Por Mateo L.

El presenteThe present tense is used to speak of actions

that are currently occurring, will occur, or just recently transpired.

There are three types of verb endings in the Spanish langauge (ar, er, and ir), and each has a different conjugation.

There are also a plentiful amount of irregular cases where exceptions will be made.

-ARThe endings for –AR verbs in the present are:

For example, the conjugation or mirar would be:

Singular Plural

1st Person o amos

2nd Person as áis

3rd Person a an

Singular Plural

1st Person miro miramos

2nd Person miras miráis

3rd Person mira miran

-ERVerbs ending in –ER have the following

conjugation:

The conjugation of comer would be:

Singular Plural

1st Person o emos

2nd Person es éis

3rd Person e en

Singular Plural

1st Person como comemos

2nd Person comes coméis

3rd Person come comen

-IRIR verbs have the following endings:

Notice that IR verbs have the same endings as ER verbs, excluding nosotros and vosotros forms.

The conjugation of existir would be:

Singular Plural

1st Person o imos

2nd Person es ís

3rd Person e en

Singular Plural

1st Person existo existimos

2nd Person existes existís

3rd Person existe existen

Ejemplos del Verbos Regulares1. Nosotros _____ (look for) un regalo para ti.

buscamos2. La maestra _______ (divided) la clase en grupos.

divide3. Yo _____ (open) las ventanas durante la noche.

abro4. Tú _____ (sing) como una morsa (walrus).

cantas5. Pedro y tú me _______ (call) por teléfono.

llamáis(vosotros)/llaman (Uds.)

Stem ChangersCertain verbs vary the standard conjugation in

the –yo, -tú, - él/ella/usted, and –ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.

These verbs are usually designated by a specific letter after the verb in paranthesis.

Stem changers are arranged by which letter in the verb is changed. They include:e iee io ueu ue

Stem Changers: e ieThe e is targeted in specific vowels to change.If there are more than one e, it is always the last e

in the verb (excluding if the verb ends in –er)An example using perder:

Other examples include tener, venir, cerrar, comenzar, divertirse, merendar, nevar, mentir, pensar, preferir, querer, recomendar, sentarse, sentirse, and empezar.

Singular Plural

1st Person pierdo perdimos

2nd Person pierdes perdéis

3rd Person pierde pierden

Stem Changers: e iVerbs that target the e may also change to an

i.It is always the last e targeted (exluding –er

verbs).An example using pedir:

Other examples include repetir, seguir, servir, vestirse, medir, and decir.

Singular Plural

1st Person pido pedimos

2nd Person pides pedís

3rd Person pide piden

Stem Changers: o ueSome stem changers involve the changing of

the final o to a ue.An example using poder:

Other examples include acostarse, almorzar, contar, costar, despertarse, dormir, encontrar, llover, morir, mostrar, probarse, recordar, soler, volver, devolver, and aprobarse.

Singular Plural

1st Person puedo podemos

2nd Person puedes podéis

3rd Person puede pueden

Stem Changers: u ueOther stem changers involve the changing of

the second u to a ue.An example using jugar:

Singular Plural

1st Person juego jugamos

2nd Person juegas jugáis

3rd Person juega juegan

“Go” VerbosCertain verbs take a special ending in their –yo

form endings only.These verbs are called “go” verbs, and include

traer, valer, hacer, oír, poner, salir, decir, venir, and tener.

Verbs may still take stem changer endings, but their –yo form changes to a –go.

Tener: Traer:Singular

Plural

1st Person

tenGO tenemos

2nd Person

tienes tenéis

3rd Person

tiene tienen

Singular

Plural

1st Person

traiGO traemos

2nd Person

traes traéis

3rd Person

trae traen

“OY” VerbosSimilar to go verbs, “oy” verbs take a special

ending in their –yo forms; each form is irregular, however.

Ir: to ho Ser: to be

Estar: to be Dar: to give

Singular

Plural

1st Person

voy vamos

2nd Person

vas vais

3rd Person

va van

Singular

Plural

1st Person

soy somos

2nd Person

eres sois

3rd Person

es sonSingular

Plural

1st Person

estoy estamos

2nd Person

estás estáis

3rd Person

está están

Singular

Plural

1st Person

doy damos

2nd Person

das dais

3rd Person

da dan

Saber, Haber, y CaberSaber , haber, and caber all have irregular

forms that cannot be classified into a group.Saber Haber

Caber ***Haber, however, is only used in the form of

hay when describing existence. The above conjugation is for the present-perfect***

Singular

Plural

1st Person

sé sabemos

2nd Person

sabes sabéis

3rd Person

sabe saben

Singular Plural

1st Person

he hemos

2nd Person

has habéis

3rd Person

ha hanSingular

Plural

1st Person

quepo cabemos

2nd Person

cabes cabéis

3rd Person

cabe caben

-ZCO VerbosSimilar to oy and go verbs, certain verbs

change to –zco in their yo forms.Conducir

Other verbs that have this ending include producir, ofrecer, and conocer.

Singular Plural

1st Person conduZCO conducimos

2nd Person conduces conducís

3rd Person conduce conducen

Otros –yo transformaciones-Cer/Cir z

vencer venzo ejercer ejerzo -Ger/Gir j

coger cojo exigir exijo protoger protejo afligir aflijo fingir finjo

-Guir g (gu u)corregir (elegir the same) seguirSingular Plural

1st Person

corrijo corregimos

2nd Person

corriges corregís

3rd Person

corrige corrigen

Singular Plural

1st Person

sigo seguimos

2nd Person

sigues seguís

3rd Person

sigue siguen

Verbos con –iar y -uarSpecific verbs with consecutive vowels need to be

stressed, so the vowel must contain an accent.Enviar Continuar

Also include confiar, Include actuar and graduarse

espiar, fiarse, guiar, resfriarse, and variar

Singular Plural

1st Person envío enviamos

2nd Person

envías enviáis

3rd Person

envía envían

Singular Plural

1st Person continúo continuamos

2nd Person continúas continuáis

3rd Person continúa continúan

Verbos como gustarCertain verbs are not conjugated at all; only a

subject is needed to agree with the noun.The most common example of this group is

gustar(le).DOPs are used here (direct object pronous)

Gustar is conjugated to match the subject; singular or plural forms ONLY! (gusta; gustan)

Singular Plural

1st Person me nos

2nd Person te os

3rd Person le le

Verbs that follow gustar like this include: caer(le), chocar(le), encantar(le), faltar(le), fasincar(le), fastidiar(le), molestar(le), parecer(le), importar(le), tocar(le), and interesar(le).

To add emphasis to these words, (A + subject) may be added before the expression.Yo A míTú A tiThe rest A (the noun)

Ejemplos de todo1. El programa ______ (concludes) después de cinco horas.

concluye2. Tú ______ (tell) un chiste a nosotros.

cuentas3. A mí _______ (seems to me) que la fiesta ______ (begins) a las siete.

me parece empieza4. Nosotros ______ (return) el regalo.

devolvemos5. Ellos ____ (sit) en el suelo.

se sientan

6. Yo no _____ (fit) en la puerta. quepo

7. Vosotros _____ (grow) muy rápidamente.crecéis

8. Nosotros _____ (go) a la tienda los domingos.vamos

9. ______ (it thunders) mucho durante una tormenta.Truene

10. Tú me _____ (spy) cuando yo _____ (go out) con un chico guapo.

espías salgo

11. A ella ______ (hates) esta canción.

le choca12. Nosotros no ______ (want) morir hoy.

queremos13. Yo siempre _____ (have fun) cuando yo _____ (am)

contigo.

me divierto estoy14. Usted no _____ (dress oneself) esta tarde.

se viste15. Vosotros no _____ (catch) la pelota.

cogéis

16. Yo siempre _____ (conquer) mis enemigos.venzo

17. A vosotros ______ (really like) cocinar para mí.os encanta

18. Ellos ______ (follow) mis instruciones mal. siguen

19. Tu madre _____ (graduate) de la U hoy. se gradúa

20. Tú ______ (close) la puerta a mí muchas veces.cierras

21. Ellas _____ (move) sus cosas a menudo.mueven

22. El fuego _____ (destroys) la casa lentamente.destruye

23. Nosotros ____ (are) enemigos ahora.somos

24. Yo siempre ______ (protect) mis animales de peluche. protejo

25. Usted ____ (come) a la fiesta tarde muchas veces. viene