Presentation of Presentation of Japanese technology Japanese technology of waste to energyof waste to energy

JASE-worldWaste to Energy Sub WGMasanori TsukaharaHitachi Zosen Corporation

2012.11.14 1

JASE-W established in Oct 2008

Members – Digits in parentheses show numbers of members as of APR 2011

Corporate(72) Steel(2), Power & Gas Supply(8), Finance(5), Trading(7), Manufacturer - General(18), Electric(7), Electronic(3),

Ceramic(1), Rubber(3) -Housing(2), Construction(1), Petroleum(1), Car(1), Petrochemicals(3), Engineering(10),

Industrial Association(20)

Observer(12) METI, MOFA, JETRO, NEDO, JBIC, JICA, WB, ADB, NEXI,

Introduction of JASE-world

2

Mr. H Yonekura, Chairman of JASE-W(Chairman of Japan Business Federation)

Observer(12) METI, MOFA, JETRO, NEDO, JBIC, JICA, WB, ADB, NEXI, IFC, IEEJ, Clean Association of Tokyo 23

Activities

Policy Proposal to Government

Project Exploration through 4 Working Groups(WG) associated with G&B Mission Overseas

Publication of Japanese Smart Energy Technologies

PR through International & Domestic Expositions

News Release by Website and Advertise on News Paper

Japanese BusinessAlliance forSmartEnergy- Worldwide

Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy

IntroductionIntroductionofof

Waste and ResourcesWaste and Resourcesin Tokyoin Tokyo

3

in Tokyoin Tokyo

Waste Treatment Transition in Japan(1990-2008)

Recycle, etcLandfillIncineration

Incineration is common in Japan due to the limited habitable land and pressure of waste volume reduction

Unit: Thousands ton/year

4

4

Source: 3R Forum

Combustible waste

Incombustible waste

Transfer

Collection /Transport of

waste（Each city）

Ash-meltingplants

Final disposalIntermediate processing of waste

（Clean Association of TOKYO 23）

incombustibles

Incineration plants

Incombustible Used as construction

(Tokyo Metropolitan Government)

Outer Central Breakw

ater Landfill Disposal

Site or New

Sea Surface Disposal Site

Utilization of produced heat-Use by generating power -Surplus heat used for air conditioning and swimming pools in the area

WasteResource

Flow of waste and resources in Tokyo 23 cities

5

5

Large-sized waste

Collect resources

Pulverized Waste

Processing Center

Recovered as resource or product byrecycling centers of manufactures orprivate recycling businesses.

Clean Association of TOKYO 23 consists of Head Office and branches including incineration plants and other processing facilities. The total number of staff members is 1,137 as of April-2011.

incombustibles

Transferlarge-sized

waste

Incombustible Waste Processing Center

PulverizationProcessing Plant forLarge-sizedWaste

construction material, and other uses.

Recovery / Sales of Steel and aluminum

Outer Central Breakw

ater Landfill Disposal

Site or New

Sea Surface Disposal SiteResources

From Clean Association of TOKYO 23

Suginami Plant (left) & Toshima Plant (right)

6

6

From Clean Association of TOKYO 23

Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy

Advanced Incineration Advanced Incineration Technology of JapanTechnology of Japan

7

Advantages Disadvantages

Improvement of environment and sanitary condition around landfill site Volume Reduction (Over 90%)Mass treatment possibilityGood adaptability for

Negative image (hazardous pollutants emission, e.g. dioxin)⇒It’s no problem by adopting the appropriate exhaust gas treatment system.

Advantages and Disadvantages of WtE

8

8

Good adaptability for treatment of various wastes

treatment system.Higher Initial Cost than Landfill

Provide the stable energy among the various renewable energy resources and contribute nation’s energy security

Carbon emission credit(especially in changing from landfill)

With respect to Waste to Energy

Waste receivingcharging system

Incinerator &Boiler system Waste heat

utilization systemFlue gascleaning system

Waste to Energy Plant

9

9

Ash treatment system

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

日本１

欧州

Change in calorific value of municipal solid waste

Low

er c

alor

ific

valu

e (k

J/kg

)

Gasification ash melting furnace and melting furnace developed

Japan

Europe

Large difference

10

0

1000

2000

3000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

1924：The first incineration plant in Japan

1960：The first machinery incineration plant completed(Japanese technology)

1965：The first waste to energy plant completed(European technology)

1996～2004：Ash melting mandated by the government

出典：

狩郷修 ごみ焼却炉選定の技術的評価

ごみ処理施設整備の計画・設計要領

Low

er c

alor

ific

valu

e (k

J/kg

)

YEAR

High water content waste incineration technology

Pollution controltechnology

Dioxin control technology

Efficient heat recovery and power generation

technology

furnace developed

Incinerator introduced from Europe

Technology

development

10

For Complete Burn Out of Low calorific Refuse

Radiant Heat

Technical Features of Incinerator

Enough large grate area

Good radiant effect for refuse drying

Mixing and loosening of refuse by vertical step

11

Mixing and Loosening

Was

te c

onst

itu

ent(

%)

Combustible

moisture

ash

Burning

Appropriate Hot Air Supply

refuse by vertical step

Appropriate supplyof combustion air

Capacity: 4-900t/day/unit

11

Flue Gas

Spray Nozzle Bag FilterCompressed Air

Flue Gas Cleaning System

12

Injection Blower

Cooling Water pump

Cooling Water Tank

Flue Gas CoolerInduced Draft Fan

Stack

Slaked Lime

Activated Carbon

SiloSilo

Quantitative Feeder

12

Dioxin Emissions from Waste Incinerators in Japan

1997:Guidelines for Prevention of dioxin and related to waste disposal

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000[g

-TEQ

/年

]

小型焼却炉

産廃焼却施設

一廃焼却施設

7,432(100%)D

ioxi

n Em

issi

ons

(g/y

ear)

Small IncineratorIndustrial Waste IncineratorMunicipal Waste Incinerator

13

13

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

年度

総排

出量

[

191(2.6%)

206(2.8%)

225(3.0%)

226(3.0%) 135(1.8%)

3,582(48.2%)

2,728(36.7%)

2,187(29.4%)

1,745(23.5%)

760(10.2%)

232(3.1%)

（　　）内の数値は，1997年度の総排出量を100％としたときの割合

Dio

xin

Emis

sion

s (g

/yea

r)

Year Ministry of Environment web site

97%Reduction

Japan 800 Plants For electricity 304 Plants (1,673MW) (2009)

Korea 15 Plants

China 23 Plants(15 Plants are under construction )

Waste to Energy Plant built by Japanese Company

14

14

Taiwan 24 Plants

Singapore 3 PlantsThailand 1 Plants CHENGDU, China

Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy

Waste Heat Recovery Waste Heat Recovery Technology of JapanTechnology of Japan

15

High –efficiency refuse burning power generation

G

Condensate Tank

Feedwater Tank & Deaerator

Steam turbine

condenser

PP

Economizer

Super Heater

Refuse fired boiler(High-tempertaure higi-pressure

type)

Steam Generation

Steam Turbine

Plant Internal UseBoiler

Furnace

Power

GenerationElectricity

Sales

Combustion

Electricity

& Steam supply

Efficient waste power generation Waste heat utilization system

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16

Steam Boiler Steam Turbine Electric Power Generation Steam Supply to Demander

Hot Water Boiler Hot water supply to Demander

Deaerator

Deaerator feed water

pumpBoiler

feed waterpump

Deionizer

Combustion

(Municipal Solid Waste)

Steam condenser

Condensertank

2012 © Japan Smart Community Alliance

Acquirable energy (electricity)

施設規模ごとの発電量（Hu=8,800kJ/kg時の試算例）

15000

20000

25000発

電量

(kW

)

Relationship betweenCapacity of facility and Electricity generated(Calorific value of waste ; Hu = 8,800KJ/kg)

Ele

ctric

ity (k

W)

Over

17

17

0

5000

10000

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

施設規模（ｔ／日）

発電

量

Capacity of facility (t/day)

Number of Pop.≒ 500 thousands

Over10,000 kW

Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy

Business Model of Business Model of waste Managementwaste Management

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18

Business Model in China

19

19

Feed in Tariff Scheme for power from MSW

Purchase Price(USD/kWh)

Period Comments

Japan 0.22 20 years Depending on the ratio of biomass

Germany 0.19-0.22 20 years Price for new facility decrease by 2% every year.

Netherland 0.14 (Before 15 years) Over 500kW

20

20

Netherland 0.14 (Before 15 years)0.09 (After 15 years)

Over 500kW

Austria 0.135-0.2 15 years If fuel is waste, pricedecrease by 25-40% depends on biomass.

China 0.09-0.12 Including incentive

Indonesia 0.12 1,050 IDR/kWh

Malaysia 0.14 0.42 MYR/kWh出典： ジェトロユーロトレンド 新局面を迎える欧州の再生可能エネルギー（RE）（2011.12）他

Feasibility StudyWe research a municipality to be able to do a feasibility study together, with Japanese feasibility study scheme. Research of Technical Feasibility

• Survey of waste characteristics, LCV and amount of waste • Waste stream • Proposal of suitable waste treatment system• Estimation of electricity output

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21

• Estimation of electricity output Evaluation of Environmental and Social Impacts

• GHG Emission Reduction Effect• Research of legal system and procedure related to Environmental Assessment Financial and Economic Feasibility Site Location Terms of Contract PPP, Etc.