networking basics presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Networking BasicsNetworking Basics
Comm 272: Digital TechnologiesComm 272: Digital Technologies
Why bother networking?Why bother networking?
Networking – any method of connecting your PC to another Networking – any method of connecting your PC to another computer system or common device.computer system or common device.
LAN, WAN, peer-to-peerLAN, WAN, peer-to-peer File sharing (MP3, common data), applications, email, printingFile sharing (MP3, common data), applications, email, printing Online/LAN gamingOnline/LAN gaming
Networking Basics
Basic hardware required for networkingBasic hardware required for networking
Computer system or device with a network cardComputer system or device with a network card Network (Ethernet) cableNetwork (Ethernet) cable Wireless (later)Wireless (later)
Networking Basics
IP AddressesIP Addresses
Internet Protocol AddressInternet Protocol Address Made up of 4 groupings of numbers used to identify computers Made up of 4 groupings of numbers used to identify computers
on a network or the internet.on a network or the internet. Only certain groups of IP addresses can talk together, based on Only certain groups of IP addresses can talk together, based on
how equipment is configured.how equipment is configured. IP Address is a unique identifier of a single device (computer, IP Address is a unique identifier of a single device (computer,
printer, etc) on a networkprinter, etc) on a network Can be static or dynamicCan be static or dynamic
Networking Basics
What’s a Subnet?What’s a Subnet?
As mentioned, a network is a group of computers configured to As mentioned, a network is a group of computers configured to communicate with each other.communicate with each other.
A subnet allows for multiple groups within a network to be further A subnet allows for multiple groups within a network to be further refined.refined.
A subnet allows for all Lab computers to be separated from A subnet allows for all Lab computers to be separated from Faculty computers, and all Student computers to be separated as Faculty computers, and all Student computers to be separated as well.well.
So why separate? Security, speed, manageability So why separate? Security, speed, manageability
Networking Basics
What’s a Gateway?What’s a Gateway?
The device that directs a device’s inbound and outbound traffic.The device that directs a device’s inbound and outbound traffic. Represented by an IP address.Represented by an IP address. Can be any of several types of devices, but it must be on the Can be any of several types of devices, but it must be on the
same network as the device in question.same network as the device in question.
Networking Basics
Networking EquipmentNetworking Equipment
Network CardNetwork Card Network CableNetwork Cable HubHub SwitchSwitch RouterRouter FirewallFirewall
Networking Basics
Connection and Transfer Speeds ExplainedConnection and Transfer Speeds Explained
Data speeds measured in kilobits per second (kbps) and megabits Data speeds measured in kilobits per second (kbps) and megabits per second (mbps)per second (mbps)
Modem speeds range from 14.4kbps to 28.8 to 33.6 to 56Modem speeds range from 14.4kbps to 28.8 to 33.6 to 56 ISDN (older digital dialup method) consists of paired channels of ISDN (older digital dialup method) consists of paired channels of
64kbps lines, allowing for up to 128k transmit and receive.64kbps lines, allowing for up to 128k transmit and receive. Cable modem speeds, typically, range from 500k to 2.5mbCable modem speeds, typically, range from 500k to 2.5mb DSL speeds vary, based on the type of service desired. However, DSL speeds vary, based on the type of service desired. However,
typical is between 256kbps and 1.5mbps.typical is between 256kbps and 1.5mbps.
Networking Basics
Connection and Transfer Speeds ExplainedConnection and Transfer Speeds Explained
LAN – Local area network speeds are based on the types of LAN – Local area network speeds are based on the types of equipment used. Wired networks support speeds at 10Mb, equipment used. Wired networks support speeds at 10Mb, 100Mb, and 1000Mb (1gb).100Mb, and 1000Mb (1gb).
WAN – Wide area networks support whatever speeds are WAN – Wide area networks support whatever speeds are supported by Internet Service Providers, anywhere from dialup at supported by Internet Service Providers, anywhere from dialup at
56K to OC192 at 9.95Gb.56K to OC192 at 9.95Gb.
Networking Basics
WAN Connection and Transfer SpeedsWAN Connection and Transfer Speeds
Dialup – 28.8 to 56kDialup – 28.8 to 56k ISDN – 64 to 128kISDN – 64 to 128k Cable – 500k to 2.5mbCable – 500k to 2.5mb DSL – 256k to 1.5mbDSL – 256k to 1.5mb T1 – 1.54mbT1 – 1.54mb T3 – 45mbT3 – 45mb OC1 – 52mbOC1 – 52mb OC3 – 155mbOC3 – 155mb OC48 – 2.4gbOC48 – 2.4gb OC192 – 9.95gbOC192 – 9.95gb
Networking Basics
WAN Connection and Transfer SpeedsWAN Connection and Transfer Speeds
Dialup – 28.8k to 56kDialup – 28.8k to 56k ISDN – 64k to 128kISDN – 64k to 128k Cable – 500k to 2.5mbCable – 500k to 2.5mb DSL – 256k to 1.5mbDSL – 256k to 1.5mb T1 – 1.54mbT1 – 1.54mb T3 – 45mbT3 – 45mb OC1 – 52mbOC1 – 52mb OC3 – 155mbOC3 – 155mb OC48 – 2.4gbOC48 – 2.4gb OC192 – 9.95gbOC192 – 9.95gb
Networking Basics
Network Equipment ExplainedNetwork Equipment Explained
Network CardNetwork Card – the component that is attached to the computer, – the component that is attached to the computer, and allows a cable to be connected. Without a network card (or and allows a cable to be connected. Without a network card (or NIC, network interface card), a computer cannot be configured NIC, network interface card), a computer cannot be configured for networking, which includes an IP address, subnet, and for networking, which includes an IP address, subnet, and gateway.gateway.
Network CableNetwork Cable – any type of cable (most commonly Ethernet), – any type of cable (most commonly Ethernet), that connects to a device’s network port on one end, and to a that connects to a device’s network port on one end, and to a networking device such as a hub or switch on the other end.networking device such as a hub or switch on the other end.
Networking Basics
Network Equipment ExplainedNetwork Equipment Explained
HubHub – a hub is a ‘dumb’ device that allows computers to connect – a hub is a ‘dumb’ device that allows computers to connect
to each other based on IP address.to each other based on IP address. A hub is a network device, but typically does not have an A hub is a network device, but typically does not have an
IP address.IP address. A hub doesn’t think about what it receives. It simply A hub doesn’t think about what it receives. It simply
forwards data on to all connected devices.forwards data on to all connected devices. Slower, older technology.Slower, older technology. Not good for high-traffic environmentsNot good for high-traffic environments Support speeds of 10mbps or 10/100mbpsSupport speeds of 10mbps or 10/100mbps
Networking Basics
Network Equipment ExplainedNetwork Equipment Explained
SwitchSwitch – a switch is a ‘smarter’ device that allows computers to – a switch is a ‘smarter’ device that allows computers to connect to each other based on IP addresses.connect to each other based on IP addresses.
A switch is a network device, and oftentimes will have an A switch is a network device, and oftentimes will have an IP address for management and configuration.IP address for management and configuration.
A switch processes everything it receives, and keeps a A switch processes everything it receives, and keeps a record of all devices connected to any of its ports.record of all devices connected to any of its ports.
A switch analyzes incoming traffic (known as packets), and A switch analyzes incoming traffic (known as packets), and sends that traffic to only the intended recipient device.sends that traffic to only the intended recipient device.
Switches are much faster, efficient, secure, and expensiveSwitches are much faster, efficient, secure, and expensive Support speeds of 10/100/1000mbps Support speeds of 10/100/1000mbps
Networking Basics
Network Equipment ExplainedNetwork Equipment Explained
RouterRouter – a router is a device that connects networks to other – a router is a device that connects networks to other networks, and allows these different network to talk to each networks, and allows these different network to talk to each other.other.
Built on ‘route tables’ of where other networks are Built on ‘route tables’ of where other networks are connectedconnected
Internet is connected by routersInternet is connected by routers Essentially, connects a LAN to another network Essentially, connects a LAN to another network
Networking Basics
Network Equipment ExplainedNetwork Equipment Explained
FirewallFirewall – a firewall is a device used for security purposes, to – a firewall is a device used for security purposes, to control what types of traffic are allowed into and out of a control what types of traffic are allowed into and out of a network.network.
Identifies services available on the inside of a protected Identifies services available on the inside of a protected network, and directs that traffic to the appropriate network, and directs that traffic to the appropriate destination.destination.
Directs web traffic to a web server, email traffic to an Directs web traffic to a web server, email traffic to an email server, etc.email server, etc.
Prevents any other access to other devices or servicesPrevents any other access to other devices or services Windows XP includes a basic personal firewall as part of Windows XP includes a basic personal firewall as part of
the NIC configurationthe NIC configuration
Networking Basics
Networking Basics
Office Networks
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TX RX ATTACH
PWR MODE FAULTSTACK
CISCO YSTEMSS
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EIA232
Catalyst 3900
Corporate Networks
Users
Printers
Public Internet
WAN Frame Relay
Servers
CISCOSYSTEMS
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Catalyst 3900
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Users
Printers
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Internet AccessInternet Email
Remote Access
Corporate Office/Host Site
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Router
Firewall
Router
Switches
Router
Switch
Networking Basics
DMZ Web SegmentVLAN 70 172 .16.100.x/24
www.intpart.comNATTED address
209.48.159.199 -> 172.16.100 .199
SDCISCOSYSTEMS
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SW6/Cisco 2948 G-L3 Switch192 .10.1.4/24
Bridge -Group 10,20,40,70
IT SegmentVLAN 30 192 .10.103.x/24
IT Workstations Printer
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SW4/Cisco 2924-XL Switch192.10.103 .5/24
Corp Backbone SegmentBridge-Group 10 192 .10.1.x/24
Corp Production Servers Printers
Development SegmentVLAN 20 192 .50.x.x/24
User SegmentVLAN 40 192 .10.104.x/24
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SW8/2980 G Switch 192.10.1.6/24
SW1/Cisco 2948G Switch192 .50.1.8/24
User Desktops Printers
Development Workstations /Servers
Printers
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SW2/Cisco 2948 G-L3 Switch192 .10.1.9/24
SW3/Cisco 2924-XL Switch192.10.1.254/24
Watchguard Firewall209 .48.159.193 /27
Cisco 2524Intermedia Uplink
Internet
Corporate 3640e0192 .10.1.1s0 10 .100 .1.1
BRI0 172 .16.1.1
ISDN DDR Digex T1 WAN Frame Relay Full Corporate Network
1/2001
100MB Trunk
Fiber Gig Trunk
VPN – Virtual Private NetworkVPN – Virtual Private Network
VPNs allow devices to connect to networks over secure ‘tunnels’VPNs allow devices to connect to networks over secure ‘tunnels’ Allows a computer or network of computers to connect to a Allows a computer or network of computers to connect to a
remote network as if it were physically connected.remote network as if it were physically connected. VPNs operate over Internet connectionsVPNs operate over Internet connections
Networking Basics
Home NetworkingHome Networking
Home networking is based on the same principlesHome networking is based on the same principles A computer has an IP address and connects to a hub or switchA computer has an IP address and connects to a hub or switch The hub or switch connects to a routerThe hub or switch connects to a router The router is connected to the Internet connectionThe router is connected to the Internet connection Allows multiple computers to access each other, as well as share Allows multiple computers to access each other, as well as share
the same internet connectionthe same internet connection Some home-networking routers have switch and firewall Some home-networking routers have switch and firewall
technology built in, for ease of setup, configuration, and use.technology built in, for ease of setup, configuration, and use. Very easy to configure, and most ISPs now support use of home Very easy to configure, and most ISPs now support use of home
networking.networking.
Networking Basics
Wireless NetworkingWireless Networking
Built on the same principles of ‘wired’ networks, but the Built on the same principles of ‘wired’ networks, but the equipment used is different.equipment used is different.
Wireless Routers, Access Points, and Wireless Network CardsWireless Routers, Access Points, and Wireless Network Cards Protocol used is 802.11a/b/g – each has different properties Protocol used is 802.11a/b/g – each has different properties
Networking Basics
Wireless NetworkingWireless Networking
802.11b details –802.11b details – Most popular, cheapestMost popular, cheapest Up to 11Mbps transfer speedUp to 11Mbps transfer speed Range of between 100 and 150 feet, assuming no Range of between 100 and 150 feet, assuming no
obstaclesobstacles Public Hotspots (ie, Starbucks, etc) operate on 802.11b Public Hotspots (ie, Starbucks, etc) operate on 802.11b
Networking Basics
Wireless NetworkingWireless Networking
802.11a details – 802.11a details – Relatively new technologyRelatively new technology Up to 54Mbps transfer speedUp to 54Mbps transfer speed More costlyMore costly Shorter range, between 25-75 feetShorter range, between 25-75 feet No public hotspots at this timeNo public hotspots at this time Not compatible with other wireless protocols Not compatible with other wireless protocols
Networking Basics
Wireless NetworkingWireless Networking
802.11g details –802.11g details – Growing popularity, fairly inexpensiveGrowing popularity, fairly inexpensive Newest home wireless networking technologyNewest home wireless networking technology Up to 54Mbps transfer speedUp to 54Mbps transfer speed Range of between 100 and 150 feetRange of between 100 and 150 feet Compatible with 802.11b access points at 11Mbps speedCompatible with 802.11b access points at 11Mbps speed
Networking Basics
Wireless NetworkingWireless Networking
Different configuration requirements include Network Different configuration requirements include Network name (SSID), Network Key, and WEP (if used) for name (SSID), Network Key, and WEP (if used) for security and access control.security and access control.
http://http://www.linksys.comwww.linksys.com – for more info on wireless – for more info on wireless and home networking devices and options.and home networking devices and options.
Networking Basics
Other Thoughts…Other Thoughts…
The Internet is really the interconnection of many The Internet is really the interconnection of many individual networksindividual networks
When you connect to a website, you’re connecting to When you connect to a website, you’re connecting to a network in a different location.a network in a different location.
Networking Basics
Other Thoughts… DNSOther Thoughts… DNS
DNSDNS – Domain Name Service associates an Internet domain – Domain Name Service associates an Internet domain name with an IP address.name with an IP address.
You can connect to a website by a name (ie. You can connect to a website by a name (ie. www.vanguard.eduwww.vanguard.edu) or by an IP address (ie. ) or by an IP address (ie. http://66.161.76.168http://66.161.76.168))
Email works the same way. Send an email to Email works the same way. Send an email to [email protected]@vanguard.edu rather than rather than [email protected]@66.161.76.159
What if I change networks?What if I change networks?
Networking Basics
Other Thoughts… DNSOther Thoughts… DNS
Wait! Why are those numbers different when they’re Wait! Why are those numbers different when they’re both vanguard.edu?both vanguard.edu?
Because they’re set up to be different servers: www and Because they’re set up to be different servers: www and mail. If they were the same server, they’d both be the mail. If they were the same server, they’d both be the same IP address.same IP address.
www.vanguard.eduwww.vanguard.edu = 66.161.76.168 = 66.161.76.168 mail.vanguard.edu = 66.161.76.159mail.vanguard.edu = 66.161.76.159
Domain name is a ‘friendly’, easy way to access a website.Domain name is a ‘friendly’, easy way to access a website.
Networking Basics
Other Thoughts… Network AuthenticationOther Thoughts… Network Authentication
Network Access and AuthenticationNetwork Access and Authentication Networks are groups of computers with access to shared, Networks are groups of computers with access to shared,
common resources.common resources. These networks can operate in a peer-to-peer capacity These networks can operate in a peer-to-peer capacity
using workgroups, or a Domain model for enhanced using workgroups, or a Domain model for enhanced resource security and access control.resource security and access control.
Networking Basics
Other Thoughts… Network AuthenticationOther Thoughts… Network Authentication
Workgroup connections are based on local PC security Workgroup connections are based on local PC security configurations. configurations.
If you want access to my music, I need to give you a If you want access to my music, I need to give you a password to get into the folder where I keep them.password to get into the folder where I keep them.
Networking Basics
Other Thoughts… Network AuthenticationOther Thoughts… Network Authentication
A Domain is a group of computers and users with access to A Domain is a group of computers and users with access to common shared resources, also a part of the domain, where common shared resources, also a part of the domain, where access security is managed from a common location, a Domain access security is managed from a common location, a Domain Controller.Controller.
To get access to a domain resource, first you need a To get access to a domain resource, first you need a domain account. Then an administrator will assign your domain account. Then an administrator will assign your account access to specific resources. account access to specific resources.
Networking Basics
Questions?Questions?
Networking Basics
Networking Basics
Firewall 1Firewall 2
SJ-SI-IN-1MNG 10.1.1.33RS1 10.1.1.28RS3 10.1.1.30RS7 10.1.1.40
SJ-SI-IN-2MNG 10.1.1.34RS2 10.1.1.29RS4 10.1.1.31RS6 10.1.1.39
SJ-SI-OUT-1PRIMARY
MNG 64.244.242.151VIP1 64.244.242.150VIP2 64.244.242.153RS1 64.244.242.154RS3 64.244.242.156RS7 64.244.242.147
SJ-SI-OUT-2STAND BY
MNG 64.244.242.152VIP1 64.244.242.150VIP2 64.244.242.153RS2 64.244.242.155RS4 64.244.242.157RS6 64.244.242.146
L2 Switch L2 Switch
AA GIG
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64.244 .242.148MAC
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64.244 .242.149MAC
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SVDIG-WWW-P0110.1.1.28
SVDIG-WWW-P0310.1.1.30
SVDIG-WWW-P0210.1.1.29
SVDIG-WWW-P0410.1.1.31
ROUTER192.10.100 .1
Directfit Website Load Balancing Configuration
XSTP
SVDIG-STR-P0110.1.1.39
SVDIG-STR-P0210.1.1.40
UPD BRussell03/2002