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PHASE PHASE EQUILIBRIUMEQUILIBRIUM

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Md. Kamruzzaman Siam

EquilibriumEquilibriumEquil ibriumEquil ibrium is a state in which there are no is a state in which there are no observable changes as time goes by.observable changes as time goes by.

Chemical equil ibriumChemical equil ibrium is achieved when: is achieved when:1.) the rates of the forward and reverse 1.) the rates of the forward and reverse

reactions are equal and reactions are equal and 2.) the concentrations of the reactants 2.) the concentrations of the reactants

and products remain constantand products remain constant

EquilibriumEquilibrium There are two types of equilibrium: There are two types of equilibrium:

Physical and Chemical.Physical and Chemical.

Physical Equilibrium: Physical Equilibrium: Equilibrium between two Equilibrium between two phases of the same substance. Changes that occur are phases of the same substance. Changes that occur are physical.physical.

Chemical Equilibrium: Chemical Equilibrium: Chemical equilibrium is Chemical equilibrium is the point at which the rate of the forward reaction is the point at which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

Physical EquilibriumPhysical Equilibrium

Chemical EquilibriumChemical Equilibrium

Definit ion of phase:

Any part of a system which is physically separated Any part of a system which is physically separated from other parts of the system by a from other parts of the system by a distinctdistinct boundaryboundary..

A phase can be a solid, liquid, vapour (gas) or aqueous A phase can be a solid, liquid, vapour (gas) or aqueous solution which is solution which is uniform in bothuniform in both chemical constitution chemical constitution and physical stateand physical state..

Phase Equilibrium:Phase Equilibrium:

A phase equilibrium is a balance between phases, that is the coexistence of two or more phases in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

Heterogeneous system ---- system with more than one phaseHeterogeneous system ---- system with more than one phase

Homogeneous system ---- system consists of one phase onlyHomogeneous system ---- system consists of one phase only

Example of Phase Equilibrium:

Homogeneous:Homogeneous:

The prefix “homo” – indicate sameness

Homogeneous – A homogeneous mixture has the same uniform appearance throughout

HeterogeneousHeterogeneous ::

The prefix “hetero” – indicate difference

Heterogeneous - A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases.

PHASEsystem

1) The mixture of ice and water = have two phase which is solid and liquid

2) The mixture of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas = have one phase which is gas

phase (the system is homogen)

3) The mixture of oil and water = have 2 same phase(liquid). Oil and water are not

homogen and have the boundaries to separate both phase

4) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) = 3 phase (2 solid,1 gas)

Heterogeneous system

Heterogeneous system

Heterogeneous system

Homogeneous system

EXAMPLES of