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EVOLUTIONOFPHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT Rodolfo B. Vadenarro Jr.contents nextA premier university in CALABARZON, ofering academicprogramsandrelatedservices designedtorespondtotherequirementsofthe hilippinesandtheglo!aleconomy,particularly inAsianCountries"VISIONcontents next back$he %niversity shall primarily provide advanced education, professional, technologicalandvocationalinstructioninagriculture,&sheries,forestry, science,engineering,industrialtechnologies, teacher education,medicine, la', arts and sciences, information technologies and other related &elds" (t shallalsounderta)eresearchande*tensionservicesandprovide progressiveleadershipinitsareasofspeciali+ation" MISSIONcontents next back(npursuitofthecollegevision,missionthe College of -ducation is committed to develop the fullpotentialsoftheindividualsandequipthem 'ith)no'ledge,s)illsandattitudesin$eacher -ducationallied&eldstoefectivelyrespondto theincreasingdemands,challengesand opportunitiesofchangingtimeforglo!al competitiveness"GOALScontents next backProduce graduate who can demonstrate and ract!ce the ro"ess!ona# and eth!ca# re$u!rement "or the %ache#or o" &econdar' Educat!on such as()* To ser+e as os!t!+e and ower"u# ro#e mode#s !n ursu!t o" #earn!ng there,' ma!nta!n!ng h!gh regards to ro"ess!ona# growth*-* Focus on the s!gn!.cance o" ro+!d!ng who#esome and des!ra,#e #earn!ng en+!ronment*/* Fac!#!tate #earn!ng rocess !n d!+erse t'e o" #earners*0* Use +ar!ed #earn!ng aroaches and act!+!t!es1 !nstruct!ona# mater!a#s and #earn!ng resources*2* Use assessment data #an and re+!se teach!ng 3 #earn!ng #ans*4* 5!rect and strengthen the #!n6s ,etween schoo# and commun!t' act!+!t!es*7* 8onduct research and de+e#oment !n Teacher Educat!on and other re#ated act!+!t!es*OBJECTIVES OF BSEDcontents next backTh!s Teacher9s Modu#e ent!t#ed .-volution of hilippine /overnment0 !s art o" there$u!rements!nEducat!ona#Techno#og'-underthe re+!sedEducat!on8urr!cu#um ,ased on 8HE5 Memorandum Order :8MO;ect!+e #earn!ng where students are e?ectedtodemonstrateasoundunderstand!ngo"thenature1a#!cat!onand roduct!ono"the+ar!oust'eso"educat!ona#techno#og!es* Thestudentsarero+!dedw!thgu!danceandass!stanceo"se#ected"acu#t' mem,ers o" the 8o##ege through the se#ect!on1 roduct!on and ut!#!@at!on o" aror!ate techno#og' too#s !n de+e#o!ng techno#og'eraremar6a,#e#earn!nge?er!ence"ortheeducat!on students as "uture mentors esec!a##' !n the rearat!on and ut!#!@at!on o" !nstruct!ona# mater!a#s*The outut o" the grou9s e>ort on th!s enterr!se ma' ser+e as a contr!,ut!on to the e?!st!ng ,od' o" !nstruct!ona# mater!a#s that the !nst!tut!on ma' ut!#!@e !n order to ro+!de e>ect!+eand$ua#!t'educat!on* RODOLFO B. VALDENARRO Jr. Module Developer GLAIZA R. D CADAPAN Module DeveloperFOREWORDcontents next backTh!s Teacher9s Modu#e ent!t#ed .-volution of hilippine /overnment0 !s art o" the re$u!rements !n Educat!ona# Techno#og' - under the re+!sed Educat!on 8urr!cu#um ,ased on 8HE5 Memorandum Order :8MO;ect!+e#earn!ngwhere students are e?ected to demonstrate a sound understand!ng o" the nature1 a#!cat!on and roduct!on o" the+ar!oust'eso"educat!ona#techno#og!es* The students are ro+!ded w!th gu!dance and ass!stance o" se#ected "acu#t' mem,ers o" the 8o##ege through the se#ect!on1 roduct!on and ut!#!@at!on o" aror!ate techno#og' too#s !n de+e#o!ng techno#og'er a remar6a,#e #earn!ng e?er!ence "or the educat!on students as "uturementorsesec!a##'!ntherearat!onandut!#!@at!ono"!nstruct!ona#mater!a#s*The outut o" the grou9s e>ort on th!s enterr!se ma' ser+e as a contr!,ut!on to the e?!st!ng ,od' o" !nstruct!ona# mater!a#s that the !nst!tut!on ma' ut!#!@e !n order to ro+!de e>ect!+e and $ua#!t' educat!on* 1OR2(AN 3" 4AN5O3AL8omuter Instructor A Bd+!ser Educat!ona# Techno#og' - -stanislao A" RamosModu#e 8onsu#tantL65(A R" C7A3-Z5ean 8o##ege o" Educat!onFOREWORDcontents next backThe Buthor wou#d #!6e to e?tend her grat!tude and arec!at!on to the "o##ow!ng ersons who s!ncere#' contr!,uted the!r !deas and 6now#edge to ma6e th!s modu#e ,etter and oss!,#eC 8rs" Lydia R" Chave+1 dean o" Educat!on1 "or her suort and gu!dance that ma6es the author strong and ded!cated "or th!s modu#eC 8r" -stanislao A" Ramos, our modu#e consu#tant1 "or h!s mora# suort and !deas "or the modu#eC 8r" 1or2(an 3" 4andoval1 our modu#e ad+!ser1 who a#wa's resent and w!##!ng to he# the author e+er' t!me we need he#C 5r" Cora+on 4an Agustin1 our .rst teacher a,out how to do a modu#e1 "or her !ns!rat!on and mot!+at!on "or th!s matter and "or ,e!ng her ne?t mom !n th!s modu#eCOur "am!#'1 "or the!r nonectives; To show the art!c!at!on o" Un!ted &tates !n the Ph!#!!nesTo ana#'@e the reason o" Un!ted &tates !n !n+ad!ng the countr'To e?#a!n d!>erent #aws esta,#!shed ,' the Un!ted &tates to tra!n the F!#!!nosTo enumerate !mortant ro+!s!ons o" )J// Indeendent 8onst!tut!onTo d!scuss change under Un!ted &tatesFIRST COMMOMWEALT* IN T*E P*ILIPPINESUNIT IIcontents next backOvervie' The 8ommonwea#th era !s the )= 'ear trans!t!ona# er!od !n Ph!#!!ne h!stor' "rom )J/2 to )J02 !n rearat!on "or !ndeendence "rom the Un!ted &tates as ro+!ded "or under the Ph!#!!ne Indeendence Bct or more ou#ar#' 6nown as the T'd!ngsect!ons1 and the source o" 'our ha!ness and we##rage and a,!de ,' the dec!s!ons o" the maGor!t'*4* Lo+e and resect 'our arents* It !s 'our dut' to ser+e them grate"u##' and we##*7* Va#ue 'our honor as 'ou +a#ue 'our #!"e* Po+ert' w!th honor !s re"era,#e to wea#th w!th d!shonor*K* %e truth"u# and ,e honest !n thought and !n act!on* %e Gust and char!ta,#e1 courteous ,ut d!gn!.ed !n 'our dea#!ngs w!th 'our "e##ow men*ACTIVITY 6next back contentsJ* Lead a c#ean and "ruga# #!"e* 5o not !ndu#ge !n "r!+o#!t' or retense* %e s!m#e !n 'our dress and modest !n 'our ,eha+!or*)=* L!+e u to the no,#e trad!t!ons o" our eo#e* Venerate the memor' o" our heroes* The!r #!+es o!nt the wa' to dut' and honor*))* %e !ndustr!ous* %e not a"ra!d or ashamed to do manua# #a,or* Product!+e to!# !s conduc!+e to econom!c secur!t' and adds to the wea#th o" the nat!on*)-* Re#' on 'our own e>orts "or 'our rogress and ha!ness* %e not eas!#' d!scouraged* Perse+ere !n the ursu!t o" 'our #eg!t!mate am,!t!ons*)/* 5o 'our wor6 cheer"u##'1 thorough#'1 and we##* Ior6 ,ad#' done !s worse than wor6 undone* 5o not #ea+e "or tomorrow what 'ou can do toda'*)0* 8ontr!,ute to the we#"are o" 'our commun!t' and romote soc!a# Gust!ce* Tou do not #!+e "or 'ourse#+es and 'our "am!#!es a#one* Tou are a art o" soc!et' to wh!ch 'ou owe de.n!te resons!,!#!t!es*)2* 8u#t!+ate the ha,!t o" us!ng goods made !n the Ph!#!!nes* Patron!@e the roducts and trades o" 'our countr'men*)4* Use and de+e#o our natura# resources and conser+at!on "or oster!t'* The' are the !na#!ena,#e her!tage o" our eo#e* 5o not traFc w!th 'our c!t!@ensh!*-ncircle the topics stated !y resident Aue+on that needed to sho'n right values" -*plain each"a*Parents "* Va#ues,*Fore!gners g* Lawc*God h* E#ect!ond*La,or !* F!#me*8ommun!t' G* Natura# Resourcesnext back contents%*Ans'er the follo'ing questions" )*G!+e 'our own de.n!t!on o" Po#!t!cs*SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS-*How w!## 'ou descr!,e the o#!t!ca# s'stem !n our countr' start!ng "rom the .rst e#ect!on u to the resentUSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS/*Ihat !s meant ,' the Ph!#!!ne Pream,#eUSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSScontents next backCO88ONB-AL$7 /O3-RN8-N$O&'ec"$(e),To recall the inauguration of the Philippine -ommon!ealthTo respond to the effect of the -ommon!ealth 4overnment"anuel /+ :ue;on on his oath taking as thePresident of the #ommon'ealth go1ernmentLESSON 7"n the beautiful morning of *ovember $.# $&A.# the -ommon!ealth of the Philippines !as inaugurated amidst colorful ceremonies held on the steps of the Degislative Building in Manila) The historic event !as !itnessed by a cro!d of around A77#777 people)The invocation prayer !as read by (rchbishop 4abriel M) eyes of -ebu) (fter the prayer# 2ecretary of 0ar 4eorge F) Dern# as the personal and official representative of President oosevelt# delivered an address in !hich he extolled the progress of democracy in the Philippines) Fe !as follo!ed by 4overnor-4eneral Murphy# !ho read the proclamation of the President of the 3nited 2tates) The oath of office !as then administered to President-elect Euezon# Cice-President-elect "smena# and the Members-elect of the *ational (ssembly by -hief 5ustice amon (vancena of the Philippine 2upreme -ourt) (fter the oath-taking ceremony# 2ecretary of 0ar Dern# on behalf of the President of the 3nited 2tates# proclaimed the termination of the 4overnment under the 5ones Da! and the birth of the -ommon!ealth of the Philippines) Thereupon President Euezon delivered his inaugural address) ( long parade ended the inaugural ceremonies)contents next backAchievements of the Common'ealth Immed!ate#' uon assum!ng the res!denc' o" the Ph!#!!ne 8ommonwea#th1 Wue@on undertoo6 the tas6 o" #a'!ng the "oundat!ons o" the "uture Ph!#!!ne Reu,#!c* Bccord!ng to Pres!dent Wue@on1 EI wou#d rather ha+e a go+ernment run #!6e he## ,' F!#!!nos than a go+ernment run #!6e hea+en ,' Bmer!cans*E Bmong the ach!e+ements o" the 8ommonwea#th were as "o##ows()*Reorgan!@at!on o" the go+ernment ,' creat!ng new oFces1 !nc#ud!ng the 5eartment o" Nat!ona# 5e"ense1 the Inst!tute o" Nat!ona# Language1 and the Nat!ona# 8ounc!# o" Educat!onC the F!#!!n!@at!on o" the Gud!c!ar' "rom the &ureme 8ourt down to the mun!c!a# courtsC and the esta,#!shment o" two new courtsC name#'1 the 8ourt o" Bea#s and the 8ourt o" Industr!a# Re#at!ons*-*Grant!ng o" woman su>rage1 a"ter a sec!a# nat!ona# #e,!sc!te !n wh!ch 00717-2 women +oted !n "a+or o" woman su>rage and 001/J7 aga!nst*/*8reat!on o" new chartered c!t!es 3 8e,u1 I#o!#o1 %aco#od1 5a+ao1 Yam,oanga1 &anPa,#o1 Wue@on 8!t'1 8a+!te1 and Taga'ta'*0*The adot!on o" the Nat!ona# Language1 ,ased on Taga#og*2*Promot!on o" soc!a# Gust!ce1 as shown ,' the E!ght Hour La,or Bct enacted ,' the Nat!ona# Bssem,#' and the ao!ntment o" the u,#!c de"enders : go+ernment #aw'ers ; to de"end the r!ghts o" oor #a,orers !n the courts*4*8omu#sor' m!#!tar' tra!n!ng o" a,#ea!rs ; wh!ch recommended :); the grant!ng o" Ph!#!!ne !ndeendence on Du#' 01 )J041 as ro+!ded ,' the T'd!ngsast; to 32+P:3nited2tates,orcesinthePhilippines;)FeoccupiedMc(rthurGshead?uartersin -orregidor#andfromhedirectedthegallantdefenseofBataan)TheBrave,ilipinosand (mericandefendersreeledbeforethesmashingonslaughtoftheinvaders#buttheyheld their ground and fought on !ith tenacious courage) ) contents next back5es!te the terr!,#e odds and the seduct!+e roaganda o" To6'o Rose a,out Bmer!ca9s !ne+!ta,#e de"eat1 the hungr'1 t!red and s!c6 F!#er!ng o" r!soners1 so#d!ers who d!ed !n s!c6ness and d!stressC ,ut I remem,er an o#d woman star!ng and ra!s!ng her hands to the #!ne o" d!rt'1 t!red and hungr' men wh!#e tortur!ng and o,#!g!ng to wa#6 !n the m!dst o" hot sun#!ght* &he !s #oo6!ng on e+er' "aces o" the man who asses !n her house* I saw tears "a##!ng !n her e'es wh!#e sa'!ng QLung aanong ang mga ama n!n'ong nauna sa !n'o a' ga'und!n 6a'ong mga ana6 na nagmamartsa sa ag6ata#o*RIt was a co!nc!denceC I was !n "ront o" her house when the Daanese so#d!er temorar!#' stos the march1 sudden#' the o#d woman throw a ac6 o" "oods on us* The !mage o" sorrow !s shown to her "ace utter!ng a $ueer word QLun!n n!n'o !to1 mga ana61 6un!n n!n'ong #ahat at mag!ng ma#a6as u#! 6a'o*R Ma',e she reared those "oods "or her #ost grandson wh!ch !s w!th us*Ie a## 6now what !s go!ng to haened ne?t1 the same th!ng as what haen one t!me when the Daanese so#d!ers hurt and 6!## the c!+!#!an who !s tr'!ng to he# us that9s wh' we shouted and ordered her to run ,ecause the 'e##ow de+!# !s go!ng to her house* QTa6,o Lo#aR as we shouted !n Taga#og* QTa6,o na at !#!gtas n!n'o ang ,uha' n'o* Paata'!n na 6a'o ng da'o*R%ut she cont!nues to throw "oods* QLun!n n'ong #ahat* %ata 6a'o* a6o9' !sa nang matandang ,a,ae*R The demon go to her house1 as we saw her !n s!de +!ew she9s ,een ruth#ess#' sta,,ed ,' a shar 6n!"e d!rect#' struc6ed on her ,od'1 contrast!ng the co#d !ntrus!ons and wedge* Unt!# she9s .na##' #a' down on the Hoor* The demon succeeded and #e"t* Ie rom!se to ourse#+es that the ca!tu#at!on o" our weaon !s the same as surrender!ng our manhood* The others want to 6!## the Daanese so#d!er ,ut some o#d man contro##ed them* QIe must a## remem,er1 remem,er th!s1 the t!me o" re+enge soon w!## come*RACTIVITY 9A Scene $n De%"1 M%rc1L". Ferd$n%d E. M%rco)contents next backAuestions;)*Ihere !t was haenUSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS-*Ihat are the character!st!c o" the o#d womanUSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS/*How w!## 'ou descr!,e the "ee#!ng o" those eo#e who w!tnessed the !nc!denceUSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS0*Iho !s sea6!ng !n the statementUSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSScontents next backName( SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5ate( SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSTear and &ect!on( SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSTeacher( SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSB* (dentify the missing 'ords, phrases to complete the statement !y choosing the ans'er on given !o*")*SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS !s the 8ommander o" Un!ted &tates Brmed Forces !n the Far East :U&BFFE;*-*QB date wh!ch w!## #!+e !n !n"antr'R SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSsa!d*/*SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS ,ecame the arena o" the g#o,a# war*0*The Daanese !n+as!on ,eg!ns under the command o" SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS*2*8ata!n Desus V!##amor was awarded the SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS ,' Gen* McBrthur*4* Lt* Gen* Donathan Ia!nwr!ght succeeded McBrthur as 8ommander and changed U&BFFE "rom SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS*7*The 5eath March started !n Mar!+e#es1 %ataan to SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS*K*SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS !s "amous to h!s #!ne QI sha## returnR*J*More than SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS F!#!!no and Bmer!can sur+!+ed on the ,att#e o" %ataan*)=*SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS cons!der as the m!ght!est U& Na+a# %ase !n Hawa!!* UNIT TEST-ivilian >mergency (dministration :->(;Pearl FarborDt) Masaharu Fomma B7773nited 2tates ,orces in the Philippines :32+P; Pacific "ceanDt) 4en) Douglas Mc(rthur -apas# Tarlac2ulu 2ea Distinguished 2ervice -ross'777President ooseveltcontents next backB"Ans'er the follo'ing questions" )*Ihat does the dec#!n!ng o" Bmer!can troos ro+e to the F!#!!nosU-*Is !t a#r!ght as a Pres!dent to #ea+e h!s countr' !n t!mes o" cr!s!sU/*8an we cons!der Pres!dent Laure#9s coord!nat!on to the Daanese as a s!gn o" ,etra'a# to our countr'U Ih'U0*In what wa' the "a## o" %ataan and 8orreg!dor a>ects the ersona#!t' o" the F!#!!nosU2*G!+e the e>ects o" Ior#d Iar II to the econom' and to the h's!ca# cond!t!on o" the Ph!#!!nes*8*5o the tas) given"C"C Conduct an intervie' to the 3eterans of Borld Bar ((, As) the follo'ing questions;)*Ih' the Daanese d!d not ac$u!re the suort o" the F!#!!nosU-*Ihat are 'our e?er!ences dur!ng the warU/*How does the F!#!!no str!+e !n susta!n!ng the!r needs !n the m!dst o" tr!,u#at!onU0*In Ihat wa' !t changed 'our #!"eUC"G Collect pictures, anecdotes and story of the 3eterans of Borld Bar (("contents next back5" (f ever you are in the Borld Bar (( and you need to leave your home" Bhat are those things that you 'ill secureL List do'n &ve and ans'er 'hy did you choose itL 3.:.7.;.8.3.:.7.;.8.E.G$(e %" le%)" ect!+e "or two reasons( .rst1 Pres!dent Laure# d!d not su,m!t the war dec#arat!on to the Nat!ona# Bssem,#' "or aro+a#1 as re$u!red ,' the )J0/ 8onst!tut!on1 hence1 !t was !##ega#1 and1 second1 he made !t c#ear !n the roc#amat!on that there wou#d ,e no conscr!t!on o" F!#!!nos "or war ser+!ceC hence1 the war dec#arat!on was +a#ue#ess* Bn'how1 w!th or w!thout the dec#arat!on o" war1 Laure#1 who was a sagac!ous statesman and +a#!ant atr!ot1 6new that h!s eo#e wou#d ne+er .ght "or Daan aga!nst the Un!ted &tates* He !ssued the seem!ng#' "orm!da,#e war dec#arat!on to ac!"' the ruth#ess Daanese m!#!tar' author!t!es and thus sa+e h!s he##ess eo#e "rom mass massacre ,' the ,ruta# enem' "orces*The #and!ng o" Genera# MacBrthur and h! #!,erat!on "orces !n Le'te on Octo,er -=1 )J00 resaged the !ne+!ta,#e down"a## o" the Daaneseorts to atta!n #and re"orm and ga!n o#!t!ca# ower* The' were .na##' ,rought under contro# :)J20; a"ter a d'nam!c attac6 !ntroduced ,' the m!n!ster o" nat!ona# de"ense1 RamMn Magsa'sa'* %' that t!me Magsa'sa' was res!dent o" the countr'1 ha+!ng de"eated Wu!r!no !n No+*1 )J2/* H!s cama!gn was mass!+e#' suorted ,' the 8IB1 ,oth .nanc!a##' and through ract!ca# he# !n d!scred!t!ng h!s o#!t!ca# enem!es* He had rom!sed swee!ng econom!c changes1 and he d!d ma6e rogress !n #and re"orm1 oen!ng new sett#ements outs!de crowded Lu@on Is#and* H!s death !n an a!r#ane crash !n Mar*1 )J271 was a ser!ous ,#ow to nat!ona# mora#e* V!ce Pres!dent 8ar#os P* GarcNa succeeded h!m and won a "u## term as res!dent !n the e#ect!ons o" No+*1 )J27*Ph!#!!ne oos!t!on to GarcNa on !ssues o" go+ernment corrut!on and ant!#$r$no "n the night of (pril $B# $&@%# President oxas died of heart attack at -lark ,ield# Pampanga) +n the morning of his fateful date# she delivered a stirring speech before the 3)2) $Ath (ir ,orce# in !hich he said/ 8+f !ar should come# + am certain of one thing- probably the only thing of !hich + can be certain- and it is this/ That (merica and the Philippines !ill be found on the same side# and (merican and ,ilipino soldiers !ill again fight side by side inthe same trenches or in the air or at sea in defense of =ustice# of freedom# and other principles !hich !e both love and cherish)9 (fter the speech# he felt dizzy and !as brought to the residence of Ma=) 4en) e) D) >ubank# !here he passed a!ay that night) "n (pril $'# $&@%# Cice President Euirino took his oath of office as second President of mourning thoughtful the land for his predecessor)President El#idio ,uirinocontents next backRamon 8agsaysayIn the res!dent!a# e#ect!on o" No+em,er )=1 )J2/1 the Nac!ona#!sta Part' chose Magsa'sa' as the oFc!a# NP cand!date "or the res!denc'*5ur!ng h!s ,r!e" term as secretar' o" Nat!ona# 5e"ense1 he had ,ecome ou#ar among masses ,ecause o" h!s success !n the cama!gn aga!nst the Hu6s* B"ter res!gn!ng h!s oFce1 he Go!ned the Nac!ona#!sta Part'*%' an o+erwhe#m!ng maGor!t' +ote1 Magsa'sa' de"eated h!s "ormer ,oss Pres!dent Wu!r!no1 at the o##s* H!s team mate1 &enator 8ar#os P* Garc!a1 NP V!ce