political system and its functions final

8/9/2019 Political System and Its Functions Final

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POLITICAL

SYSTEM

ANDITS

FUNCTIONS


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POLITICAL SYSTEM

y A political system is a system of politics and government. Itis usually compared to the legal system, economicsystem, cultural system, and other social systems.

y A political system is a complete set of institutions, interestgroups (such as political parties, trade unions, lobbygroups), the relationships between those institutions andthe political norms and rules that govern their functions

(constitution, election law).

y A political system is composed of the members of a socialorganization (group) who are in power.


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POLITICAL SYSTEM OF INDIA


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y India is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic Republic with aParliamentary form of Government.

y The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly

on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26thNovember 1950.

y The Constitution advocated the trinity of justice, liberty andequality for all the citizens.

y The Constitution was framed keeping in mind the

socioeconomic progress of the country.

y India follows a parliamentary form of democracy and thegovernment is federal in structure.


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y In Indian political system, the President is the constitutionalhead of the executive of the Union of India.

y The real executive power is with the Prime Minister and theCouncil of Ministers.

y According to the Article 74(1) of the constitution, the Councilof Ministers under the leadership of the Prime Minister isresponsible to aid and assist the President in exercising thePresidents function.


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FORMATION OF POLITICAL SYSTEM

y President

y Vice-President

y Council Of Ministers

y

Parliamenty Rajya Sabha

y Lok Sabha

y State Governments


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PRESIDENT OF INDIA

y The President of India is theconstitutional head of India and isthe supreme commander of thenations armed forces.

y The President is elected by membersof an Electoral College consisting ofelected members of both the Housesof Parliament and Legislative

Assemblies of the states, withsuitable weightage given to each vote.

y His term of office is for five years.


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y Among other powers, the President can proclaim anemergency in the country if he is satisfied that the security ofthe country or of any part of its territory is threatened by thefollowing situations.

y A war or external aggression, an armed rebellion within thecountry and collapse of state machinery in terms of economicand political crisis.

y Hence when there is a failure of the constitutional machinery

in a state, the President can assume all or any of the functionsof the government of that state.


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VICE-PRESIDENT

y The Vice-President of India iselected by the members of anelectoral college consisting ofmembers of both Houses ofParliament.

y

The method of electing the VicePresident is the system ofproportional representation bymeans of a single transferable vote.

y Vice- President holds office forfive years.

y The Vice-President also happensto be Ex-officio Chairman of theRajya Sabha and presides over itsproceedings.


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COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

y The Council Of Ministers is elected by the members of theUnion Government.

y The Council of Ministers comprises of Cabinet Ministers,Minister of States and Deputy Ministers.

y Prime Minister heads the Council of Ministers andcommunicates all decisions of the Council of Ministersrelating to administration of affairs of the Union andproposals for legislation to the President.


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y Generally, each department has an officer designated assecretary to the Government of India to advise the Ministerson policy matters and general administration.

y The Cabinet Secretariat has an important harmonizing role indecision making at the highest level and operates under the

bearing of the Prime Minister.


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THE PARLIAMENT


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y The Parliament is the legislative arm of the Union.

y It consists of the President, Rajya Sabha or the Upper Houseand Lok Sabha or the Lower House.

y All bills to be made into law require the consent of both thehouses of parliament.

y However, in case of money bills, the Lok Sabha is thesupreme authority


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RAJYA SABHA

y The Rajya Sabha consists of not more than 250 members. Ofthese, 233 represent states and union territories and 12members are nominated by the President.

y Elections to the Rajya Sabha are indirect. Members to theRajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of Legislative

Assemblies of the concerned states.


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y The members of the Upper House put forth the interests oftheir respective state in the Parliament.

y

The Rajya Sabha is not subject to dissolution in contrast tothe Lok Sabha and one third of its members retire everysecond year.


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LOK SABHA

y The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives of the peoplechosen by direct election on the basis of universal adultfranchise.

y As of today, the Lok Sabha consists of 545 members with twomembers nominated by the President to stand for the Anglo-Indian Community.

y Unless dissolved under circumstances like failure of theleading party to prove clear majority or a no-confidencemotion, the term of the Lok Sabha is for five years.


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STATE GOVERNMENTS

y The system of government in states closely resembles that ofthe Union. In the states as well there are two major governing

bodies - the legislative assembly and the legislative council.

y For the Legislative assembly direct elections are held and thepolitical party receiving the majority votes forms theGovernment in the state.


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FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

y The system of government in states closely resembles that ofthe Union.

y

In the states as well there are two major governing bodies -the legislative assembly and the legislative council.

y For the Legislative assembly direct elections are held and thepolitical party receiving the majority votes forms the

Government in the state.


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y The definition and punishment of crime.

y The administration of justice in civil causes.

y The determination of the political duties, privileges, andrelations of citizens.

y The regulation of trade and industry.

y The regulation of labor.


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The maintenance of postal and telegraph systems.

The manufacture and distribution of gas, the maintenance ofwater-works, etc.

Sanitation, including the regulation of trades for sanitarypurposes.

Education.

Care of the poor and incapable.


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IMPACT ON NANO PROJECT

After much speculation, Tata Motors announced on May 19, 2006 that it will bemanufacturing Tata Nano from Singur,West Bengal. However, within a weekprotests were started by a few farmers in the area against the acquisition of theirlands by Tata.The cause was taken up byMamata Banerjee, the leader ofTrinamoolCongress. The situation escalated with Tatas threatening to pull out, and disruption

of compensation for farmers who had volunteered to sell their land by anti-acquisition activists. This was followed by a state-widebandhby Trinamool Congressin October.The government banned political parties from holding meetings orprocessions at Singur and installed a huge police force there.There was widespread

violence in the clashes between the police and the farmers on December 2, 2006.On December 4, 2006 Mamata Banerjee entered into a hunger strike. A 48-hourstrike was later called by her to protest the death of Tapasi, a Save Farmland

Committee campaigner, whose burnt body was found at the Nano plant site inSingur. Two CPM activists were later convicted and sentenced to life imprisonmentfor the murder. On the 24th day of her strike, Banerjee was given oxygen support andfinally called off her fast after appeals from the then President AbdulKalam and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.


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y As the protests over the land continued in 200, RatanTata accused that the competitors had a role in thecontroversy. The acquisition of land was initially criticised inFebruary 2007, but later approved by the Calcutta HighCourt in 2008. As political unrest and rains hampered the

construction, Tata Motors delayed the launch of Nano toSeptember 2008.y Violence continued throughout 2008 and on September 2,

2008, Tata Motors announced that they have suspended workat Singur. On October 2, 2008 Tata Motors announced thatthey are pulling out of Singur. On October 7, 2008, it was

announced that the Chief Minister ofGujarat, NarendraModi had signed an MoUwith Tata Motors for allocating landfor Nano factory in Sanand inAhmedabad district of gujrat

political system and its functions final

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