Planet Earth Planet Earth

Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Science

Planet EarthPlanet Earth

Planet Earth is the _____ planet from the sun.3rd

We live on a unique planet in that it may be the only one in our solar system that has life on it.What do you think? Are we alone?

Living CreaturesLiving Creatures

Living things are called?

Organisms

QuestionQuestion

Do organisms interact with non living components on the Earth?

Examples: 1.Respiration2.Water breaks down components3.Rocks and Minerals for building/ tool making

Non-living components of Earth Are?Non-living components of Earth Are?

LithosphereLithosphere

HydrosphereHydrosphere

AtmosphereAtmosphere

The lithosphere ……The lithosphere ……

Land on the Earth’s surface

The hydrosphere…………..

That part of the Earth made up of water

The atmosphere…………The atmosphere…………

Air that surrounds the Earth

What characteristics make it possible for life to exist What characteristics make it possible for life to exist on the Earth?on the Earth?

1. Liquid water Why is it important??

•Organisms are mostly water.•Nutrients need to be dissolved in water to be used•Most chemical activities occur in water.

What else is water needed forWhat else is water needed for

2. To store heat

Where is this going to happen?

OCEANS

What characteristics make it possible for life to What characteristics make it possible for life to exist on the Earth?exist on the Earth?

1. The atmosphere Why?

•Maintain a steady temperature•Gases are used by organisms

2. The sun … 2. The sun …

All energy comes from the sunAll energy comes from the sun

What characteristics make it possible for life to What characteristics make it possible for life to exist on the Earth?exist on the Earth?

Animals use _____________ to carry out the process of _______________________ to make

______________.

oxygen

respiration

energy

Plants use _____________ to carry out the process of _______________________ to make

______________ from sunlight.

CO2

photosynthesis

energy

Do plants need oxygen to make energy?Do plants need oxygen to make energy?

YesYes

Plants use oxygen to make energy for them to Plants use oxygen to make energy for them to grow and developgrow and develop

The interaction between living and non-The interaction between living and non-living parts of the Earth are the subject of:living parts of the Earth are the subject of:

ECOLOGYECOLOGY

The lithosphereThe lithosphere

is made of three types of rocks:is made of three types of rocks:

1.1. IgneousIgneous – liquid or molten rocks – liquid or molten rocks

2.2. SedimentarySedimentary – layers of sediment accumulate and – layers of sediment accumulate and are compacted or cementedare compacted or cemented

3.3. MetamorphicMetamorphic – formed under intense heat and – formed under intense heat and pressure.pressure.

The atmosphereThe atmosphere

What gases make up the atmosphere?What gases make up the atmosphere?1.1. Nitrogen – 78%Nitrogen – 78%2.2. Oxygen – 21%Oxygen – 21%3.3. Carbon dioxide - .04%Carbon dioxide - .04%4.4. The rest includes: water vapor, dust, argon The rest includes: water vapor, dust, argon

Where does the COWhere does the CO22 come from? come from?

Released from volcanoes.Released from volcanoes.

Produced when burning fossil fuels.Produced when burning fossil fuels.

Air pressure is……..Air pressure is……..

Greatest at sea level. Greatest at sea level.

14.7 lbs/in14.7 lbs/in22

Becomes less as you gain altitude.Becomes less as you gain altitude.

Atmospheric layersAtmospheric layers

Thermosphere - highestThermosphere - highest

MesosphereMesosphere

StratosphereStratosphere

Troposphere – nearest the EarthTroposphere – nearest the Earth

TroposphereTroposphere

Weather occurs hereWeather occurs here

Most of the Earth’s water vapor and gases Most of the Earth’s water vapor and gases are hereare here

StratosphereStratosphere

Ozone layer here Ozone layer here

OO33 you smell this after a thunderstorm you smell this after a thunderstorm

Jet stream – weather controllerJet stream – weather controller

MesosphereMesosphere

Meteors burn up hereMeteors burn up here

Coolest layerCoolest layer

ThermosphereThermosphere

Contains the ionosphereContains the ionosphere

Ions become trapped and glow causing the Ions become trapped and glow causing the northern lightsnorthern lights

Temperature is 2,000 Temperature is 2,000 00C – air molecules C – air molecules are very far apart.are very far apart.

HydrosphereHydrosphere

97 % of the water on the earth is?97 % of the water on the earth is?

Salt water

Of the remaining water 2% is locked in ice.This leaves only 1% as usable freshwater.

Ocean waterOcean water

Is 35 ppt of saltIs 35 ppt of salt

Meaning 35 solid parts of salt for every Meaning 35 solid parts of salt for every 1000 parts of sea water.1000 parts of sea water.

The major salt is The major salt is NaClNaCl

FreshwaterFreshwater

Stored in:Stored in:

lakes, ponds, streams, riverslakes, ponds, streams, rivers

Ground waterGround water

Ground waterGround water

Is carried in porous rock (permeable) Is carried in porous rock (permeable) called an called an

aquifer

Ground water can reach the surface by Ground water can reach the surface by way of a: way of a:

spring

When ground water becomes “sandwiched” When ground water becomes “sandwiched” between two layers of impermeable rock and between two layers of impermeable rock and the rock above cracks, water can reach the the rock above cracks, water can reach the surface by way of an surface by way of an oasisoasis or or artesian well.artesian well.

QuestionQuestion

Can rain re-fill the aquifers as fast as people Can rain re-fill the aquifers as fast as people can pump the water out?can pump the water out?

In most cases NO!!!!!!!!!!!!

Most surface water runs off and continues to the ocean

Biosphere…………Biosphere…………

All parts of the Earth that contains and All parts of the Earth that contains and supports life…..supports life…..

Most life prefers to live between 500 m. deep Most life prefers to live between 500 m. deep in the ocean to 6 km above sea level.in the ocean to 6 km above sea level.

Energy FlowEnergy Flow

Sunlight

Biosphereplant and

animal use

Lost as heat To space

Changes in the biosphereChanges in the biosphere

Affect organismsAffect organisms

1.1. If we raise or lower the temperature of If we raise or lower the temperature of ocean water…..ocean water…..

2.2. Volcanic eruptions can……….Volcanic eruptions can……….

Organisms can change the biosphereOrganisms can change the biosphere

What happens when a beaver dams a What happens when a beaver dams a stream?stream?Make a list of all the things that could Make a list of all the things that could happen.happen.

The biosphere is a very complex networkThe biosphere is a very complex network