POPULATIONS T U DY I N G T H E W O R L D ’ S I N H A B I TA N T S

Developed by Lydia Emory

BELLRINGER• What comes to

your mind when you hear the word Population?

• What is an inhabitant?

DEMOGRAPHY: THE STUDY OF POPULATIONS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

• Population Distribution- The pattern of where people live.– There are 3 factors that affect population distribution:

• Physical: People usually live in temperate climates, areas of low altitude, and places near water.

• Historical: Areas inhabited since ancient times that continue to be lived in today, such as ancient cities in Egypt.

• Socioeconomic: People prefer to live in areas with fertile soils and energy resources. They also like to live in areas with industry and services, such as

cities.

• http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/

POPULATION DENSITY • Definition: Connects the number of inhabitants (total

population) of an area with the size of the territory in square kilometers (inhabitants/km2). We use this to compare population sizes.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CALCULATING POPULATION DENSITY• Spain:

– Population: 46,070,146 Km2: 498,980• China:

– Population: 1,388,232,693 Km2: 9,326,410 • The United States:

– Population: 326,474,013 Km2: 9,147,593• Mongolia:

– Population: 3,051,900 Km2: 1,553,556

• Very Low Population Density: below 10 inhabitants/km2

• Low Population Density: between10 and 50 inhabitants/km2

• Moderate Population Density: between 50 and 100 inhabitants/km2

• High Population Density: over 100 inhabitants/km2

UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

• Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places which are barely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people.

• High concentrations of people usually are located around coastal regions and cities. Rural areas and interior territories are generally less populated.

THE GLOBAL POPULATION• China is currently the most populated country in the world.

However; India’s population is almost a big and is expected to be larger than China’s by 2022.

• Nigeria is the most populated African country with 182 million people. By 2050, the population is expected to be around 400 million people.

• Europe’s population is currently falling because of falling birth rates.• Megacities: Cities with a population over 10 million people

• Tokyo- 37,843,000 inhabitants• New York City- 20,630,000 inhabitants• Mexico City- 20,063,000 inhabitants

DEMOGRAPHIC RATES

• Birth rate = number of births/total population x 1000• Death rate = number of deaths/total population x 1000• Fertility Rate = number of births/number of women between 15 and 49 x

1000• Infant Mortality Rate = number of deaths in children under 1 year

old/number of births x 1000• Rate of Natural Increase = birth rate – death rate

CALCULATE THE BIRTH AND DEATH RATES

• Spain 2005: – Births: 466,371 Deaths: 387,355 Total Population: 43,854,761

• Spain 2010– Births: 486,575 Deaths: 382,047 Total Population: 46,601,492

• Spain 2014– Births: 427,595 Deaths: 395,830 Total Population: 46,259,716

– http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN?view=map

POPULATION STRUCTURETHE DIFFERENT TYPES OF POPULATION:

• Biological:– Sex:

• Male/Female– Age:

• Young population (0-14)

• Adult population (15-64)

• Elderly population (65-and over)

• Economic:– Population’s level of

activity• Active population

– Working population– Unemployed population– Those looking for their

first job.• Inactive population

Population can be analyzed by either Biological or Economic factors.

ECONOMIC SECTORS• Primary Sector:

– Involves obtaining products directly from nature. For example, agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, and exploitation of forests.

• Secondary Sector– Involves the transformation

of natural products. For example, mining, energy production, industry and construction.

• Tertiary Sector– Provides services to

people, such as education, health, retail, etc. This is the largest sector. It also includes jobs that require high levels of expertise and training.

POPULATION PYRAMIDSCHARTS TO SHOW POPULATION IN AGES BETWEEN

MEN AND WOMEN• Vertical Axis: Shows the age

groups of males and females. Each group covers 5 years starting with 0-4 years old, and ending with 85+ years old.

• Horizontal Axis: Shows the sexes- males are shown on the left and female is shown on the right.

• Age groups are divided by color for young, adult, and elderly. They are also referred to as the base, trunk, and top.

TYPES OF POPULATION PYRAMIDS

• Triangular-Shaped Pyramid– Shows that a population is growing or expanding– Corresponds to a young population

• Pointed Arch or Bell-Shaped Pyramid– Shows that a population is stable; neither growing nor

shrinking– Corresponds to an adult population

• Urn or Bulb-Shaped Pyramid– Shows that a population is not growing and/or shrinking– Corresponds to an ageing population

• ://populationeducation.org/content/world-population-video

• Are people living longer or shorter lives nowadays? Why?

• Is the global population growing too quickly?

• More than 90% of the world’s population lives in the Northern Hemisphere.

• Population density is higher in coastal regions than inland.

EUROPEAN POPULATION• Europe is a highly populated continent; however, there is a

falling birth rate which is causing the population to decrease. • There are currently 738 million inhabitants in Europe (10% of

the global population). – The population density of Europe is approximately 70 inhabitants/km2.

However, it is unevenly distributed. – Europe currently has one of the world’s highest percentages of

population over 65 years old (24%).

IS EUROPE’S FALLING POPULATION A PROBLEM?

POPULATION REPLACEMENT• Definition: The number of births needed to ensure population levels don’t

fall. An average of 2.1 children per woman (between the ages of 15-49) is needed to achieve population replacement.

• The current average European rate is currently 1.6. – This is not a high enough rate for Population Replacement!

Are there other ways to replacePopulation besides more births?

MIGRATION

• Definition: The movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently in the new location. The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another

• Emigration/Immigration*Immigrants can replace falling populations. So why are so many societies against them?

• Massive Population Movements– These are a major challenge to destination countries and leads nations

to adopt control methods for population.• Regulate Arrival of Migrants

– The arrival of desperate people to a new territory may cause conflict with the resident population, especially in times of economic crisis.

• Establish Rights and Working Conditions• Plan Policies to Promote Immigration

– Educating immigrants on the lifestyles and culture of their new home (multiculturalism).

– Create policies to make it easier for immigrants to return home.

WHY IS MIGRATION RELEVANT AND IMPORTANT?• Syrian Refugee Crisis

– 11 million Syrian Refugees fled their homes in search of a safe place to live.

– About 1 million refugees applied for Asylum in European countries.

• Influx of immigrants arriving to Spain and other Mediterranean countries from Northern Africa.

http://www.migrationpolicycentre.eu/migrant-crisis/focus-on-syrians/

WHY IMMIGRANTS ARE NECESSARY• With falling populations in Europe, it is

actually necessary for countries to accept immigrants in order to uphold their economic society.

• Syrian Refugees:– Most of these refugees are educated

professionals. They are fleeing from war and violence and have no other option but to go somewhere new.

• Northern African Refugees– Much of the time (not always), these

refugees are leaving their countries in search of better economic/job opportunities.

BIRTH RATE POLICIES

• Encouraging more births– Governments encourage citizens to have more births to offset the

ageing populations and to sustain population.• Anti-natal policies:

– These policies are meant to stop the population explosion. – Governments limit the number of children a family is allowed to

produce.

CHINA’S ONE-CHILD POLICY• In the 1970s, the Chinese government

implemented a demographic policy to reduce population growth. Families were permitted to have only one child.

• Discuss with your partner the Chinese one-child policy. List the advantages and disadvantages of having this policy. Then, form your own opinion and tell me if you think that the one-child policy is a good idea or not and tell me why.

REVIEW• What are the 3 factors that affect

Population Distribution?• How do you calculate Population

Density?• How do you calculate birth rate and

death rate?• What is a Population Pyramid?• Is Europe’s population rising or falling?

Why?• What is Migration and why is it

important?