Appendix 43

Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 1

RETROSPECTIVE SEROSURVEY OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE (FMD) IN FREE RANGING DOMESTIC PIGS AND

WILD SUIDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Madrid, SPAIN.

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, KENYA.

Animal Pathology Dpt, National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET), CAMEROON. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries. Entebbe, UGANDA.

Dr. MARISA ARIAS

2007 2009

2010 2011

The role of swine species plays in the spread and maintenance of the disease in endemic areas is barely known.

Situation of FMD in the last five years

Retrospective serosurvey on FMD using in domestic

pigs and wild suids field serum samples collected during ASF surveillance programs, between 2004 and 2011 from sub-Saharan regions.

EuFMD initiative

Joint synergies with other Reference Laboratories

EU Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (ASF)- (CISA-INIA) through an active cooperation with ILRI (Kenya) and the Ministries of Agriculture of the respective African countries ( Kenya, Cameroon; Uganda, Tanzania)

in collaboration with INIA and MAGRAMA Spanish Ministry of Agriculture to carry out this work

The low FMDV seropositivity rate observed in domestic pigs in FMD-endemic areas of Africa suggests that this species does not play a relevant role in the epidemiology of FMD in the studied areas.

All Wild suids samples examined from Kenya (eastern and western provinces, n: 77, 2006-2008) were negative against FMDV antibodies.

Conclusion Pilot Study

SEROLOGICAL TEST

Study performed by using:

FMDV recombinant 3ABC non-structural protein

(NSP) immunoblotting (IB). Optimized and evaluated

(in house method).

PERFORMING THE TECHNIQUES ACCORDING TO THE STANDARIZED PROTOCOLS

AT CISA-INIA

FMDV recombinant 3ABC (E.Coli) non-structural protein (NSP) indirect ELISA. Blanco et al, 2002. Veterinary Microbiology. 85, 13-21 Serological evidence of FMD subclinical infection in sheep population during the 1999 epidemic in Morocco.

Blanco et al, 2000. European Commission for the control of FMD. Research group report 27, 211-221. Improved indirect ELISA based on the 3ABC polyprotein for differential infection from vaccination in foot and mouth disease.

Employed in the surveillance programme of Agricultural Ministry 2001, (more than 45.000 pig serum samples were analysed)

Comparative study between PrioCHECK FMDV NS

and In house 3ABC ELISA/IB

EAST AFRICA

KENYA

TANZANIA

UGANDA

WEST AFRICA

CAMEROON

Sampling areas

- To be in mind: Samples collected for ASF purpose. Insufficient amount

to perform all FMD serological test (such as VNT).

- Characteristic FMD clinical signs were not present in pigs sampled

Appendix 43

Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 2

2005 C entral P rovinc e 86

2006 Nyanza P rovinc e 27

2008 Nyanza P rovinc e 36

2009 C entral P rovinc e 88

Nyanza P rovinc e 13

C entral P rovinc e 35

C oas t P rovinc e 2

C entral P rovinc e 1

Wes tern P rovinc e 281

Nyanza P rovinc e 49

2006 Nort E as te P rovinc e 28

2007 Nort E as te P rovinc e 20

Nort E as te P rovinc e 27

Nyanza P rovinc e 2

77

2008

WIL

D P

IGS

K enya

T OT AL

C ountry C ollec tion Date P R OVINC ENº S erum

s amples

c ollec ted

P R OVINC ENº S erum

s amples

c ollec ted

DO

ME

STI

C P

IGS

T OT AL 618

2011

K enya 2010

C ountry C ollec tion Date

SERA SAMPLES ANALYZED

KENYA EAST AFRICA

DOMESTIC PIGS

2005 86

2009 88

2010 35

2011 1

C entral P rovinc e

C ollec tion D ateNº S erum

sa mples

c ollec ted

T OT AL 210

2011 281

Wes tern

C ollec tion D ateNº S erum

sa mples

c ollec ted

T OT AL 281

2006 27

2008 36

2010 13

2011 49

Nyanz a P rovinc e

C ollec tion D ateNº S erum

sa mples

c ollec ted

T OT AL 125

2011 2

TOTAL 2

C oas t P rovinc e

C ollec tion DateNº S erum s amples

c ollec ted

WILD PIGS

2006 28

2007 20

2008 27

North E as tern P rovinc e

C ollec tion DateNº S erum

s amples

c ollec ted

T OT AL 75

2008 2

C ollec tion D ateNº S erum

sa mples

c ollec ted

Nyanz a P rovinc e

T OT AL 2

No

pos itive s

% of

pos itive s

2005 Central Provinc e 86 0 0

2006 Nyanz a Provinc e 27 2 7

2008 Nyanz a Provinc e 36 0 0

2009 Central Provinc e 88 0 0

Nyanz a Provinc e 13 0 0

Central Provinc e 35 0 0

Coas t Provinc e 2 0 0

Central Provinc e 1 0 0

Wes tern Provinc e 281 6 2

Nyanz a Provinc e 49 1 2

2011

K enya

Nº sa mples

c ollec ted

F MD 3AB CP R OVINC E

2010

C ountry C ollec tion D ate

RESULTS

No

positives

% of

positives

2006 North E astern P rovince 28 0 0

2007 North E astern P rovince 20 0 0

North E astern P rovince 27 0 0

Nyanza P rovince 2 0 02008

K enya

FMD 3ABC

Country Collection Date PROVINCENº samples

collected

DOMESTIC

PIGS

WILD

PIGS

KENYA EAST AFRICA

6 Positive 2011

DOMESTIC PIGS

2 Positive 2006

1 Positive 2011

WILD PIGS

0 Positive samples

Appendix 43

Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 3

SERA SAMPLES ANALYZED

DO

ME

ST

IC P

IGS

Tanzanya 2004

35

34

27

P R OVINC ENº S erum

s amples

c ollec ted

T OT AL 96

AR US HA

MANY AR A

DODOMA

C ountry C ollec tion Date

EAST AFRICA TANZANIA

2004 35

Nº S erum

s amples

c ollec tedC ollec tion Date

T OT AL 35

Dodoma

2004 34

Manyara

C ollec tion DateNº S erum

s amples

c ollec ted

T OT AL 34

2004 27

A rus ha

C ollec tion DateNº S erum s amples

c ollec ted

T OT AL 27

DOMESTIC PIGS 2004

DOMESTIC

PIGS

No

positives

% of

positives

DODOMA 35 2 6

MANY AR A 34 3 9

AR US HA 27 0 0

PROVINCENº samples

collected

FMD 3ABC

Tanzanya 2004

Country Collection Date

EAST AFRICA TANZANIA RESULTS

3 Positive 2004

DOMESTIC PIGS

2 Positive 2004

2006 WHOL E C OUNT R Y 68

MUK ONO 9

NAK AS ANG OL A 7

WAK IS O 10

2007

DO

ME

ST

IC P

IGS

Ug anda

94T OT AL

C ountry C ollec tion Date P R OVINC ENº S erum

s amples

c ollec ted

UGANDA EAST AFRICA

SERA SAMPLES ANALYZED

DOMESTIC PIGS

2006 68

WHOL E C OUNT R Y

C ollec tion Date

T OT AL 68

Nº S erum s amples c ollec ted

2007 9

Mukono

T OT AL 9

C ollec tion DateNº S erum s amples

c ollec ted

Nº S erum s amples

2007 7

Nakas ang ola

T OT AL 7

C ollec tion Date

2007 10

Wakis o

C ollec tion Date

T OT AL 10

Nº S erum s amples

c ollec ted

0 Positive samples

Appendix 43

Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 4

WEST AFRICA

CAMEROON

61

T OT AL 61

C ountry C ollec tion Date P R OVINC ENº S erum

s amples

c ollec ted

C AME R OON

DO

ME

ST

IC P

IGS

2010 NOR T H P R OVINC E

CAMEROON WEST AFRICA

SERA SAMPLES ANALYZED

2010 61

North P rovinc e

C ollec tion DateNº S erum s amples c ollec ted

T OT AL 61

0 Positive samples

DOMESTIC PIGS

EAST AFRICA

KENYA TANZANIA UGANDA

WEST AFRICA

CAMEROON

Nº POS / TOTAL SAMPLES

DOME S T IC P IG S2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010,

2011

WIL D P IG S

2006, 2007, 2008

DOME S T IC P IG S

2004

DOME S T IC P IG S

2006, 2007

DOME S T IC P IG S

2004C AME R OON 0/61

K E NY A9/618

0/77

TANZ ANY A

UG ANDA

5/96

0/94

SUMMARY

Comparative study between Priockeck and In house 3ABC/IB

POSITIVES SAMPLES In house PrioCHECK

ELISA and IB 3 ABC FMDV NS

Nº positives Nº positives

DODOMA 2 2MANY AR A 3 1

Antibodies FMD 3ABC

Tanzanya 2004

CountryCollection

DatePROVINCE

NEGATIVES SAMPLES

In house PrioCHECK

ELISA and IB 3 ABC FMDV NSNº positives Nº positives

2004 Nyanza 2 2Wes tern 6 0Nyanza 1 0

Antibodies FMD 3ABC

CountryCollection

DatePROVINCE

K E NY A2011

100% concordance: In house 3ABC ELISA / PrioCHECK FMDV NS

n=60

The low FMDV seropositivity rate observed in domestic pigs in FMD-endemic areas of Africa suggests that this species does not play a relevant role in the epidemiology of FMD in the studied areas.

All Wild suids samples examined from Kenya (eastern and western provinces, n: 77, 2006-2008) were negative against FMDV antibodies.

Conclusion Pilot Study

Appendix 43

Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CISA-INIA TEAMS : Emerging and Transboundary Animal Diseases and the EU Reference Laboratory for ASF

Cameroon

Tanzania