pre-symptomatic markers for hemorrhagic viruses like ebola identified
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Pre-symptomatic Markers for Hemorrhagic Viruses Like Ebola IdentifiedTRANSCRIPT
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November 10, 2014
Boston University Medical Center
It is possible to distinguish between different hemorrhagic fevers,including Marburg (Ebola cousin) and Lassa before the person becomessymptomatic, new research has found. This study will allow for thedevelopment of better diagnostics, especially during the early stages ofdisease, when treatments have a greater chance of being effective.
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new study has found it is possible to distinguish between differenthemorrhagic fevers, including Marburg (Ebola cousin) and Lassabefore the person becomes symptomatic.
The study, which appears in the journal BMCGenomics will allow for the development of betterdiagnostics, especially during the early stages ofdisease, when treatments have a greater chance ofbeing effective.
Hemorrhagic fevers include Lassa, which is endemic inWestern Africa and Marburg, which causes sporadicoutbreaks in Africa associated with high rates ofmortality. The early symptoms of these viruses (fever,flu-like symptoms) are not unique, making it difficult todiagnose properly. More disease-specific symptoms
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Pre-symptomatic markers for hemorrhagic viruses like Ebola identified
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and the ability to spread the virus from person toperson, do not begin until virus has accumulated in theblood. Current diagnostics detect the virus after it spillsout of primary sites of infection into the blood. The ability to identify the infection priorto this point would significantly aid early intervention and containment, and couldimprove outcomes.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) approached thediagnostic dilemma by trying to "see" infection prior to the point where viruses enterthe blood stream. Collaborating with researchers at the U.S. Army Medical researchInstitute (USAMRIID), they used two experimental models: one that had involved Lassavirus, and one that involved Marburg virus infection. The researchers extracted geneticmaterial (RNA) from a sample of white blood cells from each infection group at multipletimes after the models were infected. Using next-generation sequencing techniques,gene expression changes in hosts cells that "recognize" early stages of infection wereidentified. This was seen prior to clinical symptom onset and before the modelsbecame infectious.
According to the researchers, distinguishing between these viruses early can guidetreatment and containment efforts. "The ability to distinguish between different types ofinfection before the appearance of overt clinical symptoms has important implicationsfor guiding triage and containment during epidemics," explained corresponding authorNacho Caballero, a PhD candidate at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM)."We hope that our study will help in the development of better diagnostics, especiallyduring the early stages of disease, when treatments have a greater chance of beingeffective," he added.
As exciting as the prospect of this testing is, the research team is setting a realistictime line. "We want to stress that this is not a finding that can be translated into a testtomorrow. This study supports the idea that early markers of infection are there, butsignificant work will still need to be done to extend these findings," said Caballero.
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The above story is based on materials provided by Boston University MedicalCenter. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
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Journal Reference:
1. Ignacio S Caballero, Judy Y Yen, Lisa E Hensley, Anna N Honko, Arthur J Goff,John H Connor. Lassa and Marburg viruses elicit distinct host transcriptionalresponses early after infection. BMC Genomics, 2014; 15 (1): 960 DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-15-960
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