phonology slide

7/31/2019 Phonology Slide

1/24

Phonology is the study of the ways inwhich speech sounds formsystems and

patterns. phonetics provides the means for the

description of speech sound.


2/24

The term phonology, like grammar, isused in two ways: as the mental

representation of linguistic knowledge,and as the description of this knowledge.


3/24

Phonologyrefers either to therepresentation of the sound of the sound

patterns in a speakers mental grammar,or to the study of the sound patterns in alanguage or human language ingeneral.


4/24

The vagueness extends to the definitionof prosodic features. In American

linguistics, the term is used more or lesssynonymously with suprasegmentalsfeatures.


5/24

In Ilse Lehiste book,her describes it byshowing the classes of Suprasegmentalswith an agreement of Eric P Hampclassification in A glossary of AmericanLinguistic usage that mentioned pitchwhich working about tonal feature,quantity the representation of duration,as the main parts of Suprasegmentals.Tonal features (including pitch andintonation).


6/24

As the feature of suprasegmentals,quantity is correlated to the duration ofthe utterance.


7/24

Duration has functions as anindependent variable at word (quantity,

as the linguistic function in this level) andsentence (tempo, linguistic function ofthis level).


8/24

The quantity has a domain of its patternsand well known as a single segment or a

higher-level phonological unitasyllable, a disyllabic sequence or even aword.


9/24

Example:

Tagalog : [kaibi:gan] the meaning

isTeman the longer sound aftervowel[i]; the short sound we found ingan.

[kai:bigan] the meaning is kekasih thelonger sound we found after vowel [i];the short sound we found in bigan


10/24

Another example from Indonesia language:

Jatuh [ja:tuh] the longer sound aftervowel [a] and the short sound we found in

or we can say [jatu:h] the longer soundafter vowel [u] and the short sound wefound in h or [ja:tu:h] the longer soundafter vowel [a] and [u] then the short soundwe found in h. Butthey have the same

meaning when we say these words, it canhappen because there is duration of thewords but there are not linguistic functionsin these words.


11/24

Tonal features are related to thefrequency and pitch, as the feature of

the tone in speech sound.


12/24

There is any contrastive functionbetween tone (which is well known works

in word level) and intonation (works insentence level


13/24

The pitch produced depends upon howfast the vocal cords vibrate; the faster

they vibrate the higher the pitch.

Theway pitch is used linguistically differs fromlanguage to language.


14/24

Language that use pitch of individualsyllables to contras meaning are called

tone language. Languages that usepitch syntactically (works in sentencelevel) called intonation language.


15/24

There are more than a thousand tonelanguages in Africa alone; most of the Sino-Tibetan languages, such as Chinese, Thai,

and Burmese, are tone languages. Thai is alanguage that has contrasting pitches ortones. The same string of segmentalsound represented by /naa/will mean

different things if one says the sounds with amid pitch, a high pitch, a falling pitch fromhigh to low, or a rising pitch from low tohigh.


16/24

Thai therefore has four linguistic tones:

naa [ ] mid tone rice paddy

nAa [ ] high tone younger maternaluncle or aunt

nAa [ ] falling tone face

nAa [ ] rising tone thick


17/24

lexical tone

grammatical tone

morphemic tone


18/24

As the feature of the tone in speechsound, there is any contrastive function

between tone (which is well known worksin word level) and intonation (works insentence level).


19/24

John is going with a falling pitch at theend, it is the statement; but if the pitch

rises at the end, it is interpreted as aquestion.

The intonation of the sentence can beused to distinguish between two differentmeanings. Example:

a. What did you put in my drink, Jane?

b. What did you put in my drink. Jane?


20/24

In many languages, including English,one or more of the syllables in every

content word (i.e., every word except forfunctions words like to, the, a, of, etc.)are stressed. A stress syllable, which canbe marked by an accent () is perceived

as more prominent than unstressedsyllables in the following examples:


21/24

PERvert (noun) as in my neighbor is apervert.

perVERT(verb) as in dont pervert theidea.

REfuse (noun) as in there are many ofrefuses here

reFUSE (verb) as in I should refuse thisinvitation


22/24

In English we place primary stress on anadjective followed by a noun when thetwo words are combined in acompound noun (which may be writtenas one word, two words separated by ahyphen. Or two separate words), but weplace the stress on the noun when thewords are part of a noun phrase. Thedifferences between the following pairsare therefore predicable:


23/24

hot + dog hotdog (frankfurter)

Hot + dog hot dog (an overheateddog)

Red + coat redcoat ( a British soldier)

Red + coat red coat (a coat that isred)

White + house White House (thepresidents house)

White + house white house (a housepainted white)


24/24

Phonology is the study of the ways in which speechsounds formsystems and patterns, but phoneticsprovides the means for the description of speech

sound. In phonology, it has prosodic features. Or inAmerican linguistics, the term is used more or lesssynonymously with suprasegmentals features.classification that mentioned in A glossary of

American Linguistic usage pitch which workingabout tonal feature, quantity the representation ofduration, as the main parts of Suprasegmentals.Tonal features (including pitch and intonation).

phonology slide

Documents