Perry I. Houser1, Deana D. Pennington1, Natalia Villanueva-Rosales2

pihouser@miners.utep.edu ddpennington@utep.edu nvillanuevarosales@utep.edu

Department of Geological Sciences1, Department of Computer Science2

University of Texas at El Paso

www.pihouser.com

Digital Aids For Field Mapping

Figure 1: Steps of visualization of geologic map data, and the proposed Augmented Reality environment using semantic driven field data.

Assisted Digital Information• Data integration:

• diversity of data sources • Computer Cognition:

• semantics and reasoning • Data visualization:

• geo-specific to you• Cognitive Learning & Behavior:

• Sharing and Collaboration

Semantic Data & Ontologies

Semantic data is giving extra information & relationships, which is already inferred by people, so that this inferred information becomes meaningful to computers for them to be able to make the inferences explicit. (Berners-Lee, et. al 2001)

An ontology can relate a diversity of information from specific disciplines and return queries from both the explicit and implicit data for researchers to better understand and share information, including “machine-interpretable definitions of basic concepts… and relations among them.” (Nov, N., et. al, 2001)

Applied to GeologySearch Online Datasets for information about the Location

Figure 2: Semantic Web Layers (W3C, 2016).

Figure 3: Current mapping techniques concept map

Figure 4: Proposed mapping techniques concept map

Figure 5. Geologic map exercise of Cristo Rey, NM, by Perry Houser.In-lay image: Geologic map and stratigraphy, Cristo Rey, NM. (Lucas, 2010).

Figure 6: Concept map and database schema for geologic time scale and stratigraphic integration, including data from USGS and NOAA. Dashed lines indicate information inferred by the reasoner and ontology.

Figure 7: Ontology Query and Inferences. (Houser, 2016)

SELECTED REFERENECES

Asai, K. (2010). Visualization Based on Geographic Information in Augmented Reality. (S. Maad, Ed.). InTech. Retrieved from http://www.intechopen.com/books/augmented-reality/visualization-based-on-geographic-information-in- augmented-reality

Babaie, H. (2006). Designing a modular architecture for the structural geology ontology, 269 – 282.

Berners-lee, T. I. M., Hendler, J., & Lassila, O. R. A. (2001). The Semantic Web, (May), 1–4.

Lucas, S. G., Krainer, K., & Spielmann, J. A. (2010). Cretaceous stratigraphy, paleontology, petrography, depositional environments, and cycle stratigraphy at Cerro de Cristo Rey, Dona Ana County, New Mexico. New Mexico Geology, 32(4), 103–130.

Movva, S., Ramachandran, R., Li, X., Khaire, S., Keiser, K., Conover, H., & Graves, S. (2005). Syntactic and semantic metadata integration for science data use. Computers and Geosciences, 31(9), 1126–1134. doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2004.12.011

Noy, N., & McGuinness, D. (2001). Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. Development, 32, 1–25. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2004.01.014

Roberts, G. W., Evans, A., Dodson, P. A. H., Bryan, P., Cooper, S., Hollands, R., & Kingdom, U. (2002). The Use of Augmented Reality , GPS and INS for Subsurface Data Visualisation, 1–12.

Rushing, J., & Conover, H. (2006). Bird ’ s-eye view of data mining in geosciences. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 397, 235–247. doi:10.1130/2006.2397

Sinha, a. K., Malik, Z., Rezgui, A., Barnes, C. G., Lin, K., Heiken, G., … Zimmerman, H. (2010). Geoinformatics: Transforming data to knowledge for geosciences. GSA Today, 20(12), 4–10. doi:10.1130/GSATG85A.1

Tomai, E., & Spanaki, M. (2004). From ontology design to ontology implementation : A web tool for building geographic ontologies. Language.

Wiegand, N., & García, C. (2007). A task-based ontology approach to automate geospatial data retrieval. Transactions in GIS, 11(3), 355–376. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9671.2007.01050.

Thank You

Special thanks to:Dr. Natalia VillanuevaUniversity of Texas at El PasoDepartment of Computer Science

Funding:UTEP Graduate School

UTEP College of ScienceDr. Deana D. Pennington:

Perry I. Houser1, Deana D. Pennington1, Natalia Villanueva-Rosales2

pihouser@miners.utep.edu ddpennington@utep.edu nvillanuevarosales@utep.edu

Department of Geological Sciences1, Department of Computer Science2

University of Texas at El Paso

Georgia Almodovar Erick EstradaErick GarciaRobert MuñozRichard Samples Smriti R. TamrakarMiguel Royo-Leon