilizing the wide reach of women as a trained and branded

clean energy sales force in East Africa.

– Paradigm aims to recruit a minimum of 50 percent female sales agents in Rwanda, Ethiopia, and Kenya over the next two years. The overall project goals are to deploy 5 million improved cookstoves over the next 10 years.

19

1. Product design 2. Production 3. Consumer

Finance 4. Supplier

Finance 5. Distribution

6. After Sales Services

• The women as primary users of clean cookstoves, it is logical that they are the ones who can become experts in their maintenance and encourage their long-term adoption.

• Woman-to-woman communication can be very effective, particularly in rural and conservative areas, and can help in ensuring that cookstove are being used regularly and correctly.

• Best Practice Example – Sakhi Unique Rural Enterprise (SURE), founded in India in 2009, engages rural women in the

supply chain to bring improved cookstoves, to last mile consumers.

– In partnership with over 400 Sakhis (women), SURE has already sold over 86,000 improved cookstoves.

– 25% of these are well trained in after sale services.

20

Summary

• Women is core of cooking sector.

• Along with other environment, social, health benefits, the cookstove programme can help in women empowerment by

- engaging women in income-generating opportunities

- especially in the marketing, distribution, sales, and after-sales servicing of cookstove programme.

21

The Gold Standard Foundation

Vikash Talyan

vikash.talyan@goldstandard.org

+41 22 788 70 80

www.goldstandard.org

22

Colombia: Fuel Consumption Pattern

20% 19%

12%

16% 16%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Caribbean East Bogoto Central Pacific Amazons

Overall % Using Solid Fuel , by Region