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Apternodus
Placental Mammal Phylogeny
Bayesian/Max.Likelihood tree
16,610 bp nuclear genesMurphy et al. 2001, Nature
Eizirik et al. 2001, J. Heredity
Murphy et al. 2001, Science
whaledolphinhipporuminantpigllamarhinotapirhorsecatcaniformpangolinflying foxrousette fruit batrhinolophoid batphyllostomid microbatfree tailed bathedgehogshrewmolemouserathystricidcaviomorphsciuridrabbitpikaflying lemurtree shrewstrepsirrhinehumanslothanteaterarmadillotenrecgolden moles.e.elephant shrewl.e.elephant shrewaardvarksirenianhyraxelephantopossumdiprotodontian
MARSUPIALIA
Laurasiatheria
Chiroptera
Perissodactyla
Carnivora
Cetartiodactyla
Eulipotyphla
Pholidota
XenarthraPilosa Cingulata
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Primates
Dermoptera Scandentia
Euarchontoglires
Afrotheria Macroscelidea
Afrosoricida
TubulidentataSirenia HyracoideaProboscidea
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Orders Major Clades
~103 MYA
AfrotheriaAfrotheria
XenarthraXenarthra++
Boreoeutheria Boreoeutheria
whaledolphinhippo
ruminantpig
llamarhinotapir
horsecatcaniformpangolin
flying foxrousette fruit bat
rhinolophoid batphyllostomid bat
free tailed batmouse
rathystricid
caviomorphsciurid
rabbitpika
flying lemurtree shrew
strepsirrhinehumansloth
anteaterarmadillo
tenrecgolden mole
s.e. elephant shrewl.e. elephant shrew
aardvarksirenian
hyraxelephant
opossumdiprotodontian
0.05 substitutions/site
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hedgehogshrew
moleSolenodon paradoxus
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Eulipotyphla 100/100
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Variamana
Afrotheria 100/100
Boreoeutheria 100/100
Xenarthra100/100
Euarchontoglires
Placentalia 100/100
Laurasiatheria
ML Tree13.9 kb alignmentln L= 184296.15790
Relevant nodes showML bootstrap/Bayesian posterior probability (in percent)
Vicariance?
“Relaxed Clock” approach
• Identify calibration points with upper and lower bounds
• each branch assigned its own rate of substitution given a model of nucleotide evolution
• uses a model that smooths rate changes between nodes
• DATES WHOLE TREE
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Effects of 10 km bolide:
mega-tsunamishyper-caneswildfiresacidic rainfallsblocking of sunlightdropping temperaturesdeath of vegetationfalling ejecta
Eleutherodactylus abbotti
Cricosaura typica
76 (57101) MyaCricosauraXantusiinae
CrociduraBlarinaDomninaParapternodusKoniaryctesOligoryctes altitalonidusTaberButteOligoryctes cameronensisApternodus gregoryiApternodus majorApternodus dasophylakasApternodus iliffensisApternodus brevirostrisApternodus mediaevusApternodus baladontusNesophontesCentetodonEchinosorexErinaceusMicropternodusSolenodon paradoxusSolenodon cubanusPararyctesEoryctesSilvercouleeMicrogaleSetiferElephantulusMacroscelidesDidelphis
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Asher et al. 2002 morphological dataset constrained by Roca et al. 2004 molecular phylogeny:
(Didelphis,(((Microgale,Setifer),(Macroscelides,Elephantulus)),((S.paradoxus,S.cubanus),((Echinosorex,Erinaceus),(Crocidura,Blarina))))).
The tree shown is the majority-rule consensus of 295 trees of length 401, with observed bipartitions shown above each branch. Bootstrap proportions >50% are in boldface below the branches.
Lab. of Genomic Label Museum* and Sex and age Sample type† Collection info.‡Diversity number specimen no.
ScuMCZ12413 S1 MCZ 12413 Male, Adult Tissue from untanned? skin F. Poey? 18501855?ScuMFN3344 Sa MFN 3344 Male, Adult Abdominal muscle (alcohol) F. Poey, 19th centuryScuMFN3320 Sj MFN 3320 Male, Juvenile Abdominal muscle (alcohol) Gundlach, 19th centuryScuMCZ46305 S2 MCZ 46305 Unknown Dried snout tissue from skull Grandidier Collection, pre1947ScuMCZ3223 S3 MCZ 3223 Male, Adult Skin, urogenital (alcohol) G. A. Maack, 1871
*MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA*MFN: Museum für Naturkunde, HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin, Germany†ScuMCZ3223 was a mounted skin from a specimen that had been in alcohol, thus it may have been formalinexposed.‡ScuMCZ12413 collection information is based on Barbour 1944 (Proc. New England Zool. Club 23:18).
Supplementary Table 1: Samples of Solenodon cubanus
Felipe Poey 17991891
IturraldeVinent and Macphee, 1999
Kumar and Hedges, 1998
Comparison to human where only one group is specified
Springer et al., 2003
Herpestes auropunctatus
Nesophontes
Thanks to...
Gila Kahila BarGalEduardo EizirikKristofer M. HelgenRoberto MariaMark S. SpringerStephen J. O’BrienWilliam J. Murphy
C. BellA. Brandt
J. BruckschD. Castillo,
N. CrumplerM. MalaskyJ. Minchoff
H. OteroK. Scott,
P. ShermanJ. TablerE. Teeling
Parque Zoologico Nacional (ZOODOM) of the Dominican
Republic
J. Chupasko at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology
P. Giere at the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt
Universität zu Berlin
F Poey (17991891)