practical parasitology 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Parasitology
• Classification: The parasites of humans are classified within:
• 1. Protozoology = study of protozoa (primitive single cells)
• 2. Helminthology = study of helminths (worms) including
• multicellular parasites with organs (also known as metazoa)
• 3. Entomology = study of arthropods (insects).
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Protozoa
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Classification of pathogenic protozoa according to the site of
infection Site of infectionSpecies
Intestinal tract Amoeba
* Entamoeba histolytica
Intestinal flagellates
* Giardia lamblia
Intestinal ciliate *Balantidium coli
Urogenital tractUrogenital flagellate
* Trichomonas vaginalis
Blood and tissueHemoflagellates * Trypanosoma sp, Leishmania sp.
Blood Sporozoans * Plasmodium sp.
Tissue Sporozoans *Toxoplasma gonidii
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Questions form for Protozoa
• Type of protozoan (amoeba, ciliate, flagellate:intestinal or blood & tissue, sporozoan)
• Disease caused by protozoan• Infective stage• Lab diagnosis (diagnostic stage)• Form of protozoan under the microscope• Vector for the protozoan• Location (site of infection) of the protozoan in
the body
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Intestinal protozoa (General life cycle)
• Entamoeba histolytica• Balantidium coli
ingestion(food, water...)
In large intestine (Ent., B. coli)Excystation
Trophozoite
pass in feces
mature cyst
encyst
Multiply
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Entamoeba histolytica
• Type of protozoan: amoeba
• Disease caused by protozoan:amoebic dysentery
• Infective stage:cyst
• Diagnostic stage: Cyst or trophozoite in stool
• Forms of the protozoan:trophozoite or cyst
• Location in the body: large intestine
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Entameba histolytica trophozoite
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Entameba histolytica cyst
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Balantidium coli
• Type of protozoan: ciliate• Disease caused by the protozoan:
Balantidial dysentery• Infective stage: cyst• Lab diagnosis(diagnostic stage):
trophozoite or cyst in stool• Forms of the protozoan: trophozoite or
cyst• Location in the body: large intestine
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Balantidium coli trophozoite
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Urogenital flagellate
• Trichomonas• vaginalis• Type of protozoan: urogenital flagellate• Disease caused by protozoan: Trichomoniasis• Infective stage: trophozoite• Form of protozoan: Trophozoite only. No cyst• Location in the body: urogenital tract of male
(urethra and prostate) and female (vagina)• Diagnostic stage: trophozoite in vaginal swab or
prostate secretion
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Hemoflagellates
• Trypanosoma sp.• Leishmania sp.• Forms of
Hemoflagellates
according to the
Position of organ
Of locomotion
Amastigote has no
Free flagellum
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Trypanosoma cruzi
• Type of protozoan:hemoflagellate• Disease caused by the protozoan: Chagas
disease• Infective stage:Metacyclic trypomastigote• Form of the protozoan under
microscope:trypomastigote in blood film• Vector of the protozoan: Bug (Triatoma)• Location of the protozoan in the body: blood and
tissue(heart muscle, liver ,spleen, brain)• Diagnostic stage: Trypomastigote in blood film
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• Trypomastigote in blood film
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Leishmania sp.
• Type of the protozoan: hemoflagellate• Disease caused by the protozoan: Leishmaniasis
(visceral, cutaneous or mucocutaneous)• Infective stage:Promastigote• Vector of the protozoan: Sand fly• Form of the protozoan under the microscope: amastigote
(leishmania bodies) released from macrophage• Location in the body: blood& tissue• Diagnostic stage: Amastigote (leishmania body) released
from macrophage in tissue.
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Amastigote released from macrophage
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Blood sporozoans
• Plasmodium sp
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium ovale
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Plasmodium sp.
• Type of protozoan: blood sporozoan• Disease caused by the protozoan: Malaria• Infective stage:sporozoite in the saliva of female
Anopheles mosquito• Form of the protozoan under microscope:Different
stages of the Plasmodium sp. in red blood cells• Vector of the protozoan: Female anopheles mosquito• Location of the protozoan in the body: blood • Lab diagnosis (diag stage) Different stages of the
Plasmodium sp. in red blood cells in blood film
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Arthropods
• Class Insecta:flea, louse, bed bug, mouth parts of female Anopheles mosquito
• Class Arachnida: hard tick, mites
• Class Crustacea: Cyclops
• Question form: Medical importance
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Flea
• Medical importance:
• Vector of plague
• Intermediate host for H.diminuta, D. caninum
• Transmit endemic typhus or murine typhus
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Bed bug
• Medical importance:
• Insomnia, irritation
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Bed bug
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Louse
• Medical importance:
• Pediculosis
• Could transmit trench fever and epidemic typhus
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Louse
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Mouth parts of Female Anopheles mosquito
• Medical importance: transmit malaria
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Female Anopheles mosquito
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Hard tick
• Medical importance:
• Mechanically: bite, bleeding
• Systemically: tick paralysis
• Could transmit rocky mountain spotted fever
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Hard tick
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Mite
• Medical importance: Sarcoptes scabei mite cause scabies
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Mite
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Cyclops (male and female)
Medical importance:
• Intermediate host for: Diphylobothrium latum, Diphylobothrium mansoni, Dracunculus medinensis
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Cyclops