Nautical Navigation

Nautical Navigation

Preparing for a passage through the Parts of Speech

Preparing for a passage through the Parts of Speech

A person, place, thing or idea

A common noun names a class or a group of persons, places…, the proper noun begins with a capital letter.Example: Crane Middle School

A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.Common Pronouns:I, me, mine, myyou, your, yourshe, him, hisshe her hersit, its, we, us, our , ourthey, them, their, theirsanybody

What is a noun?

What is the difference betw. a common noun and a proper noun?

What is a pronoun?

Parts of Speech: Nouns / Pronouns & Adjectives

botheithernobodynoneoneseveralsomeoneothers

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A word used to describe a noun or pronoun.Adjectives answer the following questions.1)What kind?2)Which one?3)How much? Or How many?

What is an adjective?

Diagramming sentences with adjectives:

flower

adjective

beautifuland

elegant

noun

The

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A word to modify a verb, adjective or another adverb.(An adverb usually modifies an adverb most of the time.Adverbs answer the following questions:1)Where? Example: here2)When? Promptly or daily3)How? Suddenly or abruptly4)To what extent (How much or How long?) never, scarcely, far.

The verb, like the noun and pronoun, always appears on a horizontal line. The adv.is diagramed on a slanting line under the word it modifies.

What is an adverb?

Diagramming verbs and adverbs

adverb

verb

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Diagramming verbs and adverbs:

not

does exercise

Example: Julie does not exercise daily.

Ex: much better swimmer.

Juliedaily

much

swimmerbetter

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What is a preposition?

Parts of Speech: Prepositions

A word used to show the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in the sentence.

aboard behind from throughoutabout below in toabove beneath into towardacross beside like underafter between near underneathagainst beyond of untilalong but off untoamid by on upamong down over uponaround during past withat except since withinbefore for through without

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Simple Subjects Practice1.Many students2. They3. Their knowledge about animals4. One fascinating noturnal animal5. The stange name6. The aardvark7. That remarkable fact8. Another animal with a strange name9. The biggest moth in all the world10. The thousand-mile migration of the salmon11. Fish “ladders”12. Leaps of more than ten feet13. Twenty species of armadillo14. The giant armadillo of the forests of eastern SouthAmerica15Armadillos

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16. The armadillo family17. An insect, the ant lion18. My interest in wildlife19 Mrs. Thatcher20. I

Simple Verb and Verb Phrases

1. was2. taught3. had learned4. is5. admired6. was7. would teach8. could learn9. would sink10. was11. tried12. showed13. would hold14. would shove15. sank

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16. demonstrated17. floated18. cheered19. sank20. learned

Books Quote

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(Write the quote and answer the question. DO NOT write the question. Be sure to name the book.)

“Books that help you the most are those which make you think the most.”

Theodore Parker, 1810-1860

Which book has helped you the most? What did it make you think about? Write a short description of your thoughts after the reading the book.

Dead Word Grave Yard

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Create a grave yard for words Mrs. Williams despises: good, bad, fun, pretty, nice, stuff, things, sad, happy. If you can add any additional “weak” words graves, create a head stone and at least 3 new words for them too.

Use one or two pages. If two pages, be sure they are side by side and not front and back.

Make it as pretty or ugly as you wish. Colored pencils are available for your artistic vision.

goodwonderful marvelousfantastic

Kinds of sentences p. 54

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compound sentence

• a sentence that contains two or more simple sentences• usually joined by one of these connecting words: and, but, or, or for

Classify each of the following sentences according to structure by writing simple, compound, or complex1.simple2.complex

Linking Verbs p. 19

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linking verb • a verb that expresses at state or condition. • does not express action. • It links the subject with a word in the predicate. • most common linking verb is be.

Using your notes and working in partner, create a column of linking verbs and action verbs for the sentences. Put the answers only in your composition notebook.1.was (linking)2.became (linking)3.fought (action)

Diagramming Prepositional Phrases

Diagramming a sentence with one prepositional phrase.

Example:

subject verb

prep

adjobject of prep

The farmer worked in the fields.

farmer workedin

fields

The

the

Diagramming Prepositional Phrases

Diagramming a sentence with two prepositional phrases.

Example:

subject verb

prep object of prep

adj

prep

object of prep

adj

The dog is by the door near the rug.dog is

by

door

the

near

the

rugThe

Diagramming Prepositional Phrases

Diagramming a sentence with one prepositional phrase, but has two objects of the preposition

Example:

subject verb

prepAstronomers look at the moon and stars.

obj. of prep

obj. of prepconj

adjadj

Astronomers lookat moonand

the

stars

Direct and Indirect Objects

What is a direct object?

Examples

What is an indirect object?

The direct object receives the action of the verb or shows the result of that action. It answers the question What? or Whom? after an action.

She eats berries. (Berries receives the action of the verb eats.)

She learned a lesson in safety. (Lesson is the direct object of the verb learned.)

The indirect object of the verb comes before the direct object. It tells to whom or what, or for whom or what, the action of the verb is done.

Note: Linking verbs do not have indirect objects, since they do not show action

Direct and Indirect Objects

Rules to indirect objects.

Examples:

1) They are never in prepositional phrases.2) They may be compound.

We bought Mother a calculator for her birthday.Mother – indirect object calculator – direct object

The usher found us seats near the stage.us – indirect object seats – direct object

I will gladly lend you my typewriter.you – indirect object typewriter – direct object

Diagramming Direct and Indirect Objects

Diagramming one direct object

Diagramming the indirect object and direct object

subject verb direct object

subject verb direct object

indirect object

The Conjunction

What is a conjunction?

3 types

1) coordinating

examples:

Def: is a word that joins words or groups of words.

Coordinating, correlative, and subordinating

And, but or, nor , for and yet

She played the guitar and sang.Have a good time, but don’t stay out too late.Are you taking chorus or band?We walked along the beach, for the water was too cold.The play is long, yet it held my interest to the end.

Note: “For” may be used as conjunction or as a preposition.

The Conjunction

Conjunction (cont.)

2) correlative conjunctions

examples

3) subordinating conjunctions

* Always used in pairs and are separated from each other by other words in the sentence.

either… or, neither…nor,both…andnot only…but also

Either type the report or write it neatly.Neither my cousin nor her friend knows that game.Show your pass to both the hall monitor and the

principal.Roller-skating is not only easy but also fun.

To be learned later.

The Interjection

What is an interjection?

Examples

Punctuation of an interjection

An exclamatory word that expresses strong emotion. An interjection has no grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence.

Ouch! That hurts!Goodness! What a haircut.Aha! I know the trick.Oops! The glass slipped out of my hand.

An interjection is followed by an exclamation mark to show strong emotion. When the emotion is not as strong, it is followed by a comma.

Oh, I made the same mistake