Download - Phonology Slide
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
1/24
Phonology is the study of the ways inwhich speech sounds formsystems and
patterns. phonetics provides the means for the
description of speech sound.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
2/24
The term phonology, like grammar, isused in two ways: as the mental
representation of linguistic knowledge,and as the description of this knowledge.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
3/24
Phonologyrefers either to therepresentation of the sound of the sound
patterns in a speakers mental grammar,or to the study of the sound patterns in alanguage or human language ingeneral.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
4/24
The vagueness extends to the definitionof prosodic features. In American
linguistics, the term is used more or lesssynonymously with suprasegmentalsfeatures.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
5/24
In Ilse Lehiste book,her describes it byshowing the classes of Suprasegmentalswith an agreement of Eric P Hampclassification in A glossary of AmericanLinguistic usage that mentioned pitchwhich working about tonal feature,quantity the representation of duration,as the main parts of Suprasegmentals.Tonal features (including pitch andintonation).
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
6/24
As the feature of suprasegmentals,quantity is correlated to the duration ofthe utterance.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
7/24
Duration has functions as anindependent variable at word (quantity,
as the linguistic function in this level) andsentence (tempo, linguistic function ofthis level).
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
8/24
The quantity has a domain of its patternsand well known as a single segment or a
higher-level phonological unitasyllable, a disyllabic sequence or even aword.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
9/24
Example:
Tagalog : [kaibi:gan] the meaning
isTeman the longer sound aftervowel[i]; the short sound we found ingan.
[kai:bigan] the meaning is kekasih thelonger sound we found after vowel [i];the short sound we found in bigan
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
10/24
Another example from Indonesia language:
Jatuh [ja:tuh] the longer sound aftervowel [a] and the short sound we found in
or we can say [jatu:h] the longer soundafter vowel [u] and the short sound wefound in h or [ja:tu:h] the longer soundafter vowel [a] and [u] then the short soundwe found in h. Butthey have the same
meaning when we say these words, it canhappen because there is duration of thewords but there are not linguistic functionsin these words.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
11/24
Tonal features are related to thefrequency and pitch, as the feature of
the tone in speech sound.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
12/24
There is any contrastive functionbetween tone (which is well known works
in word level) and intonation (works insentence level
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
13/24
The pitch produced depends upon howfast the vocal cords vibrate; the faster
they vibrate the higher the pitch.
Theway pitch is used linguistically differs fromlanguage to language.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
14/24
Language that use pitch of individualsyllables to contras meaning are called
tone language. Languages that usepitch syntactically (works in sentencelevel) called intonation language.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
15/24
There are more than a thousand tonelanguages in Africa alone; most of the Sino-Tibetan languages, such as Chinese, Thai,
and Burmese, are tone languages. Thai is alanguage that has contrasting pitches ortones. The same string of segmentalsound represented by /naa/will mean
different things if one says the sounds with amid pitch, a high pitch, a falling pitch fromhigh to low, or a rising pitch from low tohigh.
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
16/24
Thai therefore has four linguistic tones:
naa [ ] mid tone rice paddy
nAa [ ] high tone younger maternaluncle or aunt
nAa [ ] falling tone face
nAa [ ] rising tone thick
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
17/24
lexical tone
grammatical tone
morphemic tone
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
18/24
As the feature of the tone in speechsound, there is any contrastive function
between tone (which is well known worksin word level) and intonation (works insentence level).
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
19/24
John is going with a falling pitch at theend, it is the statement; but if the pitch
rises at the end, it is interpreted as aquestion.
The intonation of the sentence can beused to distinguish between two differentmeanings. Example:
a. What did you put in my drink, Jane?
b. What did you put in my drink. Jane?
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
20/24
In many languages, including English,one or more of the syllables in every
content word (i.e., every word except forfunctions words like to, the, a, of, etc.)are stressed. A stress syllable, which canbe marked by an accent () is perceived
as more prominent than unstressedsyllables in the following examples:
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
21/24
PERvert (noun) as in my neighbor is apervert.
perVERT(verb) as in dont pervert theidea.
REfuse (noun) as in there are many ofrefuses here
reFUSE (verb) as in I should refuse thisinvitation
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
22/24
In English we place primary stress on anadjective followed by a noun when thetwo words are combined in acompound noun (which may be writtenas one word, two words separated by ahyphen. Or two separate words), but weplace the stress on the noun when thewords are part of a noun phrase. Thedifferences between the following pairsare therefore predicable:
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
23/24
hot + dog hotdog (frankfurter)
Hot + dog hot dog (an overheateddog)
Red + coat redcoat ( a British soldier)
Red + coat red coat (a coat that isred)
White + house White House (thepresidents house)
White + house white house (a housepainted white)
-
7/31/2019 Phonology Slide
24/24
Phonology is the study of the ways in which speechsounds formsystems and patterns, but phoneticsprovides the means for the description of speech
sound. In phonology, it has prosodic features. Or inAmerican linguistics, the term is used more or lesssynonymously with suprasegmentals features.classification that mentioned in A glossary of
American Linguistic usage pitch which workingabout tonal feature, quantity the representation ofduration, as the main parts of Suprasegmentals.Tonal features (including pitch and intonation).