EIN

Vera Evelyn Juliani

(131111010)

Dita Deswita Sari

(131111012)

Annisa Agustina

(131111013)

Qumairy Lutfiyah

(131111014)

Anna Nurwachidah R. H.

(131111015)

Herwin Ronalia Fitri

(131111016)

Rizqi Amaliya

(131111017)

Yuni Tristian C. E. P.

(131111018)

Arrhythmia is a conduction disorder that results in an abnormally slow or rapid regular heart rate or at an irregular pace.

Some arrhythmias do not require treatment, Whereas others require immediate intervention because they are potentially fatal. The most common cause arrhythmias is ischemic heart disease.

Arrhytmias originating in the Sinoatrial (SA) Node- Sinus Bradycardia- Sinus Tachycardia- Supra ventricular Tachycardia- Atrial Flutter- Atrial Fibrillation

Arrhythmias Originating in the Atrio ventricular (AV) Node

Arrhythmias Originating in the ventricles- Premature ventricular contraction- Ventricular Tachycardia- Ventricle Fibrillation

Bowel Disorders FormationThis disorder can occur actively or passively. When the excitatory disturbance actively formed outside the normal order of delivery pathways, often causing ectopic rhythm disturbance, and when form often leads to passively escape rhythm (rhythm replacement)

Conduction disordersHeart rhythm abnormalities can caused by barriers on delivery (conduction) flow stimuli called blockade.

Impaired formation and conduction stimuliHeart rhythm disturbances can occur as a result of interference with the formation of excitatory stimuli delivery disruption.

A common cause of arrhythmias include:(Margaret Eckman, 2010) Congenital defects Ischemia or myocardial infarction Organic heart disease Drug intoxication Impulse conduction tissue degeneration Connective tissue disorders Electrolyte imbalance Cellular hypoxia Hypertrophy of the heart muscle Acid-base imbalance Emotional stress

Dyspnea Hypotension Dizziness, syncope, and weakness Chest pain Cool, clammy skin Altered level of consciousness Reduced urine output

Assessment of Structural Heart Disease

Holter Monitoring

Event Recording

Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram and T

Wave Alternans

Electrophysiologic Testing

Pacemakers and Defibrillators

Radiofrequency Ablation

Antiarrhythmic Medications

Stroke

Heart failure

Angina

Heart attack

Sudden death

The outlook for cardiac arrhythmias depends on the type of rhythm disturbance and whether the person has coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or some other heart muscle disorder.

The prognosis for ventricular fibrillation is grave, and death follows quickly without emergency treatment. Most atrial arrhythmias have an excellent prognosis.

The outlook is good for heart block, even third-degree A-V block, the most serious type. The availability of permanent pacemakers, implanted cardioversion/defibrillation devices and effective medications has improved the prognosis for many people with serious cardiac arrhythmias.

NURSINURSI

NGNGCARECARE

Patient identityPhysical assessmentLifestyle and occupational historyGeneral assessment Review of System

ASSESSMENT

REVIEW OF SYSTEM B1 (Breathing)

Assess the chest form, breath sound and the symmetry of chest movement. Examine presence or absence of breathing aids.

B2 (Blood)Assess the pulse, blood pressure, heart sound, Capillary Refill Time (CRT), tissue perfusion and the presence or absence of cyanosis.

B3 (Brain)Assess the client’s level of consciousness, Glasgow’s Coma Scale, pupil, sclera, and convulsion.

B4 (Bladder)Assess the presence or absence of urinary catheter or tools. Examine urine output, color and smell of urine.

B5 (Bowel)Assess the presence or absence of bowel sounds and flatulence, plugging tool of eating (NGT). Assess the amount of bowel movement, color, consistency and frequency.

B6 (Bone)Assess movement joints, bones and skin.

NURSING DIAGNOSIS

Cardiac Output, risk for decreased Risk factors

may include

Poisoning, risk for digitalis toxicity

Knowledge, deficient (Learning Need)

regarding cause, treatment, self care, and

discharge needs.

INTERVENSI

EVALUATION Subject

- Patient breathing with normal respiration, occur decrease of activity intolerance or normal activity.- Decreases of anxiety

Object - Patient get some information about their ilness.- Family of patient also get information about illness of patient.

Assessment- Patient in suitable coping, can habits with their conditions.

Plan- Patient can healthy like before and getting their normal activity.

1. Inas: why acid and base can be the etiology of arrhythmias. explain more about normal acid and base2. Atul: natural factor that cause arrhythmia3. Hamzah: The differences for usual arrhythmias and 4. Reni: Indication and contraindication for the medication of arrhythmia5. Yunita: what kind of treatment for the patient in video and the best treatment

6. farida: explain about the electrocardiogram. PQRST wave of arrhythmias7. zakiah: clinical appearance>hypertension8. rena: which type of arrhythmias that more dangerous?9. arifin: management for pregnant women with arrhythmias