powerpoint presentation - beacon learning · ppt file · web view ·...

©2003 www.BeaconLearningCenter.com1

A Unit on the Industrial Revolutionin the United States


Why?Why?

•SS.A.5.4.1: The student SS.A.5.4.1: The student knows the knows the causescauses of the of the Industrial Revolution and Industrial Revolution and its economic, political, its economic, political, and cultural effects on and cultural effects on American Society.American Society.


The Big “Why?” for the The Big “Why?” for the UnitUnit

• Can societies have winners Can societies have winners and losers at the same time?and losers at the same time?• Can societal groups win and Can societal groups win and

lose at the same time?lose at the same time?• How are the winners and How are the winners and

losers reconciled?losers reconciled?


Getting ThereGetting ThereLesson 1: From the Farm to the Factory

Lesson 2: Big Business—Monkey Business

Lesson 3: Labor Pains

Lesson 4: Inventing a New Life

Unit Project: Presenting to the Brooking Institute


Along the WayAlong the Way

We’ll work to We’ll work to improve… improve… –listening skills.listening skills.–reading skills.reading skills.–writing skills.writing skills.


From the Farm From the Farm to the Factoryto the Factory

The Beginnings of The Beginnings of the Industrial the Industrial

Revolution in the Revolution in the United StatesUnited States


Lesson 1 QuestionsLesson 1 Questions

• Were people’s lives better or Were people’s lives better or worse after this period in worse after this period in United States history? United States history? • Is progress good?Is progress good?


What do you know?What do you know?

•Remember being in the Remember being in the eighth grade?eighth grade?

•Remember anything Remember anything from eighth grade social from eighth grade social studies?studies?


In the In the Beginning, Beginning,

Before 1840Before 1840


Industrialization Industrialization Came Late to Came Late to

AmericaAmerica• People came to America for People came to America for

the plentiful land.the plentiful land.– They were primarily farmers They were primarily farmers

prior to 1750.prior to 1750.– They didn’t want to be They didn’t want to be

confined to a factory.confined to a factory.– There was a shortage of labor There was a shortage of labor

to run machines.to run machines.


Industrialization Industrialization Came Late to Came Late to

AmericaAmerica• There was little money for There was little money for

investment.investment.• The market for The market for

manufactured goods was manufactured goods was small.small.

• Great Britain guarded her Great Britain guarded her manufacturing secrets. manufacturing secrets.


Causes for the Causes for the Industrial Revolution in Industrial Revolution in

the U.S.the U.S.• Eli Whitney started the Eli Whitney started the

process.process.– He was considered the father of He was considered the father of

manufacturing.manufacturing.– He invented a machine that He invented a machine that

started the Industrial Revolution started the Industrial Revolution in America. in America.

– Next, he invented one that Next, he invented one that continued the revolution.continued the revolution.


Causes for the Causes for the Industrial Revolution in Industrial Revolution in

the U.S.the U.S.•Early industrial Early industrial

espionage brought textile espionage brought textile machines to the U.S.machines to the U.S.

•Cotton ginCotton gin–Made cotton production Made cotton production profitableprofitable–Provided raw material for Provided raw material for textile factories textile factories


Types of Industry-Types of Industry-LocationLocation

•The first factories were The first factories were textile mills in New England textile mills in New England for several reasons.for several reasons.– Poor soil encouraged Poor soil encouraged manufacturing not farming.manufacturing not farming.

– The dense population The dense population provided workers.provided workers.


Types of Industry-Types of Industry-LocationLocation

• Seaports were available to Seaports were available to import raw materials.import raw materials.

• Rivers provided a source of Rivers provided a source of power.power.

• A shortage of goods from A shortage of goods from England inspired new mills.England inspired new mills.


New Industries New Industries FlourishedFlourished

• Firearms manufacture was an Firearms manufacture was an important industry.important industry.

• Remember Eli Whitney.Remember Eli Whitney.– He invented interchangeable He invented interchangeable

parts for guns.parts for guns.– This paved the way for mass This paved the way for mass

production. production. – This gave the North superiority in This gave the North superiority in

weaponry for the military. weaponry for the military.


The Ball’s RollingThe Ball’s Rolling

•One invention led to One invention led to another.another.– 360 patents were issued 360 patents were issued between 1790-1800.between 1790-1800.

– 28,000 patents were issued 28,000 patents were issued between 1850-1860.between 1850-1860.


The Business of The Business of IndustryIndustry

• Legal status changed.Legal status changed.• The principle of limited liability The principle of limited liability

was established.was established.– Companies sold shares in a Companies sold shares in a

business (incorporation). business (incorporation). – Each share is like buying a small Each share is like buying a small

part of the company.part of the company.– Shareholders are liable for only Shareholders are liable for only

their own shares.their own shares.


The Business of The Business of IndustryIndustry

• Laws of “free Laws of “free incorporation” were passed.incorporation” were passed.– Businesses could incorporate Businesses could incorporate

without legislative approval.without legislative approval.• This allowed for more This allowed for more

capital for industries to capital for industries to expand.expand.


The Politics of IndustryThe Politics of Industry

• Only male landowners could Only male landowners could vote.vote.

• Most factory workers did not Most factory workers did not qualify.qualify.

• Politics were run by the Politics were run by the “upper” class.“upper” class.

• They fought efforts to improve They fought efforts to improve working conditions.working conditions.


LaborLabor

• Labor was scarce before Labor was scarce before 1840. 1840.

• Working conditions were Working conditions were poor.poor.

• Women and children were Women and children were important sources for labor.important sources for labor.


Working ConditionsWorking Conditions

• Working conditions were Working conditions were poor in the factories.poor in the factories.

• They were poorly ventilated, They were poorly ventilated, lighted, and heated.lighted, and heated.

• Hours were long.Hours were long.• Wages were low.Wages were low.


Child LaborChild Labor

• Scarce labor made factories Scarce labor made factories turn to using children.turn to using children.

• Half of the factory laborers Half of the factory laborers were children under ten were children under ten years old in 1820.years old in 1820.

• Conditions caused children Conditions caused children to be mentally, emotionally, to be mentally, emotionally, and physically stunted.and physically stunted.


Working WomenWorking Women•Women in the work force Women in the work force

were uncommon.were uncommon.•Mostly single women Mostly single women

worked.worked.•Only about 20% of Only about 20% of

women worked in 1830.women worked in 1830.


Working WomenWorking Women

•Opportunities to be self-Opportunities to be self-supporting were scarce.supporting were scarce.

•Being a nurse, domestic Being a nurse, domestic servant, or teacher were servant, or teacher were the only opportunities the only opportunities available outside the available outside the factory.factory.


Women in the FactoriesWomen in the Factories

• Most factory work was in the Most factory work was in the textile industry.textile industry.– Most women worked six days a Most women worked six days a

week.week.– They worked from twelve to They worked from twelve to

thirteen hours a day (from dawn thirteen hours a day (from dawn to dark).to dark).

– Most female factory workers Most female factory workers came from the farm.came from the farm.


Lowell, Mass. as an Lowell, Mass. as an ExampleExample

• Women workers came from the Women workers came from the farm.farm.

• They were supervised by company They were supervised by company matrons.matrons.

• They lived in company boarding They lived in company boarding houses.houses.

• These women provided a disciplined These women provided a disciplined and docile work force.and docile work force.


A Contrast, How the A Contrast, How the Rest LivedRest Lived

• Factory owners became part of Factory owners became part of the upper class.the upper class.

• They joined the landowners They joined the landowners and merchants.and merchants.– They reaped the benefits of labor.They reaped the benefits of labor.– Fortunes were amassed. Fortunes were amassed. – The profits were rarely passed on The profits were rarely passed on

to the workers.to the workers.


A Contrast, How the A Contrast, How the Rest LivedRest Lived

•The middle class The middle class expanded.expanded.

•It now included factory It now included factory managers and managers and supervisors.supervisors.


Improving Life?Improving Life?

•Laws were passed to Laws were passed to improve working improve working conditions.conditions.– The vote was extended to The vote was extended to working men. working men.

– Laws finally passed that Laws finally passed that limited the work day to limited the work day to ten hours.ten hours.



•Child labor laws were Child labor laws were being considered.being considered.

•Free public education Free public education was beginning to be was beginning to be offered.offered.



• The standard of living The standard of living improved.improved.– Workers got better wages.Workers got better wages.– Availability of cheaper products Availability of cheaper products

provided more and varied items.provided more and varied items.• The gap between the rich and The gap between the rich and

poor was somewhat offset by poor was somewhat offset by these factors.these factors.


Brother Against Brother Against Brother, the Civil WarBrother, the Civil War

• The first part of the The first part of the Industrial Revolution ends Industrial Revolution ends at this point.at this point.

• Manufacturing increased in Manufacturing increased in the North.the North.

• The end of this conflict The end of this conflict brought the second part of brought the second part of the Industrial Revolution.the Industrial Revolution.

powerpoint presentation - beacon learning · ppt file · web view ·...

Documents