periodic table of elements. you need: colored pencils –brown, blue, red, green, purple, pink,...
TRANSCRIPT
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
You need:
• Colored pencils– Brown, blue, red, green, purple,
pink, yellow, tan, orange• Mechanical pencil• Eraser• Ruler
(Front; Top-Center) Title:
• Periodic Table of Elements
• “Frame” hydrogen• (Maybe done on your table.) Use a ruler to add
squares for elements # 110 – 118
• Add brackets & lines connecting Ba to La; Ra to Ac
H
Add brackets & lines connecting Ba to La; Ra to Ac - Do not add color.
Front (Periods)• Number rows 1 through 7• Title “PERIODS” – on the left side
Front (Groups/Families)
Number columns 1 through 18– Left to right H to He
Label Roman numerals 1 – IA 7 – VIIB 15 – VA2 – IIA 8,9,10 – VIIIB 16 VIA3 – IIIB 11 – IB 17 VIIA4 - IVB 12 – IIB 18 - VIIIA5 – VB 13 – IIIA6 – VIB 14 – IVA
Back – divide page; draw lines in with a ruler.
Back – Notes - Upper left cornerDo not write in large letters or you won’t have enough space.
• Columns –
–Elements have similar but not identical properties.• Elements in a family have the same number of
valence e-
# 1 – 18 (Groups or Families)
Back – Notes - Upper left corner
• Rows – –Elements in a period are not alike in
properties.– The period reflects how many energy
levels are present for that row of elements. (Period 1 = 1 energy level)
–Pattern – (left to right)• 1st column (left) very reactive elements• Last column (right) always an unreactive
gas• Going left to right – elements become less
metallic.
# 1 – 7 (Periods)
Back – Notes - Upper left corner
• Valence pattern – 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
–Valence number – the number of electrons available for bonding in the valence level.
Back – Notes - Upper left corner
• Family 1 has 1 valence electron (s)
2 – 12 1 – 2 valence e- s
13 3
14 4
15 5
16 6
17 7
18 8
Front - Metals/Nonmetals
• Box in the Nonmetals• Use a ruler to draw a line to
delineate the metals. If the line is present, write in the title – Metals.
• Title both the Metals & Nonmetals
• Title the
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS at the bottom of the table.
Back – (lower left box for notes)
• Metals – (95 of the 118 elements) left side
of the table– Properties: luster, ductility, malleability, good
conductors of heat & electricity; corrode – react chemically• Valence of 1, 2, 3, 4 e- – tend to lose
electrons
(Notes – under “Metals”)
• Nonmetals – (right side of the table)–Properties: no luster – dull, do not
conduct heat or electricity, brittle – break easily, not ductile or malleable.• Valence # of 5, 6, 7, or 8 - will
gain 3, 2, or 1 e-
Front - • Filling in the atomic squares:• The following slide shows where you
will be placing the information contained in the squares.
• We will be adding one component of the table at a time. Ex. All the atomic #’s.
• Please note the precautions before beginning.
Precautions: Consider everything that will be put into the square. Don’t write too large.
Element Name
Element Symbol
At. #
Atomic Mass
Remember:You will be putting color on the edge of the squares too. The star will only be put into squares when the element is radioactive.
Front - #104 - 118
• Add names of elements 104 – 118 to the squares. (On the next slide.)
• Write neatly & small.
• Do not cross out the name that is there (Messy!) – just write the new name under the old name.
Front - #104 – 118 Do not write in the symbols (green) yet. The symbols are included here as a reference. They will be added later.
• Unnilquadium = Rutherfordium Rf• Unnilpentium = Dubnium Db• Unnilhexium = Seaborgium Sg• Unnilseptium = Bohrium Bh• Unniloctium = Hassium Hs• Unnilennium = Meitnerium Mt
Front - Atomic Sq’s # 110 - 116
• Carefully add the names (shown on the next slide) to the empty squares.
Front - #104 - 118
• Darmstadtium Ds (Unuunilium) • Under – Platinum
• Roentgenium Rg (Unununium) • (Under – Gold)
• Copernicium Cn (Ununbium)• (Under – Mercury)
Front - #104 – 118 (Continued)
• Ununtrium Uut (Under – Thallium)
• Ununquadium Uuq (Under – Lead)
• Ununpentium Uup (Under – Bismuth)
• Ununhexium Uuh (Under – Polonium)
• Ununseptium Uus Uus (Under – Astatine)
• Ununoctium Uuo (Under – Radon)
Front – Atomic Numbers
• In the upper right hand corner of each atomic square, write in the
ATOMIC NUMBER of each element.
• H – 1• He – 2 …• Make sure you have considered the
Rare Earth elements.
This is where to place your At. #’s.Remember to save space for coloring the edges of the square.
Element Name
Element Symbol
At. #
Atomic Mass
Atomic #’s
• Period 1 – At. # 1 & 2• Period 2 – At. #’s 3 – 10• Period 3 – At. # ’s 11 – 18• Period 4 – At. # ’s 19 – 36• Period 5 – At. # ’s 37 – 54• Period 6 – At. # ’s 55 – 86• Period 7 – At. # ’s 87 - 118
Front – Chemical Symbol Key
• In the lower left hand corner make a key for the chemical symbols.
•CHEMICAL SYMBOLSRED = Gases
BLUE = LiquidsBLACK = Solids
GREEN = Manmade (Synthetic)
Front
• As the teacher says the element, then its symbol, write in the symbols for each element into its appropriate square. Use the appropriate color for the state of the element at “normal” earth temperatures.
– Don’t make your symbols too big.
–Remember: First letter is always a capital. Other letters – lower case.
This is where to place your Atomic Symbols.
Element Name
Element Symbol
At. #
Atomic Mass
Examples:
CuUuoNHg
Back - Notes
• On the lower left hand side – write in the notes for Metalloids & Rare Earth Elements.
Metalloids: (both sides of the zigzag line on the table)
• Properties: metalloids have the prop’s of both metals & nonmetals.– Solids can be dull or shiny (luster).– Will conduct heat or electricity but not as
well as metals.
Transition Metals & Rare Earth Elements:
• Families 3 – 12– Form alloys easily
• Lanthanide Series – (Period 6)– Soft, high luster & conductivity– Used in industry for high quality glass
& alloys
(Rare Earth Elements: Transition Metals)
• Actinide Series – (Period 7)– All are radioactive– All (except for the 1st four) are man
made in laboratories.– The best known is Uranium – used for
fuel in nuclear reactors.
Front – Atomic Masses
• Write in the atomic masses of each element – in the center bottom of the square, under the chemical symbol.)– Be careful- some of the numbers are
long. They need to fit into to the squares.
– Remember to write above the lines. You will need to add color to the squares.
Element Name
Element Symbol
At. #
Atomic Mass
Some masses are 8 digits long. (F)Listen carefully & record the data as the masses are read to you.
Front - Radioactivity
• Add a symbol/key for radioactivity at the bottom of the table. (Under # 114)
- Radioactive
• An orange star or dot is good. • Place a star in each element’s square that
is radioactive. (Upper left hand corner of the square.)
• There are 36 elements that are radioactive (117 & 118 probably will be).
Element Name
Element Symbol
At. #
Atomic Mass
Put a star into the following squares. These elements are radioactive.
• #’s 43, 61, • 84 to 118
• (All of Period 7)
Color coding the Families of the Periodic Table
• We will make a key for the color coding of the table.
• Color each family on the front.– Color the inside edges of each box the
appropriate color.– Be careful NOT to color over any of the data
for the square.• Take notes about the family on the back
right side.• We will do one family at a time.
Front – Add the Families Key under the title – P. T. of E’s; center-left, above the metals line.
Families:
Alkali Metals Metalloids Alkaline Earth Metals Nonmetals Transition Metals Halogens Other Metals Noble Gases
Notes (back, right side.)
Title: FAMILIES/GROUPS
• Precautions:– You will need to be careful not to write too
large. You will be using most of this space. – Write the names of the families in regular
pencil. Underline in the family’s color to code.
– Use your ruler to add the color to the inside edges of the atomic squares – neater & faster.
Front - Add brown to the inside edges of the Alkali Metal family
• Alkali Metals
–Family # 1 – all except Hydrogen• 6 squares – Lithium down to
Francium
Notes (back, right side.) Write the names of the families in regular pencil. Underline in the family’s color to code.
Title: FAMILIES/GROUPS
• Alkali Metals – (family # 1)– Valence # of 1; very reactive especially
with water; never found uncombined in nature.
– Soft, silver white; good conductors, lose electrons
Front - Add orange to the inside edges of the Alkaline Earth Metal family
Alkaline Earth Metals – all of family # 2- Beryllium down to Radium
- 6 squares
Notes (back, right side – under Alkali Metals)
• Alkaline Earth Metals – (family # 2)– Valence # of 2; very reactive but not as
reactive as family 1. (Lose electrons)– never found uncombined in nature - exist
in bonded compounds.
Front - Add pink to the inside edges of the Transition Metals family
Transition Metals– all of families # 3 - 12
- All of the Rare Earth elements
- 68 squares
Notes - (back, right side – under Alkaline Earth Metals)
• Transition Metals – (families # 3 - 12)– Valence # of 1 or 2; valence electrons can be
lost or shared.– Properties similar to metals yet different;
“unpredictable”, good conductors.
Front - Add purple to the inside edges of the Other Metals family
• Other Metals – • 12 Elements (EVERY THING but Ge
and Sb)• Al, Ga, In, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, Sn, Uut,
Uuq, Uup, Uuh
Notes - (back, right side – under Alkaline Earth Metals)
• Other Metals – (See notes to the left - Metals)
Front - Add blue to the inside edges of the Metalloids family
• Metalloids - found on both sided of the zigzag line.
• # 5 Boron - B• # 14 Silicon - Si• # 32 Germanium – Ge• # 33 Arsenic – As• # 51 Antimony – Sb• # 52 Tellurium – Te
Notes
• Boron – (Family 13) valence of 3 e-
(Boron is a metalloid but the other elements
in this family are “other” metals.– Aluminum – most abundant metal; 3rd
most abundant element in Earth’s crust
Front - Add green to the inside edges of the Nonmetals family
• 6 elements
• # 6 Carbon• # 7 Nitrogen• # 8 Oxygen• # 15 Phosphorus• # 16 Sulfur• # 34 Selenium
Notes (back) – Carbon is a nonmetal but the other elements in this family are metalloids or other metals.
• Carbon – (Family 14) 4 valence e-– Carbon is the basis for life; makes carbon
compounds like sugars & starches.– Silicon – (a metalloid) second most
abundant element in Earth’s crust.• Used for glass, cement, electronics
Notes (back) – Another family with a mixture of types.
• Nitrogen – (Family 15) 5 valence e- – tend to share e-– N = 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere– Used for fertilizers, explosives, medicines,
dyes
(Notes - back)
• Oxygen – (Family 16) 6 valence e-– Most e- are shared– Most abundant element in Earth’s crust– 2nd most abundant element in the
atmosphere– Combines with almost every other element.– O3 = ozone; Earth’s protective layer of the
atmosphere
• Front - Add gold or dark yellow to the inside edges of the Halogen family.
• 6 elements (Family # 17)• Fluorine down to Iodine
– # 9 Fluorine– # 17 Chlorine– # 35 Bromine– # 53 Iodine– # 85 Astatine - At– # 117 Ununseptium
Notes – (Back)
• Halogens (Family 17) 7 valence e-– Most reactive nonmetals (need only to gain 1
e-)– Never found “free” – unbonded in nature– React with Family 1 readily. (React with metals
of family 1 to form salts. Ex. NaCl – sodium chloride or NaF – sodium fluoride)
Front - Add yellow to the inside edges of the Noble Gas family.
• 6 elements – Family 18– Helium down to Radon– # 2– # 10– # 18– # 36– # 54– # 86– #118
Notes – (Back)
• Noble Gases – (Family 18) 8 valence e-– Unreactive; do not readily form compounds
because their valence levels are full.– All found in small amounts in Earth’s
atmosphere.
Finishing the Periodic Table
• Make sure all of the information in the squares is accurate & legible.
• You will be graded on neatness (legibility) & completeness on both sides.