AIRCRAFT BASICS

Presented By-

Yajnesh Chaturvedi

Mgr. (D), ASERDC

Aircraft

Aircraft Structure

Wings

Wing (Contd.)

• High-wing• Mid-wing• Low-wing

• Monoplanes – one set of wings• Biplanes – two set of wings

• Ailerons• Flaps

Empennage

Empennage (Contd.)

• Vertical stabilizer

• Horizontal stabilizer

• Rudder

• Elevator

• Trim tabs

Landing Gear

• Two main wheels and a third wheel at the front or rear

• Parking,Taxiing, Take off, Landing

• Wheels - common• Floats – water operation• Skis - snow

Power Plant

Power Plant (Types)

• Pistonprop

• Turboprop

• Turbojet

• Turbofan

• Ramjet

Turbo Jet Engine

Single-spool Axial Flow Turbo Jet

Twin-spool By-pass Turbo-Jet

Ram Jet Engine

Lift, Thrust, Weight, and Drag

Bernaulli’s Equation

This is Bernoulli’s equation for an incompressible fluid, i.e. a fluid that cannot be compressed or expanded, and for which the density is invariable.

First term is the internal energy of unit mass of the air, ½ v² is the kinetic energy of unit mass and gz is the potential energy of unit mass. Thus, Bernoulli’s equation in this form is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy in the absence of heat exchanged and work done.

Aerofoil (Wing) Section

Air flow over an aerofoil inclined at a small angle

Pressure Distribution over Aerofoil

Lift Produced

Principal Aerodynamic Forces During Flight

Axes of an Airplane

Primary Flight Controls

Primary Flight Controls

Primary Flight Controls

• Aileron

• Elevator

• T-tail

• Canard

• Rudder

• V-tail

Pitch

Yaw

V-tail

Secondary Flight Controls

• Flaps

• Leading Edge Devices

• Spoilers

• Trim Devices

Flaps

Leading Edge Devices

Spoilers

Trim Systems

• Trim Tabs

• Balance Tabs

• Anti-servo Tabs

• Ground Adjustable Tabs

• Adjustable Stabilizer

Trim Tabs

Anti-servo Tabs

Ground Adjustable Tabs

Adjustable Stabilizer