Ashish Gupta (1551)Athulnath K S (1552)

Cherian Mathew (1553)Debajyoti Das (1554)

IIFM, Bhopal

Biodiesel

• What is Biodiesel?• Why Biodiesel?

Economics• Cost

Applications• Uses

Constraints• General (Global) Limitations of BioDiesel

What is Biodiesel?

• Clean burning alternative fuel, produced from

domestic, renewable resources

• Oil seeds

• Vegetable oils

• Trans esterification process

• a reaction of the oil with an alcohol to remove the glycerin

Why Biodiesel?

• Extend the usefulness of petroleum

• The longevity and cleanliness of diesel engines

• Community-based biodiesel production model

• Reducing impact on the local environment 

• Increasing energy security

Trans-esterification

Need for transesterification of SVO

• Lowered viscosity

• Complete removal of the glycerides

• Lowered pour point

• Lowered boiling point

• Lowered flash point

Production Process

Product Quality

• Complete Reaction

• Removal of Glycerine

• Removal of Catalyst

• Removal of Alcohol

• Absence of Free Fatty Acids

ECONOMICS OF BIODIESEL

Conversion process

By product sales

Conversion inputs

FeedstockFuel

distributionand retail

Economics of biodiesel

• The major constituent of input costs of biodiesel production is the feedstock (price of seed, seed collection and oil extraction, transport of seed and oil), which is about 75–80% of the total operating cost.• Other costs involved are the costs incurred in

conversion process• Owing to their availability, various oils have been in

use in different countries as feedstock for biodiesel production• Jatropha and Karanja are commonly used in India

• When compared with petroleum diesel, biodiesel prices are quite high. The reason for high biodiesel prices are the limited availability and high price of biodiesel feedstocks. • The costs for biodiesel production from palm oil, soybean

oil and Jatropha oil are estimated about Rs 45.0 /litre, Rs. 44.0/litre and Rs 39.0 /litre, respectively (Demirbas, 2009)• Economical feasibility of biodiesel depends on the price of

the crude petroleum.• Production of biodiesel of suitable quality and at

reasonable price is vital so that it can compete with diesel fuel

• Biodiesel can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression ignition engines with little or no modifications. • India’s National Policy on Biofuels, adopted in December

2009, proposes a non-mandatory blending target of 20% for both biodiesel and ethanol by 2017 (GOI 2009). • Blending targets will be periodically reviewed and

adjusted as needed. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is tasked with implementing the policy.

Applications of Biodiesel

• Conventional Use• Unconventional Use

Conventional Use

• Biodiesel can be used as pure form (B100) or mixed with diesel in all new diesel engines• For older engines produced before 1993 some

modification is required as rubber made valves caps and pipes dissolves in biodiesel

Unconventional Use

• Hydrogen fuel cell• Microreactor to produce hydrogen stream for HFC

• Cleaning up Oil Spills• Cytosol used to clean and dissolve crude oil spills

• Generating electricity• Backup generator using B100

Continued..

• Home Heating• B20 reduces emission of SOx emissions from boilers

used to heat home

• Multi-fuel Stoves• Biodiesel is being used in multi fuel stoves• B100 as well as Bx can be used in stoves, lanterns and

petromax

Continued..

• Corrosion Preventive• Machine Lubricant• Paint & Adhesive remover• Auto Wax Remover• Printing Ink Remover• Asphalt Remover

Constraints to Biodiesel

Development

Environmental Constraints

• A considerable debate exists over the magnitude of direct and indirect GHG emissions from biofuels• The intensive cultivation of energy crops is

expected to produce adverse environmental impacts on soil and groundwater, and to result in deforestation and loss of biodiversity

Environmental Constraints

• Removal of crop residues, such as leaves and stalks for use in co-generation, can negatively affect soil structure, promote erosion and reduce ecosystem sustainability.

• Heavy extraction of water for the irrigation of feedstock crops could affect water availability, particularly in water stressed regions.

• In Southeast Asia, oil palm plantations for biodiesel production have caused deforestation and biodiversity losses.

Trade Constraints

• First generation biofuels are rarely economically competitive with petroleum fuels

•Rising demand for vegetable oil, under pressure from the EU biofuel mandate, has resulted in a rapid increase in vegetable oil prices with negative impacts on biofuel costs and food prices.

Food security Constraints

• Biofuel feedstock production competes with food, fibre and timber for land, water and fertilizers.• This competition could affect food security• At risk are the approximately 70% of the world’s

poor people that live in rural areas• Demand for feedstock crops such as maize and

sugarcane has contributed significantly to global food price volatility, especially in grain markets.

Thank You