preparing a speech: outline

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Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline

Components of a Speech

Steps of Preparing a Speech

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• Introduction

• Body

• Conclusion

• Transitions

Components of a Speech

Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Components of a Speech


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• [[fig:9146]] Your introduction should immediately capture your audience's

attention and interest.

• Introduce yourself and who you are in your introduction to establish your

credibility and authority to be speaking on your given subject.

• Your introduction should give your audience a preview of what they can expect to

hear for the duration of your speech.

• When preparing your speech, it's actually easier to write your introduction last,

after you have written the rest of your speech.

Introduction


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President William Howard Taft introducing the Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield, Massachusetts

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• Organize your thoughts into a cohesive, logical flow of ideas.

• Each main point of your speech should support your speech's purpose.

• Use a variety of examples to illustrate the main points of your speech, from

research, facts and figures, to personal anecdotes and references.

• Don't be afraid to let your personality come through; know your audience and

tailor your approach accordingly. The body of your speech should be creative and

engaging.

• Don't stray too far from your outline; you will quickly lose your audience's interest

if you begin wandering off topic into points or anecdotes that don't support your

speech's purpose or objective. You don't want to appear disorganized or sound

overly verbose.

Body


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Use the body of your speech to go into detail about your main points.



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• Use your conclusion as an opportunity to summarize the main points of your

speech.

• Don't repeat your main points word for word; rather, paraphrase the key themes

and arguments you have just presented.

• Consider ending your speech with an additional anecdote or quotation that

captures the theme of your speech.

• Don't introduce any new points or supportive evidence into your conclusion as it

will confuse your audience.

• Use trigger phrases such as "in conclusion" or "in summary" to prepare your

audience for the end of your speech.

• Write your conclusion at the same time as the introduction (after you write the

body) so that the introduction and conclusion complement one another.

Conclusion


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The conclusion of your speech summarizes your main points and purpose while leaving a lasting impression with your audience.



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• Transitions are used to show the linkage or connection between main points.

• Types of transitions include temporal, equality, causality, compare and contrast,

and summary.

• After you determine the main points of your speech, order them logically and then

determine how you will transition from one point to the next.

Transitions


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Your speech should flow logically and smoothly from one point to the next.



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https://www.boundless.com/image/your-speech-should-flow-logically-and-smoothly-from-one-point-to-the-next

• Choosing a Topic

• Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where

• Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence

• Developing Your Thesis

• Supporting Your Ideas

• Organizing and Outlining the Speech

• Wording the Speech

• Preparing to Present

• Delivering the Speech

Steps of Preparing a Speech

Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech


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• Before you can begin writing your speech, you must first establish the main topic

about which you plan to speak.

• Brainstorm early and often! You can try a variety of techniques to get your mental

juices flowing, from clustering to free writing. Even just talking through your ideas

with another person as a sounding board is a great way to get ideas.

• Once you start to get an idea of your topic, do a little preliminary research. See

what others may have written or said about your general topic; reading their ideas

may help give you some new ideas or directions of your own.

Choosing a Topic


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Clustering



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https://www.boundless.com/image/clustering

• Take into account the demographics of your audience: gender, age, industry, the

event at which you're speaking, common interests, culture and ethnicity, and how

much they already may or may not know about your speech topic.

• Never stereotype your audience based on any of their demographics.

• Be mindful of gestures, colloquialisms, idioms, or other ethnocentric

expressions (slang, mannerisms, etc.) you might make during your speech. It's

important to recognize what is accepted in one culture may be offensive in

another.

Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where


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Audience waiting for a show to begin.



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• Make sure you find credible sources of information, whether they be from

scholarly sources that have been peer-reviewed, or irrefutable facts.

• There are many places you can go to research; while the internet might seem like

the easiest place to find information, you always want to double check to make

sure those sources are accurate and credible.

• Don't use research that might be outdated, particularly with regard to scientific or

technological advances.

• Make sure you acknowledge your sources. You may not directly reference them

in your speech, but if questioned afterward, you'll want to know from where you

found your information.

• Never copy information word for word and claim it as your own; this is plagiarism

and erodes the ethical integrity of you, your speech, and your reputation.

Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence


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Student researching.



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• The main argument of your speech is your thesis statement: what case are you

trying to make?

• If you are arguing for or against a certain idea, belief or topic, you must provide

compelling evidence to support your position.

• When crafting your thesis statement, consider potential arguments, questions, or

concerns someone with an opposing viewpoint may have. This process helps you

develop a more robust thesis.

Developing Your Thesis


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Painting depicting a lecture in a knight academy.



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• Set the stage for how you plan to address your argument and make your case by

laying out the exposition of your argument.

• Appeal to your audience's core beliefs, goals or common interests to influence

your audience by persuasion.

• If you are speaking to a sympathetic crowd, consider influencing your audience

by suggestion or popular sentiment on your given topic.

• Use personal narratives and anecdotes to make your case if appropriate to your

audience, topic, and speech venue.

• If your idea is complex, consider breaking it down into simpler parts to more

thoroughly and easily describe your idea. Help your audience to visualize your

points by articulately describing them.

Supporting Your Ideas


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Preparing supporting ideas and materials



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• To organize your thoughts, consider giving each point or supporting evidence its

own note card. Begin to arrange them according to importance and your main

points will begin to emerge.

• Outlines typically begin with your thesis and end with any concluding thoughts.

• Depending on your topic or thesis, arranging your points chronologically is an

effective way to establish a timeline of your argument.

• If giving an informational speech, you might describe your subject as parts of an

object, outlining each part or section.

• You can move from broad points to specific points, or vice versa, depending on

the effect you are trying to achieve and the argument you are trying to make.

Organizing and Outlining the Speech


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Arranging notes and research to form an outline



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• Use the ABC approach to begin your first draft. The Abstract explains your thesis.

The Body features your main points and supporting evidence. The Conclusion

contains your final thoughts and reiterates your point.

• Make sure to have all of your notes and research close by and easily accessible

so you can turn to your sources as often as you need to while your draft your

speech.

• Editing and revising are not the same thing. To edit, review your speech for

changes. To revise, actually implement those changes. Editing and revising are

cyclical in nature as you continue to hone your draft.

• If on your first draft you find yourself going off on a tangent, allow yourself to

follow it. You can always edit, revise and remove sections later that are wordy or

off-topic.

• Writer's block can happen to even the best writers. Take a break for a few

minutes and come back to your speech renewed and refreshed. But don't stay

away too long or you might lose your momentum.

Wording the Speech


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Handwritten speech notes by President Ronald Reagan



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• Determine how you will present your speech: will you read it verbatim, memorize

it, or read from an outline of notes?

• Reading verbatim has both its positives and negatives. On the plus side, you'll

have your entire speech written out in front of you; however, these types of

speeches tend to feel a bit stilted to audience members.

• Memorizing your speech can seem like a weighty task, but it allows you to retain

all of your key points and wording while still appearing natural and effortless to

your audience. It frees you from having to read right off of a manuscript.

• When speaking extemporaneously, you can have a rough outline of your notes.

You might have this on a single sheet or perhaps across several notecards. In

either case, these serve as reminders about your topic, your points and in what

order they should be shared.

• If you're nervous about presenting in front of a group of people for the first time,

work out your nerves by asking a small group of friends or colleagues to be your

test audience. Your test audience can give you immediate feedback on what you

did well and how you could improve.

• Ever wonder what you look like while giving a speech? Practice in front of a

mirror, or better yet: record yourself. You'll be able to see if you have any

unconscious gestures or habits that you can correct or prevent as you feel them

happening.

Preparing to Present


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A student rehearses his speech.



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• Make sure you dress to impress. While some speeches may be delivered in a

casual setting, you want to make sure you're wearing clothing appropriate to the

dress code of your event.

• Be aware of your body language. A closed body position (arms crossed,

shoulders hunched) and lack of eye contact will make it extremely difficult for your

audience to engage with you.

• Engage your audience by making eye contact with them. If making eye contact

wigs you out, you can always look just above their heads to give the same effect.

• Stand up straight, remember to breathe, and limit your "um"s, "uh"s, and "like"s.

Use whole phrases like "should have" instead of "shoulda." Avoid slang or

profanity.

• Have a backup plan in case equipment fails for things such as visual aids,

PowerPoint presentations, or teleprompters.

Delivering the Speech


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A woman delivers a speech at a TEDx event.



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Appendix

Key terms

• abstract Difficult to understand; abstruse. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis. (

CC BY-SA 3.0)

• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis. (

CC BY-SA 3.0)

• audience A group of people within hearing; specifically a group of people listening to a performance, speech etc.; the crowd seeing a stage performance. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• body language Body language is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication. It consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• brainstorming A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously. (CC BY-SA 3.0

)

• brainstorming A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously. (CC BY-SA 3.0

)

• chronological In order of time from the earliest to the latest (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• demographic A demographic criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• distill To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• eloquence The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• ethnocentrism The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote




http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/audience


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming




http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chronological


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographic


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distill


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eloquence


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethnocentrism


• exposition The act of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• extemporaneous A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of delivery. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• plagiarism The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• rebut To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• segue To make a smooth transition from one theme to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• stereotype A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• summarize To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• thesis A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• thesis statement A thesis statement summarizes a speech's argument in one to three sentences. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• topic Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• transition The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• verbatim A word-for-word report of a speech. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exposition


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/extemporaneous


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plagiarism


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebut


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/segue


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stereotype


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/summarize


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thesis+statement


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verbatim


• writer's block The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/writer's+block


President William Howard Taft introducing the Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield, Massachusetts


Wikimedia. "President William Howard Taft introducing the Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield, Massachusetts." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_William_Howard_Taft_introducing_the_Springfield_Municipal_Group_in_Springfield,_Massachusetts.jpg




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Your introduction will set the tone for the rest of your speech.


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Use the body of your speech to go into detail about your main points.


Wikimedia. "US Navy 040605-N-6633C-002 Commander Naval Reserve Force, Vice Adm. John G. Cotton, is silhouetted in front of a Powerpoint slide mapping out the Naval Reserve Force's future." CC BY-SA

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The conclusion of your speech summarizes your main points and purpose while leaving a lasting impression with your audience.


Wikimedia. "Conclusion of a Presentation at Wiki Conference India." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conclusion_of_a_Presentation_at_Wiki_Conference_India.JPG View on Boundless.com



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Your speech should flow logically and smoothly from one point to the next.


Wikimedia. "Tuvalu woman speaking on the climate threat her culture and nation face." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuvalu_woman_speaking_on_the_climate_threat_her_culture_and_nation_face.jpg View on Boundless.com



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Clustering


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Audience waiting for a show to begin.


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Student researching.


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Painting depicting a lecture in a knight academy.


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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain

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Preparing supporting ideas and materials


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Arranging notes and research to form an outline


Flickr. "Outline:19 minutes to write | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/jessicamullen/4116745087/ View on Boundless.com



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Handwritten speech notes by President Ronald Reagan


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A student rehearses his speech.


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A woman delivers a speech at a TEDx event.


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An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.

A) A demonstration

B) An example

C) An anecdote

D) A testimonial

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "anecdote." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote



A) A demonstration

B) An example

C) An anecdote

D) A testimonial

http://www.boundless.com/





To establish your credibility and authority, as well as set the tone during a speech, you should first ________

A) introduce yourself and why you are the appropriate individual to speak on your given subject.

B) go into detail about your main points.

C) summarize your main points.

D) deliver compelling evidence to support your primary argument.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/


To establish your credibility and authority, as well as set the tone during a speech, you should first ________

A) introduce yourself and why you are the appropriate individual to speak on your given subject.

B) go into detail about your main points.

C) summarize your main points.

D) deliver compelling evidence to support your primary argument.






A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously.

A) brainstorming

B) segue

C) reiterate

D) transition

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming



A) brainstorming

B) segue

C) reiterate

D) transition







A) verbatim

B) extemporaneous

C) chronological

D) brainstorming




A) topic

B) brainstorming

C) narrow

D) scope



If the purpose of a speaker's main points is to entertain the audience, which of the following should he or she include in the body?

A) Data, statistics and research

B) Anecdotes and personal stories

C) A combination of research and media

D) Videos, charts, or images



The conclusion of a speech serves as a bookend to the speech's body, and therefore should be written

A) before the body.

B) after the introduction.

C) after the body.

D) before the introduction.



To end the speech on a high note, and ensure the audience remembers the main points of the presentation, the speaker should share

A) a quote or anecdote.

B) a theme or concept.

C) a fact.

D) a statistic.



To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review

A) audience

B) segue

C) summarize

D) transition

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "summarize." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/summarize


To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review

A) audience

B) segue

C) summarize

D) transition



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/summarize



To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.

A) audience

B) anecdote

C) reiterate

D) segue

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "segue." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/segue


To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.

A) audience

B) anecdote

C) reiterate

D) segue



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/segue



The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to another.

A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) reiterate

D) transition

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition



A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) reiterate

D) transition







A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) transition

D) detour




A) informative speech

B) wisdom

C) transition

D) topic outline




A) anecdote

B) detour

C) transition

D) draft




A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

D) commemorative speech



Which of the following transitions are used to highlight similar points in the speech using words including "like", "in addition", and "moreover"?

A) Equality transitions

B) Causality transitions

C) Introductions and summaries

D) Temporal transitions



A student is asked to give a 5-minute persuasive speech to his classmates. When he presents a critique his girlfriend’s intimate anatomy, he has all of his classmates laughing so much that only the instructor notices the speech was almost twice its assigned length. Which constraint on topic selection was the only one the speaker did NOT ignore?

A) Purpose

B) Context

C) Audience

D) Time frame

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comSaylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


A student is asked to give a 5-minute persuasive speech to his classmates. When he presents a critique his girlfriend’s intimate anatomy, he has all of his classmates laughing so much that only the instructor notices the speech was almost twice its assigned length. Which constraint on topic selection was the only one the speaker did NOT ignore?

A) Purpose

B) Context

C) Audience

D) Time frame


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/



Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.

A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) choose

D) topic

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic



A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) choose

D) topic







A) segue

B) reiterate

C) brainstorming

D) transition




A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction




A) topic

B) brainstorming

C) expert

D) knowledge




A) brainstorming

B) topic

C) narrow

D) scope




A) thesis

B) ethnocentrism

C) writer's block

D) topic



To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify.

A) anecdote

B) distill

C) chronological

D) body language

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "distill." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distill


To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify.

A) anecdote

B) distill

C) chronological

D) body language



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distill




A) brainstorming

B) verbatim

C) extemporaneous

D) chronological



After brainstorming one or multiple topics, speech writers should move on to which of the following steps?

A) Research what other writers have said about the topic.

B) Develop the thesis or argument of the speech.

C) Refine and synthesize the ideas into one topic.

D) Write associated ideas, topics, or subcategories related to that main topic.



A _______ criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.

A) demographic

B) channel

C) message

D) noise

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "demographic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographic


A _______ criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.

A) demographic

B) channel

C) message

D) noise






Writers should consider which of the following factors when tailoring their speech toward a specific audience?

A) All of these answers

B) Gender and age

C) Cultural background and/or ethnicity

D) Speaker gestures and mannerisms



A characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.

A) Demographic

B) Psychographic

C) Firmographic

D) Geodemography

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "demographic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographic


A characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.

A) Demographic

B) Psychographic

C) Firmographic

D) Geodemography






The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture.

A) plagiarism

B) thesis statement

C) ethnocentrism

D) abstract

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "ethnocentrism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethnocentrism


The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture.

A) plagiarism

B) thesis statement

C) ethnocentrism

D) abstract



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethnocentrism



A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image.

A) plagiarism

B) stereotype

C) thesis statement

D) eloquence

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "stereotype." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stereotype


A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image.

A) plagiarism

B) stereotype

C) thesis statement

D) eloquence



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stereotype



Speech writers can ensure they are using credible sources to back up their claims by drawing upon sources such as

A) tabloid newspapers.

B) scholarly journals.

C) Internet blogs.

D) word-of-mouth.



The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission.

A) ethics

B) ethical

C) plagiarism

D) recuse

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "plagiarism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plagiarism



A) ethics

B) ethical

C) plagiarism

D) recuse







A) ethics

B) open-minded

C) plagiarism

D) ethical




A) anecdote

B) thesis

C) plagiarism

D) ethnocentrism



When used for developing the contents of a speech, what does the word support refer to?

A) A type of evidence that is used to persuade

B) The use of credible, reliable, reputable sources

C) The application of timely and relevant empirical data

D) A range of strategies that reinforce a central idea

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comSaylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


When used for developing the contents of a speech, what does the word support refer to?

A) A type of evidence that is used to persuade

B) The use of credible, reliable, reputable sources

C) The application of timely and relevant empirical data

D) A range of strategies that reinforce a central idea






A _______ summarizes a speech's argument in one to three sentences.

A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) distill

D) thesis statement

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "thesis statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thesis+statement


A _______ summarizes a speech's argument in one to three sentences.

A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) distill

D) thesis statement



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thesis+statement



To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it.

A) brainstorming

B) thesis

C) rebut

D) body language

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "rebut." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebut


To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it.

A) brainstorming

B) thesis

C) rebut

D) body language



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebut



The thesis statement should be presented at which point of the speech?

A) In the introduction

B) In the body

C) At the conclusion

D) Throughout the speech



The act of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing.

A) verbatim

B) topic

C) exposition

D) stereotype

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "exposition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exposition


The act of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing.

A) verbatim

B) topic

C) exposition

D) stereotype



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exposition




A) segue

B) anecdote

C) brainstorming

D) transition




A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction




A) scientific evidence

B) anecdote

C) comprehendible

D) Median




A) An anecdote

B) A demonstration

C) An example

D) A testimonial



Speech writers who adopt an expository approach when supporting claims in a speech allow speakers to

A) break down the main argument into simple parts that are easy for the audience to understand.

B) tell a story or anecdote that makes the speaker personable and believable.

C) show the similarities between the audience and topic, and the presenter and audience.

D) present all of the background information the audience needs to know to understand the main argument.



Organizing a speech thesis into smaller, logical steps to build toward a larger, more complex idea helps strengthen

A) the speech's conclusion.

B) the speech's introduction

C) the speech's supporting evidence.

D) the thesis' main argument.



A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long.

A) plagiarism

B) thesis

C) stereotype

D) eloquence

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0




A) plagiarism

B) thesis

C) stereotype

D) eloquence






In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) plagiarism

B) exposition

C) chronological

D) eloquence

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "chronological." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chronological


In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) plagiarism

B) exposition

C) chronological

D) eloquence



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chronological




A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) introduction

D) thesis

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis



A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) introduction

D) thesis







A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0




A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general






Difficult to understand; abstruse.

A) abstract

B) extemporaneous

C) demographic

D) stereotype

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "abstract." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract



A) abstract

B) extemporaneous

C) demographic

D) stereotype






The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) eloquence

D) stereotype

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "eloquence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eloquence


The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) eloquence

D) stereotype



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eloquence




A) direct

B) abstract

C) objectivity

D) orality

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "abstract." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract



A) direct

B) abstract

C) objectivity

D) orality






The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary.

A) anecdote

B) brainstorming

C) ethnocentrism

D) writer's block

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "writer's block." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/writer's+block


The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary.

A) anecdote

B) brainstorming

C) ethnocentrism

D) writer's block



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/writer's+block



Which of the following examples best describes the editing process?

A) Developing substantive claims to support and argue the speech's thesis

B) Connecting the main points in the conclusion

C) Introducing a summary of the subject and main thesis

D) Rewriting awkward phrasing or parts throughout the speech



Which of the following is the most important consideration when choosing between a sentence outline and note cards for delivering your speech?

A) If you use a sentence outline, you will end up reading to your audience rather than speaking to them.

B) If you use note cards, you will have more eye contact with your audience.

C) If you use note cards, you will not be able to put a lot of information on them.

D) If you use a sentence outline, you will have a safety net if you forget what you need to say.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comSaylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0



Which of the following is the most important consideration when choosing between a sentence outline and note cards for delivering your speech?

A) If you use a sentence outline, you will end up reading to your audience rather than speaking to them.

B) If you use note cards, you will have more eye contact with your audience.

C) If you use note cards, you will not be able to put a lot of information on them.

D) If you use a sentence outline, you will have a safety net if you forget what you need to say.






A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of delivery.

A) impromptu

B) Proclamation

C) extemporaneous

D) teleprompter

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/extemporaneous



A) impromptu

B) Proclamation

C) extemporaneous

D) teleprompter







A) extemporaneous

B) ethnocentrism

C) thesis statement

D) chronological



A word-for-word report of a speech.

A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) body language

D) verbatim

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "verbatim." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verbatim



A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) body language

D) verbatim







A) Detract

B) verbatim

C) calcium sulfate

D) Flash

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "verbatim." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verbatim



A) Detract

B) verbatim

C) calcium sulfate

D) Flash






To overcome nervousness before delivering a speech, speakers should do which of the following?

A) All of the answers.

B) Reread the speech repeatedly

C) Practice the speech in front of friends or colleagues

D) Ask for feedback before delivering the final speech



Which of the following represents the best way to convert the statements from a sentence outline about electric cars into speaking notes? 1. Electric cars protect the environment by reducing the need to drill for oil in environmentally sensitive regions. 2. Electric cars help protect the earth by reducing carbon emissions that contribute to global warming.

A) Environment benefits - reduces drilling, carbon emissions

B) Electric car benefits - protect environment, protect earth

C) Benefits sensitive regions, lessens global warming

D) Electric cars benefit the environment.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comSaylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0



Which of the following represents the best way to convert the statements from a sentence outline about electric cars into speaking notes? 1. Electric cars protect the environment by reducing the need to drill for oil in environmentally sensitive regions. 2. Electric cars help protect the earth by reducing carbon emissions that contribute to global warming.

A) Environment benefits - reduces drilling, carbon emissions

B) Electric car benefits - protect environment, protect earth

C) Benefits sensitive regions, lessens global warming

D) Electric cars benefit the environment.







A) extemporaneous

B) impromptu

C) mind map

D) concept map



When speaking, presenters should make sure to do which of the following?

A) Avoid eye contact with the audience.

B) Choose a spot in the room and remain there for the duration of the speech.

C) Use silence rather than fillers during pauses in the speech.

D) Ask audience members to hold applause until the end of the presentation.



_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.

A) transition

B) body language

C) textual cue

D) detour

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language



A) transition

B) body language

C) textual cue

D) detour







A) body language

B) brainstorming

C) abstract

D) stereotype

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language



A) body language

B) brainstorming

C) abstract

D) stereotype




Attribution

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations

• Wikipedia. "Speechwriter." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechwriter

• Wikipedia. "Public speaking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking

• Wikipedia. "Speech (public address)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_(public_address)#General

• Wikipedia. "Public speaking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking

• Connexions. "Open Course Library: Public Speaking." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/

• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 5 - Communication Theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_5_-_Communication_Theory

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Teacher's Handbook/Teaching Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Teacher%2527s_Handbook/Teaching_Oral_Presentations

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations

• Connexions. "Open Course Library: Public Speaking." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/


• Wikibooks. "Getting Started as an Entrepreneur/Plan/Presenting Your Plan." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Getting_Started_as_an_Entrepreneur/Plan/Presenting_Your_Plan

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations


• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Don.E2.80.99t_Forget_About_Your_Conclusion.21

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations#Conclusion





http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechwriter


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_(public_address)%23General


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking


http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_5_-_Communication_Theory


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Teacher's_Handbook/Teaching_Oral_Presentations


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations


http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/




http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Getting_Started_as_an_Entrepreneur/Plan/Presenting_Your_Plan


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations




http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations%23Don.E2.80.99t_Forget_About_Your_Conclusion.21

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations%23Don.E2.80.99t_Forget_About_Your_Conclusion.21


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations%23Conclusion



• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18095/18095-h/18095-h.htm

• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XVIII

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Planning and Prewriting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/The Stages of the Writing Process." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/The_Stages_of_the_Writing_Process

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Who_is_Your_Audience.3F

• Wikipedia. "Technical communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_communication

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Researching." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Researching


• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XIX

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Rhetoric/Purpose." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Rhetoric/Purpose

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Writing in the Humanities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Writing_in_the_Humanities#Thesis_Statement

• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 7 - Rhetorical Criticism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7_-_Rhetorical_Criticism#Public_Address

• Wikipedia. "Thesis statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_statement

• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 7 - Rhetorical Criticism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7_-_Rhetorical_Criticism#Understanding_Rhetorical_Criticism









http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18095/18095-h/18095-h.htm


http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm%23CHAPTER_XVIII


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/The_Stages_of_the_Writing_Process


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations%23Who_is_Your_Audience.3F


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_communication


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Researching




http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm%23CHAPTER_XIX


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Rhetoric/Purpose


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Writing_in_the_Humanities%23Thesis_Statement


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7_-_Rhetorical_Criticism%23Public_Address


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_statement


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7_-_Rhetorical_Criticism%23Understanding_Rhetorical_Criticism

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7_-_Rhetorical_Criticism%23Understanding_Rhetorical_Criticism












• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Planning and Prewriting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting




• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Drafting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Drafting

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Editing." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Editing

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#How_Will_You_Start_Your_Introduction.3F

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations#Do.27s_and_Don.27ts

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations#Do.27s_and_Don.27ts






http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting








http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Drafting


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Editing


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations%23How_Will_You_Start_Your_Introduction.3F


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations%23Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations%23Do.27s_and_Don.27ts


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations%23Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery


http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations%23Do.27s_and_Don.27ts

preparing a speech: outline

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