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US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Plans for U.S. engagementwith ITER Organization
Ned SauthoffU.S. ITER Project Manager
Committee to Review U.S. ITERScience Participation Planning Process
Washington, DCDecember 14, 2007
“U.S. Contributions to ITER” Major Item of Equipment project
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
U.S. Contributions to ITER
• Deliverables, as per ITER Agreement:– In-kind hardware– Cash– Staff for the international ITER Organization
• Some governing policies/procedures for US contributions:– ITER Joint Implementing Agreement– DOE Order 413.3 Project Management Order
(for Major Item of Equipment)– Federal Acquisition Regulations– Department of Energy Acquisition Regulations– Buy American Act
U.S. 2006 ITER In-kind Hardware Contributions
100% ion cyclotrontransmission lines
100% electron cyclotron transmission lines
15% of port-based diagnostics
7 central solenoid windings
75% cooling for divertor, vacuum vessel, …
20% blanket/shield
pellet injector tokamak exhaust processing system
roughing pumps, standard components
8% of toroidal field conductor
steady-state power supplies
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
ITER Procurements in-kind
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Major Areas of Cost
ITER Sept 2006 Cost Estimate by WBS($M, fully burdened, escalated w/o contingency)
$167.27$164.08
$117.46
$92.35
$83.69
$58.16$54.48
$46.61 $44.26
$25.82
$11.89
-
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
1.1.1 Magnet
Systems
1.7 IT Support 1.2.1 Cooling
Water
Systems
1.1.2 / 1.1.3
First Wall &
Shield
Systems / Port
Limiters
1.5.3
Diagnostics
1.6 Project
Support
1.5.2 Electron
Cyclotron
1.3.1 Vacuum
Pumping &
Fueling System
1.3.2 Tritium
Plant Exhaust
Processing
1.4.1 Electric
Power
Systems
1.5.1 Ion
Cyclotron
System
$M
5
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Toroidal Field Coil Conductor
outboard section inboard section
TF CICC, section TF CICC, exploded
“long”double
pancakes
TF coilin case
Exploring:
- Seam-welded (vs. seamless) tube conduit
- Perforated (vs. helical) central cooling tube
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Fabrication of TF Conductor
Cablewinch
8-stand tube-forming mill with doubleturks-head for straightening
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Central Solenoid Coil
Originally, all JA-supplied Conductor (exploring US supplying initial CS cable)
Exploring alternative supports
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
US Scope
Cooling Water System
IN Scope
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Tokamak Cooling Water System
Primary Heat Transfer:• Vault• Upper Pipe Chase• Roof• Lower Pipe Chase
Support Systems:• Draining and Refilling
(WBS1.2.1.6)
• Chemical and VolumeControl System(WBS1.2.1.5)
• Drying (WBS1.2.1.7)
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Blanket, Port Limiter and Divertor Systems
Instrumentation is key to science on ITER
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/0713
US ITER Diagnostics Scope
Instrumentation Purpose
Upper IR/Visible Cameras monitor for hot spots on outer target surface
Low Field Side Reflectometr y pedestal and SOL density profiles,
fluctuations
Motional Stark Effect safety factor q(R)
Electron Cyclotron Emissio n Te(R), and MHD
Divertor Interferometer line density, several chords across divertor
throats
Toroidal Interferometer/ Polarimeter
line density along tangential chords at
midplane
Residual Gas Analyzer gas composition in pumping ducts
Port Plug s Comments
Upper Ports (U5, U17)
Equatorial Ports (E3, E9)
Lower Port Structures (L8)
Includes design, fabrication, assembly and testing. Also includes integration of both US
and other party’s instruments in US plugs and support for US instruments in plugs provided by other parties. Also includes
integration in interspace and port cell areas.
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/0714
Recent Progress and Near-Term Challenges
Co
st
De
sig
n
R&
D
Co
st
De
sig
n
R&
D
Upper Visible/IR Camera assess optical design, central tube concept LLNL C C O
LFS Reflectometer determine optimum frequency bands and polarizations UCLA C
LFS Reflectometer ORNL C
LFS Reflectometer optimize front-end configuration, WG tests ? P
MSE assess usefulness of |B| determination NOVA C C O
MSE performance simulation of conventional polarimetry approach PPPL C
MSE optimization of optical design LLNL C C O
ECE investigate non-thermal issues, use of oblique view PPPL C
ECE review reference design, hot source R&D U.Texas, U. Md, MIT C O
ECE ORNL C
ECE refine front end design ? P
Divertor Interferometer develop conceptual design UCLA/GA C C
Divertor Interferometer refine front-end design ? P
Tang. Interfer./Polarimeter optimize reference design GA/UCLA C C
Tang. Interfer./Polarimeter refine front-end design ? P
RGA develop conceptual design ORNL C C
Neutronics Analysis develop neutronics models for plug integration using ATILLA UCLA C O
First Mirror R&D model erosion/deposition on 1st mirrors ANL C O
Shutter R&D develop candidate shutter concepts PPPL P
C - complete, O - ongoing, P - planned
Phase 2Phase 1
Package Design/R&D Task Summary Institution(s)
• Progress in advancing diagnostics designs comes through broad communityinvolvement in short-term performance assessments, cost studies, & R&D tasks.
• Near-term challenge is to obtain authorization to proceed to detailed design.– Activity presently delayed due to slip in schedule for issuance of diagnostic
procurement arrangements by ITER Organization to July, 2009.– In many areas, scope definition is also incomplete pending PAs.
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Electron Cyclotron Transmission Line andMode Control
US ITER ECH Test Facility to develop and qualify T-line componentswith long pulse gyrotrons (140 GHz and 170 GHz)
1 or 2 MW transmission lines from the gyrotrons to the launchers24 lines to the equatorial launcher (EL); 32 lines to the upper launchers (UL)
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Likely upgrades to ECH system impactthe Transmission Lines
• Increase sources from 24 to 48 MWsas a substitute for NBI power.
• 2 MWs per line (increased cooling)• Three possible T-line options
Eq. launcher
Up. launchers24-1MW gyrotrons
Transmission lines
20MW
20MW24-1MW gyrotrons
(A)
40MWEq. launcher
Up. launchers48-1MWgyrotrons
Transmission lines
Power combiner
WaveguideSW
(B)
(40MW)
f0
f0+Δf
Eq. launcher
Up. launchers
24-Upgradedgyrotrons
Transmission lines
WaveguideSW
(C)
(greater than 20MW)
greater than 20MWG. Saibene
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Ion Cyclotron System
20 MW
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
5 or 2.5 MW transmission lines from the sources to the antenna4 or 8 lines feed an ELM tolerant tuning/matching (T/M) system Conjugate T or 3 dB T/M connected to 24 strap antenna array
ICH Transmission lines andTuning/Matching System
Tritium ion heating during DT ops.Minority ion heating with H/D ops.Central current drive for AT ops.
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
40-55 MHz High Power, Long Pulse, facilityused to develop and qualify components
High power resonant ring and shorted T-line cantest components to > 5 MWs for full pulse length
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
ITER Pumping and Fueling Systems
LeakDetectionSystem
RGADiagnostics
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Tritium Processing System
Tokamak
Vacuum
Tokamak
Exhaust
Processing
Isotope
Separation
System
Storage and
DeliveryFueling
Atmosphere
Detritiation
Water
Detritiation
Automated
Control
System
Analytical
System
Q2
Water
Methane
Inerts
Q2
Water
Methane
Inerts
Q2
Trace-tritium gases (water ,
methane, inerts
D, TD, TDTH
Air /
Gases
EffluentH2OHTO
T
Tritium Plant
US
KA
EU EU, JA
EU
Central
Fund
Central
Fund
Note: Q = H, D or T
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Roughing Pump SystemLeak Detection System• Roughing pump sets - 4 identical pump assemblies
Piston pumps, Blowers, glove box assemblies with associated valves,instrumentation and controls. Needs to be tritium compatible.
Roughing Pump Set AssemblyChange Over Valve Box Assembly
• Leak Detection System - Mass spectrometers and RGAs,conventional vacuum hardware, all need to be tritium compatible.Some assemblies in glove boxes.
Mass Spectrometer LD Type 1
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
• Pellet injection to achieveefficient core tritium fueling
Pellet Fueling of ITER
Pellet Path
Hydrogen, Deuterium andTritium Pellets @ 14° Kelvin
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
ITER Gas Gun Pellet Injection System R&Dand Design underway
Roots + Screw BlowerPropellant Compressor
Pellet Injector
V1V2
Pellets CryocoolerCompressor
DT Supply
VacuumMicrowave
Cavity
Prototype extruderis being tested
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Control of Type 1 ELMs Is a Pressing Issue for ITER
Loarte et al., Nuclear Fusion, ITER Physics Basis,Chapter 4
Reducing the energy loss to <1MJ using ~ 40 Hz pellet pacinghas been proposedWould require at least 2 additional injectors to provide highthroughput of pacing pellets
Minimum AcceptableValue (?)
Pellet pacing to trigger ELMs
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
• A “golf ball size” pellet made withD2 or combination of D2 and Ne orother impurity is an option tomitigate disruptions.
• A 10 cm3 pellet with 10,000 torr-Lis entirely possible.
• A reliable single stage gas guncan accelerate the pellet to 1 km/sspeed.
• A “V” groove guide tube toproduce quasi-liquid jet lookspromising.
Killer pellets have been proposed forDisruption Mitigation
1115 m/s350 m/s 581 m/s
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Standard Vacuum Components
• Standard components consists of – ICRF vacuum system - 64 getter pumps and 32 valves– ECH vacuum system - 130 sputter ion pumps, 10 TMPs,
10 dry pumps & 220 valves– Guard and service vacuum system - 86 cryo pumps, 2 dry pumps and
1738 valves
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Steady-state Electric Power Scope
HV Switchgear
HV Transformers
MV Switchgear
MV Transformers
LV Load Centers
LV Distribution Boards
75% by US~ $20Mequipment
25% by EU
• 140MVA AC Substation & Power Distribution• Design, installation, commissioning by EU• Procurements shared by EU and US
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Steady State ElectricPower
Steady State Electric Power Network Pulsed Electric Power Network400kV
Magnets Heating & Current Drive
~=
~= P,Q
Control
500MW400MVAR650MVAPulsed
EU + China
120MW50MVAR130MVAContinuous
Class III (Safety):8MW
~
Class IV:CWS 37MWCryo 27MWOther 50MW
EU + US
Host(EU)
Similar toauxiliaryelectricalsystem of
nuclear powerplant
except higherpower level
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Support of the Resolution of Design Issues
• The USIPO provided support for communityparticipation in the “Design Review”– The Burning Plasma Organization
was a major contributor, particularlyin Working Group 1
– The Virtual Laboratory for Technologycontributed in the areas of expertise
– The USIPO team participated in theUS design areas and in general areas
• The remaining issues are being addressed by the ITER Organization,Domestic Agencies, and the fusion communities of the ITER parties– International and domestic processes being developed– Target resolution by Spring 2008
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Design Issues for Resolution
• Vertical Stability• Shape Control / Poloidal Field Coils• Flux swing in Ohmic Operation and CS• ELM control• Remote Handling• Blanket Manifold RH• First Wall (C/W) strategy• Capacity for 17MA discharge• Coil cold tests• Vacuum Vessel• Other issues
– TBM strategy– Hot cell Design– Buildings/ integrated logisitcs– Heating and current drive strategy related to research plan
The U.S. ITER Project Office (USIPO)
Legend:LLC Limited Liability CompanyORO Oak Ridge OfficePSO Princeton Site OfficeORNL Oak Ridge National LaboratoryPPPL Princeton Plasma Physics LaboratorySRNL Savannah River National LaboratorySROO Savannah River Operations Office
33
U.S. Contributions to ITER Project
US ITER In-kind Hardware Contributions
100% Ion Cyclotrontransmission lines
100% Electron Cyclotron transmission lines
15% of port-based diagnostics
7 Central Solenoid windings
75% Cooling for divertor, vacuum vessel, …
20% Blanket/Shield
pellet injector Tokamak exhaust processing system
Roughing pumps [swap w/ EU?], standard components
8% of Toroidal Field conductor
Steady-state power supplies
ORNLORNL
ORNL
ORNL
ORNLORNLORNL
ORNL
PPPL
PPPL
SRNL
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Procurement Procedures
• U.S. ITER procurements are governed by Department ofEnergy Acquisition Regulations (DEAR) as well as theFederal Acquisition Regulations (FAR)
• These DOE regulations are flowed down to the nationallaboratories through their contracts with DOE
• ITER Agreement terms also flow down through contracts
• Partner labs PPPL and SRNL will manage their owncontracts with USIPO oversight
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
US ITER Procurement Practices
• USIPO and IO jointly perform R&D, design andProcurement Agreements
• USIPO completes enabling work and defines scopes forsuppliers
• We expect detailed design, manufacturing design andfabrication to be done mostly by industry
• USIPO will be the contact with the suppliers for US scope
• We have the ability to offer incentives in contracts tomotivate schedule performance
• USIPO provides information to the IO on milestones
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ITER IOLICENSE TOCONSTRUCT
TOKAMAKASSEMBLY STARTS
FIRSTPLASMA
BidContract
EXCAVATETOKAMAK BUILDING
OTHER BUILDINGS
TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY
COMMISSIONING
MAGNET
VESSEL
Bid Vendor’s Design
Bid
Installcryostat
First sector Complete VVComplete blanket/divertor
PFC Install CS
First sector Last sector
Last CSLast TFCCSPFC TFCfabrication start
Contract
Contract
2016
Construction License Process
Current Official Project Schedule
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
US ITER Budget Request ($M),summing to $1.122B
Procurements ~$600M
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Interfaces with the research community
• The US is a strong participant in the International TokamakPhysics Activity (ITPA)
• The Burning Plasma Organization and the Virtual Laboratoryfor Technology engage the US community in burning plasmascience and engineering-science/technology research– US ITER’s chief scientist is the director of the BPO– US ITER’s chief technologist is the director of the VLT
• The IO-led Research Planning involves 3 US participants– Engaging the US community in planning ITER research is
key
• ITER issues are major foci of the US facilities’ researchprograms
US Contributions to ITER NRC 12/14/07
Summary
The U.S. Contributions to ITER project is:• established and functioning, with a tightly integrated
DOE/contractor team
• working with the ITER Organization and the other DomesticAgencies to plan, position, and act
• finishing design-related R&D, performing design work, andpreparing for procurements
• engaging the US fusion community in addressing keyITER- design issues