power sector challenges & growth

7/31/2019 Power Sector Challenges & Growth

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Power sector challenges & growth


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IntroductionThe power sector in India has undergone significant progress after

Independence. In 1947, the country had a power generating capacity

of 1,362 MW. Hydro power and coal based thermal power have been

the main sources of generating electricity. Generation and

distribution of electrical power was carried out primarily by private

utility companies.

After independence, the sector came under the purview of State and

Central government bodies and SEBs were formed in all the states

under the provisions by The Electricity(Supply) Act, 1948.

Subsequently, NTPC, NHPC, PGCIL etc. were also formed to assist thegovernment to meet the increasing demands of electricity.

The balance of payment crisis of 90s and LPG (liberalization,

privatization and, globalization) invited the private players in the

industry to promote competition and efficiency.


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Schematic of the Indian Power Sector Pre -1991

Ministry of PowerGovt. of India

Planning Commission(Planning)

Central Electricity Authority(Technical Analysis and approval of Projects)

State Electricity Boards State(Ministry of Power)

Public Sector Corporations

NTPC

NHPC

PGCL

PFC

REC

Single arrow means ----> flow of command, ===Double arrow meansflow of information, finance or electricity


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Regulation Generation Transmission Distribution

MoP regulated

generation and

transmission

and tariffs

CEA regulated

clearances forgeneration and

transmission

infrastructure

State

Governmentregulated

SEB/Licensee

tariffs and

provided IPP

approvals

NTPCNHPC

PGCIL

State Electricity

Boards

State Electricity

Boards

State

Electricity

Boards

Owned and

operated bulk

of distribution

Pvt. Licensees Pvt. Licensees Pvt. Licensees Privateowner

ship

Publ

ic

own

ersh

ip

Industry Structure Pre Electricity Act 2003


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Plan

Regulations

Generation

Transmission

Distribution

System Operators

Trading

Appeal

Policy

CentreMinistry of Power

CEA

CERC

CGS, Mega Power Projects

CTU Transmission Licensee

NLDC RLDC

Trading Licensee

Appellate Tribunal

State Government

SERC

GENCOS IPP

Private

generationdistributioncompanies

STU TransmissionLicensee

SLDC

DistributionLicensee

Trading Licensee

State

Evolving Industry Structure


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Power sector scenario

66%

3%

19%

12%

Source of Generation

Thermal Nuclear Hydro R.E.S.

85%

14% 1%

Thermal Generation fuel

wise

Coal

Gas

Oil

Renewable Energy Sources(RES) include SHP, BG, BP, U&I and Wind Energy

SHP= Small Hydro Project ,BG= Biomass Gasifier ,BP= Biomass Power,

U & I=Urban & Industrial Waste Power, RES=Renewable Energy Sources

As on 30-04-2012

Source: CEA


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Installed capacity scenario region-wise

in MWs

Northern, 54585

Western, 64894

Southern,

52739

Eastern , 26885

North Eastern,

2455

Islands, 76


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Total Installed capacity

Sector MW %

State Sector 85,918 42.61

Central Sector 60,182 29.84

Private 55,535 27.54

Total 2,01,637 99.99

85,918

43%

60,182

30%

55,535

27% State

Central

Private

As on 30-04-2012

Source: CEA


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Rural electrification as on 30-03-2012

Source: CEA

1. Total No. of Villages 5,93,732

2. No. of villages Electrified 5,56,633

3. % of Villages Electrified 93.8%

4. Potential of Energ. of Pumps 1,95,94,000

5. No. of Pump sets Energised 1,81,78,136

6. % of Pump sets Energised 92.8%


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All India Annual per Capita consumption of Electricity(As per U. N. methodology)

source: CEA

592 612.5631.5

671.9717.1 734.5

779

0100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010

Per Capita Consumption (kWh)


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Problems confronting the power sector

Inadequate generation capacity.

Lack of optimum utilization of existing generation capacity.

Environmental factors and delay in environmental clearances.

Inadequate IRTS links.

Large scaled theft and skewed tariff structure. Inefficient use of electricity by the end consumer.

Low pace of rural electrification.

Political interferences in nuclear power.

Government giveaways such as free electricity for farmers have

depleted the cash reserves of state-run electricity-distribution

system.

Shortages of fuel.


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The giant new offshore natural gas field has delivered less fuel than

projected. India faces a shortage of natural gas. Average transmission, distribution and consumer-level losses

exceeding 30%.

Countrys coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power

plants are inefficient and run at low PLF. Lack of clean and reliable energy sources .


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Generation

Power generation in India is largely dependent on coal, natural gas,

hydroelectric power generation.

Non conventional energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal etc.

contribute little in the total power generation.

Captive power plants are mainly diesel or gas based because of their

lower gestation period and starting time.

Inadequacy of generation has characterized power sector operation in

India. To provide availability of over 1000 units of per capita

electricity by year 2012 it had been estimated that need based

capacity addition of more than 1,00,000 MW would be required

during the period 2002-12.


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CoalAs a result of exploration carried out up to the maximum depth of 1200m by the GSI,

CMPDI, SCCL and MECL etc, a cumulative total of 285862.21 Million Tonnes ofGeological Resources of Coal have so far been estimated in the country as on

1.4.2011.

(A) : GONDWANA COALFIELDS :-

Geological sources of Coal

Proved Indicated Inferred Total

1,13,407 1,37,371 33,590 2,84,369

(B) : TERTIARY COALFIELDS :-

Geological sources of CoalProved Indicated Inferred

(Exploration)

Inferred

(Mapping)

Total

593 99.34 49.57 749.92 1492.64

Source: Geological survey of India


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TYPE AND CATEGORY-WISE COAL RESOURCES OF INDIA

The Type and Category-wise coal resources of India as on 1.4.2011 are given in table below :-

(in million tonnes)

source: GSIType of Coal Proved Indicated Inferred Total

Coking

1. Prime Coking 4,614 6,98 0 5,313

2. Medium Coking 2,572 12,001 1,880 26,454

3. Semi Coking 4,82 1,003 2,21 1,707Sub-Total Coking 17,669 13,703 2,101 33,474

Non-Coking 95,738 12,368 31,488 2,50,895

Tertiary Coal 5,93.81 99.34 7,99.49* 1,492

Grand Total 1,14,001.60 1,37,471.10 34,389.51 2,85,862.21

* Includes 749.92 M.T. of Inferred resources established through mapping in North-Easternregion.


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Trends in Production of Coal

source: www.mospi.gov.in

Year Coal(million tonnes)

Installed Capacity

(in MW)

2005-06 4,07 1,24,287

2006-07 4,57 1,32,329

2007-08 4,57 1,43,061

2008-09 4,92 1,47,965

2009-10 5,32 1,59,398

2010-11 5,32 1,73,626

Growth rate of 2010-11 over

2009-10(%)0.12 8.93


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Coal production by CIL

Sector Apr10-Dec10 Apr09-Dec09 % growth

Power ( Utility )* 220.99 217.88 1.43

Power( Captive) 24.55 23.97 2.42

Power ( Utility & CPPs) 245.54 241.85 1.53

Domestic coal based power plants, which accounts for 70% of total

requirement of coal of the country, have lost generation due to shortage

of fuel on account of constrained supply by CIL.

Source: www.coal.nic.in

FY Actual Production in million tonne Growth %

2009-10 431.26 -

2010-11 431.32 .013%

2011-12 435.84 1%

2012-13 (projected) 470

Coal dispatch to power sector by CIL


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All India Coal Consumption for Power Generation (Utilities)

253 263 278 280302 330

355 367 387415

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-11 2011-12

Coal consumption in Million Tonne

Coal consumption in Million Tonne


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Constrained supply of coal by CIL

The output of the Maharatna firm remained stagnant for the last two

years which is often attributed to lack of forest and environment

clearances.

In FY 2010-2011, its production was 431 million tonne.

CIL produces 436 mt currently and plans to enhance this capacity to 464

mt by the end of the FY 2012-13. It has also earmarked a supply of

347 mt for the power sector.

Shortage of coal and gas had caused a power generation loss to the tune

of 9 billion units and 11 billion units, respectively, during FY 2011-12.


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Plant Load Factor trend showing the inefficiency of the

power plants

72.7

74.8

73.6

76.8

78.6

77.277.48

75.07

72.81

6970

71

72

73

74

7576

77

78

79

80

PLF

PLF


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Environmental issuessource:http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_coal-mining-centre-dumps-go-no-go-dubs-it-illegal_1589631

Two years ago govt. had divided coal mining zones into go and no-go a move thatstalled almost every big-ticket coal mining project in India the government isscrapping the policy.

According to Planning Commission data, the power sector alone was losing potential

production of 143,000 MW of power due to the MoEF policy.

THE NO-GO GHOST IN NUMBERS

Total coal bearing area in India (sq km) 17,300Total geological coal reserve (BT) 2,77

Coal bearing area out of total forest area(%) 0.16

Power need met by coal (%) 70

Total no of coal blocks in India 6,02

No of blocks identified in No-Go 2,03Spread over in area(sq km) 3,039

Annual production potential (MT) 6,60

Equivalent power generation capacity (MW) 1,30,000

Source: Coal ministry

E i t l i i NEP


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Environmental issues in NEP

Environmental concerns would be suitably addressed through appropriate

advance action by way of comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment

and implementation of Environment Action Plan (EAP). Steps would be taken for coordinating the efforts for streamlining the

procedures in regard to grant of environmental clearances including setting

up of Land Bank and Forest Bank.

Appropriate catchment area treatment for hydro projects would also be

ensured and monitored.

Setting up of coal washeries will be encouraged. Suitable steps would also

be taken so that utilization of fly ash is ensured as per environmental

guidelines.

Setting up of municipal solid waste energy projects in urban areas andrecovery of energy from industrial effluents will also be encouraged with a

view to reducing environmental pollution apart from generating additional

energy.

Full compliance with prescribed environmental norms and standards must

be achieved in operations of all generating plants.


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Natural Gas

India has total reserves (proved & indicated) of 757 million metric

tonnes of crude oil and1241 billion cubic metres of natural gas as on

1.4.2011.

Gross Production of Natural Gas in the country at 52.22 billion cubic

metres during 2010-11 is 9.95% higher than the production of 47.50

billion cubic metres during 2009-10.

The installed capacity of gas based power stations as on 30-04-2012 is

18381.05 MW, accounting for around 10 % of the total installed

capacity .


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Gas supply constraintssource:http://business-standard.com/india/news/no-new-gas-based-power-plant-to-be-settill-2015-16-cea/161405/on

The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has said no new gas-based powerplants will be set up in the country till 2015-16, as the natural gas

output is expected to fall considerably.

As per Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas reports India's natural gas

production is likely to fall by 35 per cent to 27.64 million metric

standard cubic metre per day (mmscmd) in the next fiscal and may

further dip by another 12 per cent to 24.22 mmscmd in 2013-14.


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Hydroelectric Power Generation

India is 6th largest generator of hydroelectric power with an installed

capacity of 39 GW.

India is endowed with economically exploitable and viable hydro

potential assessed to be about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor. In

addition, 6780 MW in terms of installed capacity from Small, Mini,and Micro Hydel schemes have been assessed. Also, 56 sites for

pumped storage schemes with an aggregate installed capacity of

94,000 MW have been identified. It is the most widely used form of

renewable energy. India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-

potential on global scenario.

Constraints in hydro power plants


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Constraints in hydro power plantsHydel power projects are risky on the basis of following factors:

political and environmental protests,

delay / cancellation of environmental clearances,

delays in land acquisition,

poor infrastructure,

tunnelling delays,

geological surprises,

contractual and procurement issues,

shortage of skilled man power,

difficulties in evacuation of power, etc.

Another constraint in hydel power project is hydrology. The Himalayan

glaciers are more susceptible to non linear changes to climate. Hence,

past data of hydrology cant be reliable.

Hydroelectric power projects in India's mountainous north and northeast

regions have been slowed down by ecological, environmental and

rehabilitation controversies, coupled with public interest litigations.

Nuclear Energy


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Nuclear EnergyNuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after

thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of energy.

As of April 2012, India has 20 nuclear reactors in operation in six nuclear

power plants, generating 4,780 MW while seven other reactors are

under construction and are expected to generate an additional

5,300 MW.

India's domestic uranium reserves are small and the country is

dependent on uranium imports to fuel its nuclear power industry.Since early 1990s, Russia has been a major supplier of nuclear fuel to

India. Due to dwindling domestic uranium reserves, electricity

generation from nuclear power in India declined by 12.83% from

2006 to 2008.Following a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group in September

2008 which allowed it to commence international nuclear trade, India

has signed bilateral deals on civilian nuclear energy technology

cooperation with several other countries including UK, USA, Canadaetc.


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Nuclear Power constraints

Dependency on other nations for fuel.

Political activism after fukushima disaster.


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Transmission & Distribution

The electrical power generated in the power stations reaches the end

user through complex transmission networks, which comprises oftransformers, overhead lines, cables and other equipments which

facilitates the transmission of electricity.

The amount of energy generated does not matches with the energydistributed and the energy billed. The reason behind this are the

losses in the transmission and distribution networks. This is known as

technical losses, which are difficult to eliminate completely. Apart

from this there are some commercial losses because of theft, errors

in metering etc.

The technical and commercial losses are called as Aggregate Technical

and Commercial (AT & C) loss collectively.


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Power losses trend

T & D Losses AT & C Losses

34.78 34.3333.02

30.6229.45

27.7427.15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

All India AT & C losses

32.5331.25

30.4228.65

27.225.47 25.39

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

All India T & D losses

Reasons for AT & C losses


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Reasons for AT & C losses

Technical Losses:

Overloading of existing lines and substation equipments

Absence of up gradation of old lines and equipments

Low HT: LT ratio

Poor repair and Maintenance of equipments

Non-installation of sufficient capacitors

Commercial Losses:

Low metering/billing/collection efficiency

Theft & pilferage and tampering of meters Low accountability of employees

Absence of Energy Accounting & Auditing


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Cost of power supply and realization

239254 260

276 293

341354

203 209221 227

239262 268

72.39 75.68 76.36 74.23 77.2785.26 89.05

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Average cost of power supply & average realization ( paise/kWh )Cost of supply (paise/unit) Including Agriculture Only Agriculture


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Rural electrification pace in India

source: CEA

2781 3884

12632

22594

5743 86293684

8072

No. of Villages Electrified in the year

Villages Electrified

Total inhabited villages as per 2001 census - 593015

Villages electrified as on 31-03-2011 - 546482

Energ efficienc


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Energy efficiency

S. No. Sector Consumption

(Billion KWh)

Saving Potential

(Billion KWh)

1. Agriculture Pumping 92.33 27.79

2. Commercial Buildings/

Establishments with

connected load > 500 KW

9.92 1.98

3. Municipalities 12.45 2.88

4. Domestic 120.92 24.16

5. Industry (Including SMEs) 265.38 18.57

Total 501.00 75.36

National Productivity Council (NPC), an autonomous organization under the Ministry of

Commerce, Government of India, was asked by BEE to undertake the study of energy saving

potential in all 35 states / UTs. The study focused only on estimation of the total electricity

consumption and saving potential in different sectors of each state / UT. The potential for

savings is about 15% of the electricity consumption. The sector wise aggregated potential at the

national level is as under:


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Strength and Opportunities in the power sector

Abundant Coal reserve- ranks 4th in production worldwide

Vast hydroelectric potential- ranks 7th in installed capacity worldwide

Large pool of skilled human resource

Impressive power development in absolute terms

Expertise in integrated and coordinated planning (CEA & MoP) Strong and globally competitive central utilities(NTPC,PGCIL,NHPC

etc.)

Evolving framework for private investments.

Well defined mechanism for dispute resolution (SERCs, CERCs,appellate tribunal etc.)

Political consensus on reforms.

One of the largest power market, potentially.


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Coal reserves in IndiaIndia has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world (approx. 285

billion tonnes).The top coal producing states are:

Orissa (76712 MT of total coal reserve)

Chhattisgarh (44483 MT of total coal reserve)

Jharkhand (65227 MT coal reserve)The other notable coal mining areas are

Singareni collieries in Khammam district, AP

Jharia mines in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand

Nagpur and Chandrapur district, Maharashtra

Raniganj in Brahman district, West Bengal

Nevyeli lignite mines in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu

Singrauli Coalfield and Umaria Coalfield in Madhya Pradesh

Hydroelectric potential in India


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Hydroelectric potential in IndiaThe country is blessed with immense potential for hydroelectric energy

and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro power. The assessed

potential basin wise is given as follows: source: NHPCRiver/Basin Probable Installed Capacity

Indus Basin 33,832

Ganga Basin 20,711

Central Indian River system 4,152

Western Flowing Rivers of southern India 9,430

Eastern Flowing Rivers of southern India 14,511

Brahmaputra Basin 66,065

Total 1,48,701

In addition, 56 number of pumped storage projects have also beenidentified with probable installed capacity of 94,000 MW. In addition to

this, hydro-potential from small, mini & micro schemes has been

estimated as 6,782 MW from 1,512 sites. Thus, in totality India is

endowed with hydro-potential of about 2,50,000 MW.

12th Pl Additi l M R i t


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12th Plan Additional Manpower Requirement

Sl.

No

Plan Capacity at

the

beginning

of

Plan

Capacity

addition

during

Plan*

Capacity

at the

end of

Plan

Manpow

er at the

beginning

of Plan

Reduced

Manpower

due to

retirement

etc.

Manpower

required for

Capacity

addition of

Plan

Manpower

at

the end

of Plan

Man/M

W

at the

end

of Plan

1. 11th 1,32,330 74,374 2,06,704 9,50 8,31 3,31 1,163 5.63

2. 12th 2,06,704 94,215 3,00,919 1,163 1,018 4,07 1,425 4.74

3. 13th 3,00,919 1,23,900 4,24,819 1,425 1,247 5,47 1,795 4.23

For a capacity addition of 94,215 MW(including renewable) in the 12th Plan, the additional

manpower requirement shall be of the order of 407 thousands out of which 312 thousands

will be technical and 94 thousands will be non-technical. The total manpower by the end of 12thPlan shall be 1425 thousands, out of which 1083 thousands (76%) will be technical and 341

thousands (24%) will be non-technical.

A summary of likely manpower at the end of 11th, 12th & 13th Plan is furnished in the following

table.


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ELECTRICITY GENERATION PERFORMANCE

Year Target Achievement % of target % growth

2007-08 710.0 704.5 99.2 6.3

2008-09 774.09 723.8 93.47 2.74

2009-10 789.511 771.551 97.73 6.6

2010-11 830.757 811.143 97.64 5.56

2011-12(up to Dec 2011

Tentative)639.029 653.446 102.26

9.23

The electricity generation target for the year 2011-2012 was fixed as 855 Billion Unit

(BU). i.e. growth of around 5.4% over actual generation of 811.143 for the previousyear (2010-2011). The generation during Dec, 2011 was 72.718 BU as compared to

67.328 BU generated during Dec 2010, representing a growth of about 8.02%.

Source: CEA

G th R t


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Growth RateThe growth rate of energy generation in the country since 2000-01 is given below:

Plan Year Generation (BU) Annual Growth(%) CAGR(%)

5.17

IX Plan 2001-02 515.3 3.1

X Plan 2002-03 531.6 3.2

2003-04 558.3 5.0

2004-05 587.4 5.2

2005-06 617.5 5.1

2006-07 662.5 7.3

XI Plan 2007-08 704.5 6.3

2008-09 723.8 6.3

2009-10 771.2 6.6

2010-11 811.1 5.55

* Generation during 2010-11 excludes generation from plants up to 25 MW Capacity.

Source: CEA

FDI i P S


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FDI in Power Sectorsource:http://dipp.nic.in/English/Publications/FDI_Statistics/FDI_Statistics.aspx

Power sector ranks 2nd in absolute terms and ranks 8th percentage wise

among highest FDI attracting sectors after service industry. The

following table shows the FDI in power sector in India.Amount in Rs. crores (US$ in million)

Sector 2010-11

(April-March)

2011-12

( April- March)

2012-13

( for April,

2012)

Cumulative

Inflows

(April 00-April12)

% age to total Inflows

(In terms of US$)

POWER 5,796

(1,272)

7,678

(1,652)

355

(68)

33,569

(7,367)

4 %

Power market scenario in India


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Power market scenario in India

Long term power market of about 90% till Jan, 2012. Short term power market size 9.93% by Jan, 2012.

FDI open in all sectors i.e. generation, transmission and, distribution.

About 1.6 billion $ FDI.

Two power exchanges (IEX & PXIL).

50 number of licensed traders.

Power market regulated by Power Market Regulations, 2010.

Opportunities in the Indian power sector


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Opportunities in the Indian power sector

Strong growth in generation capacity led by per capita consumption,

urbanization.

FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12

109 110 118 119128

91 97103 104

114

Peak Demand (MW) Demand met(MW)

9.3

6.88 8.5 7.6

6.3

2.7

6.6 5.6 6.9

FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12

Chart TitleGDP growth Rate (%) Electricity Growth rate


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Alternative source of energy

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009-10

Growth%

2004-2010 CAGR

%

1.3 2.7 3.8 5.1 4.1 3.0 3.8 25 19

TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT 2011 DATA TABLE. $BN

1.3

2.7

3.8

5.1

4.1

3

3.8

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Renewable Energy Investment

Investment in BN$

Source:Bloomberg New Energy Finance, UNEP

2009-10 growth rate 25%

CAGR 19 %


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Investment in clean technology

Opportunity in power evacuation


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Target for 12th five year plan - Power for all

Generation addition program

The total capacity addition requirement in the

country for 12th

Plan has been proposed as under: Total Capacity (excluding renewable) - 79,690 MW

Hydro - 9,204 MW

Nuclear - 2,800 MW

Thermal - 67,786 MW

Coal - 66,600 MW

Gas - 1,086 MW

Source: NEP, CEA

Power supply position in the country 2011 12


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Power supply position in the country 2011-12

Particulars Energy ( MU) Peak (MW)

Requirement 933741 136193

Availability 837374 118676

Surplus(+)/Shortage (-) -96367 -17517

Surplus(+)/Shortage(-) % -10.3% -12.9%


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Major power sector constraints for 9% growth rate

Indian Economy has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade

and to sustain a similar growth trajectory of 9%, power sector

needs to grow at atleast8.1 % per annum

Planning commission

Fuel shortage

Financing constraints

Poor financial health status of DISCOMs Poor cost reflective tariff structure

G th f t i i t i 6th fi l


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Growth of transmission sector since 6th five year plan

At the

end of

400 kV Transmission lines 220 kV Transmission lines

Central State Pvt. /JV Total Central State Pvt. /JV Total

6th Plan 1,831 4,198 6,029 1,641 44,364 46,005

7th Plan 13,068 6,756 19,824 4,560 55,071 59,631

8th Plan 23,001 13,141 36,142 6,564 73,036 79,600

9th Plan 29,345 20,033 49,378 8,687 88,306 96,993

10th Plan 48,708 24,730 2,284 75,722 9,444 1,05,185 1,14,629

11th Plan 75,889 31,873 5,605 1,13,367 10,387 1,28,947 8,30 1,40,164

12th Plan

Up toApril 12

76,384 31,873 5,605 1,13,862 10,393 1,29,078 8,30 1,40,301

A. Transmission Lines in circuit kilometers


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At the

end of

400kV substations 220 kV substations

Central State Pvt./ JV Total Central State Pvt./ JV Total

6th Plan 7,15 8,615 9,330 5,00 36,791 37,291

7th Plan 6,760 14,820 21,580 1,881 51,861 53,742

8th Plan 17,340 23,525 40,865 2,566 81,611 84,177

9th Plan 23,575 36,805 60,380 2,866 1,13,497 1,16,363

10th Plan 40,455 52,487 92,942 4,276 1,52,221 1,56,497

11th Plan 77,225 73,172 6,30 1,51,027 6,436 2,15,771 1,567 2,23,774

12th Plan

Up to

April 12

77,225 73,487 6,30 1,51,342 6,436 2,17,936 1,567 2,25,939

B. Sub-Station (MVA)

Growth of transmission sector as on 30 04 2012


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Growth of transmission sector as on 30-04-2012

Central Sector State Sector Private Sector Total

Transmission Lines in (ckm.)

765kV 5319 411 - 5730

400kV 76384 31873 5605 113862

220kV 10393 129078 830 140301

+/- 500 kV HVDC

Lines (ckm)

5948 1504 1980 9432

Sub-stations (MVA)

765kV 24000 1000 25000

400kV 77225 73487 630 151342

220kV 6436 217936 1567 225939

+/- 500 kV HVDC - - - -

source: CEA

power sector challenges & growth

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