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Pretest

1. What is the density of a sample whose mass is 12.02 g and whose volume is 6.01 mL?

2. Which of the following is an element?

a. sandb. waterc. goldd. sugar

3. Differentiate heterogeneous from homogenous mixtures.

Chapter 3

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Pretest (continued)

4. Which of the following is NOT a step in a valid scientific method?

a. developing a procedure to test your hypothesis b. drawing a conclusion without any supporting evidence c. forming a testable hypothesis d. making observations

5. Identify the tools needed to measure temperature and length.

6. True or False: All of the following units are SI units: meter, pound, and Kelvin.

Chapter 3

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Pretest (continued)

7. Density, mass, and volume are related by the equation density = mass/volume. What equation would you use to find volume if you knew the density and mass?

8. Bromine boils at a temperature of 58.63˚C. What is this temperature in Kelvin?

Chapter 3

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Interest Grabber

States of MatterImagine that you have a baseball and a small packet of ketchup.

1. If you squeeze the ketchup packet, how would it change?

2. If you squeeze the baseball, how would it change?

3. What would these results tell you about the properties of solids and liquids?

Section 3.1

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Reading Strategy

Previewing

Section 3.1

a. definite shape

b. definite volume

c. variable shape

d. variable volume

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Interest Grabber

Inside a Helium Balloon

A tank of compressed helium gas is often used to fill party balloons.

1. What is happening to the helium atoms inside the balloon?

2. What might happen if more helium were added to the balloon? How could adding more helium cause this result?

Section 3.2

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Reading Strategy

Identifying Cause and Effect

Section 3.2

a., b., and c. temperature, volume, number of particles

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Charles’s Law Figure 13A

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Boyle’s Law Figure 13B

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The Combined Gas Law

Section 3.2

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The Combined Gas Law

Section 3.2

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The Combined Gas Law

Section 3.2

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The Combined Gas Law

Section 3.2

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Interest Grabber

Three States of Water

Water is an abundant substance on Earth. It can be found as a solid, a liquid, and as a gas called water vapor.

1. How many words can you think of to describe solid water?

2. Where is most of the liquid water on Earth found? Where is most of the water vapor found?

3. Describe a natural event you have observed when water changed from a liquid to a solid, and when water changed from a liquid to a vapor.

Section 3.3

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Reading Strategy

a. liquid

Section 3.3

Summarizing

b. liquid

c. gas

d. liquid

e. gas

f. gas

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Phase Changes Figure 16

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Heating Curve for Naphthalene

Figure 16

1. What is the density of a sample whose mass is 12.02 g and whose volume is 6.01 mL?

2. Which of the following is an element?

a. sandb. waterc. goldd. sugar

3. Differentiate heterogeneous from homogenous mixtures.

Pretest Answers

Heterogeneous mixture: parts are noticeably different; homogeneous mixture: parts are difficult to distinguish.

Chapter 3

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2.00 g/mL

4. Which of the following is NOT a step in a valid scientific method?

a. developing a procedure to test your hypothesis b. drawing a conclusion without any supporting evidence c. forming a testable hypothesis d. making observations

5. Identify the tools needed to measure temperature and length.

6. True or False: All of the following units are SI units: meter, pound, and Kelvin.

Chapter 3Pretest Answers (continued)

Click the mouse button to display the answers.

thermometer and ruler

7. Density, mass, and volume are related by the equation density = mass/volume. What equation would you use to find volume if you knew the density and mass?

8. Bromine boils at a temperature of 58.63˚C. What is this temperature in Kelvin?

Chapter 3Pretest Answers (continued)

Click the mouse button to display the answers.

volume = mass/density

331.78 K

Interest GrabberAnswers

1. If you squeeze the ketchup packet, how would it change?

The shape of the packet would change.

2. If you squeeze the baseball, how would it change?

The baseball would not change shape in any noticeable way.

3. What would these results tell you about the properties of solids and liquids?

You may say that solids have a shape that doesn’t change under ordinary circumstances but that a liquid can change shape (flow) as the shape of its container changes.

Section 3.1

Interest GrabberAnswers

1. What is happening to the helium atoms inside the balloon?

The atoms are constantly moving. They move in a straight line until they collide with other atoms or the inner surface of the balloon.

2. What might happen if more helium were added to the balloon? How could adding more helium cause this result?

If enough helium is added to the balloon, it will burst. Accept any logical explanation.

Section 3.2

Interest GrabberAnswers

Section 3.3

1. How many words can you think of to describe solid water?

Answers may include forms such as ice, sleet, snow, and hail or formations such as glaciers, icebergs, and ice caps.

2. Where is most of the liquid water on Earth found? Where is most of the water vapor found?

Most liquid water is found in oceans (which cover 71% of Earth’s surface). Water vapor is found in Earth’s atmosphere.

3. Describe a natural event you have observed when water changed from a liquid to a solid, and when water changed from a liquid to a vapor.

Answers may include a pond freezing over or water evaporating from a puddle.

Chapter 3Go Online

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Articles on properties of matter

For links on gas laws, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1032.

For links on phases of matter, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1033.