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8/3/2019 prasanth seminor

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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING


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1. Block diagram of cellular communication

2. About BTS

3. About BSC

4. About MSC

5. MODEMS


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Block diagram of cellular communication


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When the subscriber makes the call the

signal reaches the nearest BTS. BTS is nothing but a tower

From BTS the signal reaches the BSC

(exchange) Through BSC it is forwarded to MSC

In MSC switching takes place and the

same process reversed to reach thedestination


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BTS means BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION

BTS is a network component from which allthe signals are transferred and received

It is also called as a base station and

commonly referred as Cell Phone Tower orRadio Base Station

It is applicable in wireless communication

technologies like GSM, CDMA etc


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Various parts of BTS


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There are 4 types of cards

1. Power card2. Control card

3. Alarm card

4. CTU


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POWER CARD

There are 4 power cards in BTS

The basic function is to supply power to allother cards

The input power supply to these cards in48v dc

Output voltage is divided as perrequirement of other cards


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CONTROL CARDS

It controls the function of all other cards

It has another duplicate card

Duplicate card works when the main cardsfails working

It requires the power supply of 5v, 12v,

24v dc


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ALARM CARD

It requires the power supply of 5v, 12v,24v dc

It works as an indicator

It produces alarms during unconditional

situations like> change in temperature

> change in input voltage

> damage in other cards

> over load. Etc


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CTU

CTU means compact transceiver unit

It is the main card in BTS which monitors thesignal

It consists of 4 slots

In each slot 8 channels are present

In them 1 channel is dedicated for alert

signaling and interference between channels Remaining 7 channels can be used at a time


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BSC


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BSC stands for Base Station Controller

It is nothing but an exchange

Several BTS are connected to BSC Through BTS a 2Mbps cable is

connected to BSC

It works as a concentrator where manyconnections from BTS is reduced tosmaller no of connections to MSC

It provides all controlling functions andlinks between switching switch & basestation


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It is responsible for handling and

signaling between mobile phones The output of BSC signal is 16Kbps

MSC

MSC means mobile switching center


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Before MSC the signal enters to thetranscoder

TRANSCODER

Transcoding is the process of taking a audiofile and changing it to a bit rate

It converts the audio signal into 64Kbps

signal


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MAIN MSC

It is basically CPU of mobile network

It controls calls to and from othertelephones

It co-ordinates several BSC

It provides billing information

It co-ordinates the location updates ofmobile subscribers

In MSC switching takes place andsends to corresponding BSC & BTS andfinally to destination


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MODEMS A modem is nothing but a modulator-

demodulator

It is the device which modulates the digitaldata into analog data at transmitter

And it also demodulates the digital informationto analog information at receiver

The main goal is to produce a signal that canbe transmitted and reproduced the signaleasily


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TYPES OF MODEMS Modems are divided into two types :

1. Landline Modems2. Wireless Modems

LANDLINE MODEMS

They are connected to the publicswitched telephone network. To connectthe PSTN a telephone cable is used


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Through exchange a telephone line isallocated to the modem

The signal from exchange consists ofboth analog data and voice

To split both a splitter is connected

The voice signal is connected totelephone

The analog data is connected to

modem Modem demodulates the analog into

digital and connected to PC


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WIRELESS MODEMS

Wireless modems are radiotransmitters/receivers installed intomobile computing devices

They are connected to laptops, mobilephones etc

The best example of wireless modems is the

Wi-Fi connection


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Wi-Fi In wireless network an adapter or USB is

connected to the laptop of computer

A wireless network uses radio waves just likecell phones, televisions and radios.

A computer's wireless adapter translatesdigital data into a radio signal and transmits itusing an antenna.


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The router receives the radio signal anddecodes it into digital data

After processing the signal the router againtranslating it into a radio signal and send itto the computer's wireless adapter

The router sends the information to theInternet using a physical, wired Ethernetconnection.

Ethernet is a standard cable which used tolink the computer to the internet


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Router & adaptor can transmit and receiveradio waves, and they can convert 1s and 0s

into radio waves and convert the radio wavesback into 1s and 0s.

The WiFi communication are very similar tocell phones.

But they transmit at frequencies of 2.4 GHz or5 GHz. The higher frequency allows thesignal to carry more data.


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