pathum report (2)
TRANSCRIPT
i
Preface
This report is based on my industrial training in Jetwing Hotel Lighthouse Galle during the
period from 04th of January 2016 to 24th of March 2016. The first chapter of the report
contains an introduction to training organization. The history of the Hotel, organizational
structure of Jetwing Hotel Lighthouse Galle, vision and mission, usefulness to our society
and the strengths and weaknesses of the Hotel are mentioned there.
My technical training experiences are described in the second chapter. I have mentioned the
theories and practical things I learnt during the period of twelve weeks. My attempt was to
combine the theories we learnt with the practical experiences we had during our training.
In the third chapter I have mentioned the management experiences I gained. There were lot
of important things to be extracted from hotel regarding management. I have mentioned
good management practices that are used by Jetwing Hotel Lighthouse Galle.
In the fourth chapter I have summarized my training experiences, I have mentioned the issues
we had and I have mentioned my suggestions to improve training session. I have concluded
my report with a description about the importance of this training and how it would be
beneficial for my future.
Maitipe P.C
EG/2012/1992
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,
University of Ruhuna.
ii
Acknowledgement
I got the opportunity to get training experience through the industrial training programme
conducted by the university. It was a great pleasure for me since I had the chance to use my
theoretical knowledge that I have obtained from the university, in to practice. I worked as a
trainee at Jetwing Hotel Lighthouse Galle and that helped me a lot to develop my practical
knowledge in mechanical field.
I would like to express my special appreciation a thanks to Engineering Education Centre of
University of Ruhuna and NAITA for allowing and directing for the training.
I would like to express deepest appreciation to Dr. Sumith Baduge who was former head of
the Mechanical and Manufacturing department.
I would especially like to thank Mr. Sunil samarakon who welcomed us to Jetwing Hotel
LightHouse Galle and directed us to different sections by giving relevant training sessions.
A special thanks to all the staff members of Jetwing Hotel LightHouse Galle headquarter,
Engineering Department, HR Department, IT Department, Account Department, Front
Department, Kitchen Department, House Keeping Department, F&B Department. I would
like to thank engineer and assistant engineer of Jetwing Hotel Lighthouse Galle for sharing
their knowledge and helping us to improve our talents.
A special thanks to my family and my friends who helped me a lot to make my training
period a success.
Maitipe P.C
EG/2012/1992
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,
University of Ruhuna.
iii
Contents CHAPTER 1 .....................................................................................................................................1
1 Introduction to Jetwing Hotels ....................................................................................................1
1.1 History of Jetwing hotel ........................................................................................................1
1.2 Vision ...................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Mission ................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Organizational structure .......................................................................................................2
1.5 Head Quarters ......................................................................................................................3
1.6 Regional Sector ....................................................................................................................4
1.7 Strengths ..............................................................................................................................4
1.7.1 Reputation.....................................................................................................................4
1.7.2 Facilities of Jetwing LightHouse Galle .............................................................................5
1.7.3 Responsibility towards Society .......................................................................................6
1.7.4 International Relationships ............................................................................................6
1.8 Awards .................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................... 11
2 TRAINNING EXPERIENCE – TECHNICAL....................................................................................... 11
2.1 Introduction to Jetwing Hotel Premises .............................................................................. 11
2.2 All Departments in the Hotel .............................................................................................. 11
2.2.1 Engineering Department .............................................................................................. 11
2.3 Introduction of industrial Boilers ........................................................................................ 12
2.3.1 Fire Tube Boiler ........................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Water Tube Boiler ....................................................................................................... 12
2.3.3 Biomass-Fired Boiler .................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Heat and Energy Losses in a Boiler ...................................................................................... 13
2.5 Increase Energy Efficiency .................................................................................................. 13
2.6 Boilers in Jetwing LightHouse Hotel .................................................................................... 14
2.6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 14
2.6.2 Biomass-Fired Boiler in Jetwing LightHouse Hotel ........................................................ 14
2.7.1 Vapor Compression Refrigerators ................................................................................ 17
2.7.2 Main Part of Chiller ...................................................................................................... 18
2.7.3 Operation of Vapour Compression Refrigerators ......................................................... 19
2.7.4 Air Handling Unit (AHU) ............................................................................................... 21
2.7.5 Fan Coil Units (FCU) ..................................................................................................... 23
2.7.6 Split and Window type air condition units .................................................................... 25
2.7.7 Cool room and Freezer ................................................................................................ 26
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2.7.8 Cooling Towers ............................................................................................................ 27
2.8 Sewerage Treatment Plant Details ...................................................................................... 29
2.8.1 Primary treatment ....................................................................................................... 30
2.8.2 Secondary Treatment .................................................................................................. 30
2.8.4 For the proper operation of sewerage treatment plant ................................................ 32
2.9 Calarifier ............................................................................................................................ 33
2.10 Pressure Vessel ................................................................................................................ 33
2.11 Fire detection and protection system ............................................................................... 35
2.11.1 Fire ............................................................................................................................ 35
2.11.2 Fire classification ....................................................................................................... 35
2.11.3 Fire detection system ................................................................................................ 35
2.11.4 Fire Protection System ............................................................................................... 37
2.111.5 Action Need to Be Taken in a Fire ............................................................................ 40
2.12 Consumption of Electricity in the Hotel............................................................................. 42
CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................... 44
3 TRAINNING EXPERIENCES – MANAGEMENT .............................................................................. 44
3.1 Management Structure of Jetwing LightHouse Hotel Galle ................................................. 44
3.2 Safety and Security ............................................................................................................. 45
3.3 5S System ........................................................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................................... 48
4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 48
4.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 48
4.2 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 49
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 50
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Figure 1.1: Organizational Structure of Jetwing LightHouse ...........................................................3
Figure 1.2: Structure of Regional Sector .........................................................................................4
Figure 1.3: Noticed for 2015 World Luxury Hotel Award............................................................. 10
Figure 2.1: Biomass-fired boiler in Jetwing LightHouse Hotel ...................................................... 14
Figure 2.2: Gauge Glass ............................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.3: Wire Brushes ............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 2.4 : Vapor Compression Refrigerator (chiller) .................................................................. 18
Figure 2.5: Refrigeration Cycle .................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2.6: Air Handling Unit ...................................................................................................... 21
Figure 2.7: Internal Process of an AHU ........................................................................................ 22
Figure 2.8: Fan Coil Unit ............................................................................................................ 23
Figure 2.9: Split type air condition ............................................................................................... 25
Figure 2.10: Part of Cool room and Freezer .................................................................................. 26
Figure 2.11: Cooling Tower ......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 2.12: Sewerage treatment plant in Jetwing hotel ................................................................ 29
Figure 2.13: Calarifier .................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 2.14: Pressure Vessels ....................................................................................................... 34
Figure 2.15: Conventional system ................................................................................................ 36
Figure 2.16 : Types of Extinguishers ............................................................................................ 39
Figure 3.1: preventive maintenance list for Era beach ................................................................... 46
Figure 3.2: Fire assembly point of LightHouse hotel .................................................................... 47
vi
1
CHAPTER 1
1 Introduction to Jetwing Hotels
1.1 History of Jetwing hotel
Both at home and around the world today, Jetwing is one of the leading names in the tourism
sector in Sri Lanka. Resorts of untold beauty and experiences that one treasures for life have
become their Marque and they are indeed proud of the achievements they gathered and the
loyalty and the love they have earned from their happy clientele across the globe.
The year 1971 marks the initiative taken by an individual who took a bold step,
taking great risk to venture into an unknown territory of business; not only to him, but to the
whole country. he would not have through, the company he pioneered then, would grow into
a leading brand of hospitality and tourism, not only in sri Lankan, but respected
internationally.
He is a pioneer not only to his own company but to the tourism industry of the
country as well. The visionary is Herbert cooray and the brand he created was Jetwing. His
initiative then, was to later emerge as a brand synonymous with legendary service.
His unamassuming character is an enrichment of high moral values. He enshrined
human qualities such as integrity, humility, sincerity, that are nurtured into characterizing
his organization. He continues to believe in less of fanfare but in reality.
His thought flourished and the Blue oceanic Beach Hotel project commenced
construction in 1973 at Ethukale ,Negombo.12 out of the 40 approved rooms were
completed and the partly built hotel commenced commercial operations in January 1974
,with a record 100% occupancy ,through with minimum facilities and know-how. A few
tourist seasons to follow saw the complexion of the hotel. there was no looking back, he
stayed committed to Sri Lanka’s tourism and kept on reinvesting his earning to at more and
more hotels to the company’s portfolio that was a dire need of the industry.
2
After heading a family business of building construction through N.J. cooray
builders (pvt) Ltd, He foresaw success with locations he chose. He had intuition to select the
right architect for each of his projects successfully.
1981 saw the birth of a travel arm that mate the company, A fully-fledged tourism
organization, offering all services needed in international and local travel. Once again this
was an unfamiliar area. Through with reluctance, but with continuous persuasion from
Ruwan Samarasingha and Dieter Feld it was a gamble he took that paid off in making a
company that was to become Jetwing Travels (pvt) Ltd. The year 1991 saw Jetwing Hotels
Ltd,
partnering with the Srilankan conglomerate Heyleys Group, in the field of hospitality, going
into joint investments and management of resorts.
The founder envisions that Jetwing will remain committed to Srilanka’s tourism.
Responsible and eco-friendly tourism that benefits communities it operates within and
outside Srilanka will be pursued allways.
1.2 Vision
To be world class everything we do
1.3 Mission
To be a family of people and companies committed to provide legendary and
innovative service with high stake holder satisfaction
1.4 Organizational structure
Jetwing LightHouse Galle organization structure is headed by General Manager and
Department managers of Engineering Department, Account Department, Front Department,
Kitchen Department, House Keeping Department, F&B Department and HR Department.
Under them there is Assistant managers and next layers of the structure consists with other
positions. This makes up the Top Management of the hotel.
3
Figure 1.1: Organizational Structure of Jetwing LightHouse
1.5 Head Quarters
Jetwing headquarters is located in Colombo and it acts as the controller of whole
Jetwing group. There are number of regional offices located all over the country, yet
headquarters controls all the functions.
Jetwing group has companies.
Jetwing Hotels
Jetwing Travels
Jetwing Eco
Jetwing Holidays
Jetwing Events
Jetwing Air
4
1.6 Regional Sector
Jetwing has reached all over the country. It has customers in everywhere. Jetwing keeps its
customer relationships via several services. 22 distinctive properties spread around the
country from Galle, Yala, Negombo and Nuwara Eliya.
1.7 Strengths
1.7.1 Reputation
Jetwing group has gained the reputation over the tourism industry. It has satisfied with
customers by providing a reliable service. It has gained the reputation from local customers
and also foreigners. It has gained reputation of other countries by providing good facilities
and by winning awards.
Figure 1.2: Structure of Regional Sector
5
1.7.2 Facilities of Jetwing LightHouse Galle
Jetwing LightHouse Galle provides number of facilities to its customers. It also takes
necessary steps to have a good place in whole country and also in the world among other
tourism sectors.
General
Room Services
Restaurant
Bar/Lounge
Non-smoking Rooms
Poolside Bar
Activities
Swimming pool
Tour Desk
Massage/Beauty Centre
Garden
Beach Soccer & Volleyball
Child pool
Pool Outdoor
Services
Business centre
Concierge
Elevator/Lift
24-Hour Reception
Babysitting/Child Services
Safe Deposit Box
Meeting Rooms
Laundry Service
Luggage Storage
6
Internet
Wireless internet on site
Parking
Valet parking is offered at the hotel.
1.7.3 Responsibility towards Society
The Jetwing group acts as a responsible organization towards society by organizing various
valuable programmes for customers, tourists and chides. It provides benefits to its employees
by giving training programmes and bonus. And also it is responsible towards environment.
It follows environmental friendly programmes to reduce the damage caused to the
environment by their behaviours.
1.7.4 International Relationships
Jetwing hotels connect Sri Lanka with the whole world which leads to improve relationships
between other nations. The profit and awards gained by Jetwing has grabbed the attention of
other nations. Jetwing group improve international relationships by sharing new services
with each other.
1.8 Awards
Jetwing group has won many awards for its great performance and the service done for the
hotel and tourism industry.
2000
Commendation Award at the Green Globe Achievement Awards for Sustainability
in Green Tourism.
2005
Jetwing Lighthouse wins the PATA Gold award in the Education and Training
category for their project ‘A taxi service through the community’. In addition, most
of the properties received the HACCP certification.
7
Jetwing Hunas Falls awarded second place for the 5S productivity award given to
those within the Central Province
2006
Jetwing Hunas Falls awarded second place again for Companies in the Large Scale
Service Sector within the Central Province.
Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions voted as Sri Lanka’s Leading Resort in the World Travel
Awards.
Jetwing Lighthouse voted as Sri Lanka’s Leading Spa Resort
Jetwing Vil Uyana wins the PATA (Pacific Asia Travel Association) Grand Award
in the Education and Training category for the Jetwing Youth Development Project.
2007
Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions was voted as Sri Lanka’s Leading Resort in the World
Travel Awards.
They were also voted as Sri Lanka’s Leading Spa Resort in 2007.
Jetwing Vil Uyana wins the PATA Grand Award in the Education and Training
category for their Youth Development Project, We Dreamed a Dream.
Jetwing Vil Uyana walks away with two awards in the Transport, Travel & Tourism
category at the Chillies. They won both a Finalist award and a Silver award in this
category. They went on to win the Bronze award in the Print Campaign Category for
Service.
Jetwing Vil Uyana wins a Finalist and Silver award in the Transport, Travel &
Tourism category at the Chilies, along with a Bronze award in the Print Campaign
Category for Service.
2009
Jetwing awarded the PATA Gold Award in the Corporate Environment Programme
for the Jetwing Eternal Earth Project, based in Jetwing Hunas Falls, Kandy. The
winning entry was titled “Together we can make it – the Jetwing Eternal Earth
Project”
8
2010
Jetwing awarded the Gold Award for Large Scale Hotel for Jetwing Beach, as well
as a Merit Award for Jetwing Lighthouse and a Bronze Award for Jetwing Hunas
Falls at the Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Awards Presentation, presented by the Sri
Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority.
Jetwing bags three World Travel Awards, for Sri Lanka’s Leading Business Hotel –
Jetwing Lighthouse, Sri Lanka’s Leading Spa Resort- the Spa at Jetwing Lighthouse
and Sri Lanka’s Leading Resort – Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions, based on votes
received.
2011
Jetwing awarded the Gold Award for Medium Scale Hotel for Jetwing Sea, as well
as Merit Awards for Jetwing Beach and Jetwing Hunas Falls, at the Sri Lanka
National Energy Efficiency Awards 2011.
Jetwing Sea Wins Gold Award for Medium Scale Hotel at the Sri Lankan National
Energy Efficiency Awards 2011.
Jetwing Vil Uyana voted Sri Lanka’s Leading Boutique Hotel at the World Travel
Awards.
2012
February
Jetwing Sea wins a PATA Gold Award for the entry “Jetwing Sea – A Greener
Vision” in the category of Environment – Corporate Environmental Programme.
May
TripAdvisor awards 8 Certificates of Excellence to Jetwing Beach, Jetwing
Lighthouse, Jetwing Vil Uyana, Jetwing Warwick Gardens; Jetwing Sea, Jetwing
Blue, Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions and the Galle Heritage Villa by Jetwing
August
Jetwing Blue wins Bronze Award (Large Hotel category), Jetwing Sea, Jetwing Vil
Uyana and Jetwing St. Andrew’s wins Awards of Merit (Medium Scale Hotel
category) at the Sri Lanka National Energy Efficiency Awards 2012
9
October
Jetwing Vil Uyana wins HICAP 2012 Award for Sustainable Project Design Jetwing
Lighthouse, Jetwing Vil Uyana, Jetwing Blue and Jetwing Ayurveda
Pavilions wins (respectively) Sri Lanka’s Leading Spa Resort, Sri Lanka’s Leading
Boutique Hotel, Sri Lanka’s Leading Resort, and Sri Lanka’s Leading Wellness
Resort Awards at the World Travel Awards 2012
November
Jetwing St. Andrew’s, Jetwing Sea, Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions, Jetwing Blue,
Jetwing Lighthouse, Jetwing Vil Uyana win Championships and Certificates of Merit
at the EU SWITCH-ASIA Greening Hotels Awards 2012
2013
February
Jetwing Vil Uyana wins three TripAdvisor Travelers’ Choice Awards under the Top
20 Luxury Hotels in Sri Lanka, Top 25 Small Hotels in Sri Lanka, and Top 25 Hotels
for Service in Sri Lanka and is the highest rated hotel for Sri Lanka on the Kiwi
Collection
April
Jetwing Blue, Jetwing St. Andrew’s, Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions, Jetwing
Lighthouse, Jetwing Sea and Jetwing Vil Uyana join Jetwing Beach, which was
certified in 2011 as being up to ISO 14001 standards
May
Jetwing Blue, Jetwing Beach, Jetwing Vil Uyana, Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions,
Jetwing Sea, Jetwing Lighthouse, and Jetwing St. Andrew’s awarded Travelife Gold
Awards
June
Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilions, Jetwing Beach, Jetwing Blue, Jetwing Lagoon, Jetwing
Sea, Haridra Resort & Spa by Jetwing, Era Beach by Jetwing, Jetwing Lighthouse,
Jetwing Warwick Gardens, and Jetwing Vil Uyana win TripAdvisor Certificates of
Excellence
Jetwing Vil Uyana becomes the only Sri Lankan resort to be listed in National
Geographic Traveler’s World’s Best Ecolodges 2013
10
December
Jetwing Sea wins Bronze Flame in the Large Scale Hotel Sector category at the Sri
Lanka National Energy Efficiency Awards
2015
Jetwing yala has been nominated for world luxury hotel
Figure 1.3: Noticed for 2015 World Luxury Hotel Award
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CHAPTER 2
2 TRAINNING EXPERIENCE – TECHNICAL
2.1 Introduction to Jetwing Hotel Premises
Engineer was introduced all staff members in each department and got some idea about all
machines and their operations during first week
2.2 All Departments in the Hotel
1. Engineering Department
2. HR Department
3. Account Department
4. House Keeping Department
5. Kitchen Department
6. Front Department
2.2.1 Engineering Department
There are lot of responsibilities and duties to do for an engineering department in the hotel.
All machines are repaired and serviced which is in the hotel, readings were taken daily by
large size of machines and if there is any change those are checked, if there is any new
contraction those are done and also the new methods of power saving and waste recycling
were introduced to reduced economical expenses. The support of the engineering department
is needed for every department to do all tasks of them.
All Machines Instruments Instolled in the Engineering Department
1. Biomass boiler
2. Vapor compression chiller
3. Conventional chillers
4. Laundry machine
5. Heat pump
6. Hot water tank
12
7. Generators
8. Private automatic branch exchange (PABX)
2.3 Introduction of industrial Boilers
Industrial boiler is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water. It is used
wherever a source of steam is required. Industrial boilers are commonly used to make
process steam, provide heating and cooling, and generate electricity. There are two general
types of boilers. They are
Fire tube boiler
Water tube boiler
Also boilers are classified as
High pressure boiler
Steam boiler
Hot water boiler
2.3.1 Fire Tube Boiler
A fire tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases from a fire passes through one or
more tubes running through a sealed container of water. The heat of the gases is transferred
through the walls of the tubes by thermal conduction, heating the water and ultimately
creating steam.
2.3.2 Water Tube Boiler
A water tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by
the fire. Fuel is burned inside the furnace, creating hot gas which heat water in the steam-
generating tubes.
2.3.3 Biomass-Fired Boiler
Biomass is the biodegradable products, wastes and residues of biological origin from
agriculture such as vegetable and animal substances, forestry and related industries as well
as the biodegradable fraction from industrial and municipal wastes. Industrial boilers can
use biomass fuels as an alternative to fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal and fuel oil. The
developments of more efficient biomass fired boilers will produce environmental, energy
security and economic benefits while reducing the cost of fuel supplies and boiler
maintenance for industry.
13
2.4 Heat and Energy Losses in a Boiler
Flue gas losses: These heat losses are due to the temperature of the flue gases and are
a function of excess air as well as the flue and combustion air temperature
Feed water: Low feed water quality leads to increased blowdown rate, and other
losses along the distribution system due to scale build-up
Radiation losses: This is the radiant heat loss from the boiler casing
Blowdown losses: Heated water is periodically discharged from boilers to control
concentration of suspended solids and prevent sludge formation
2.5 Increase Energy Efficiency
Boiler combustion management: This aims to minimize excess air in combustion as
the hotter oxygen and nitrogen that escapes from the flue, the more energy is lost.
Oxygen concentration of the flue gas is analyzed and can then be controlled and
adjusted. Flue gas temperature is also a good indicator of boiler efficiency. By
measuring flue temperature and comparing its changes against steam load, ambient
temperature, and oxygen content, boiler efficiency can be monitored. Flue gas
temperature should be kept as low as possible to increase energy efficiency
Pre-treatment of feed water: Treatment of feed water involves the removal of
impurities that can cause sludge build-up in the boiler and scale build-up along the
distribution system. Clarification and filtration of feed water remove suspended
material, while demineralization removes dissolved impurities
Boiler casing insulation: To minimize heat loss through radiant heat loss from the
boiler casing, proper insulation techniques and the maintenance of insulation layers
are required. Insulation must be ensured to be free from contamination by water or
other liquids which can affect its ability to retain heat
Blowdown heat recovery: Blowdown water contains significant energy that can be
recovered. Two main methods are used. Flash steam is created when blowdown
occurs and if the blowdown stream is directed to a flash steam vessel, the flash steam
can be recovered for low-pressure steam applications. Blowdown water from either
the blowdown stream or the liquid drain of the flash steam vessel could also be used
to pre-heat feed water using a heat exchanger
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2.6 Boilers in Jetwing LightHouse Hotel
2.6.1 Introduction
There were two boilers in Jetwing LightHouse Hotel. One was an oil-fired boiler and the
other one was a biomass-fired boiler. The oil-fired boiler was implemented long ago and
furnace oil was the fuel source of the boiler.
2.6.2 Biomass-Fired Boiler in Jetwing LightHouse Hotel
The boiler was a two stage boiler which was combination of water tubes and fire
tubes. The fuel was fed into the combustion chamber by a rotating screw. Hot water was
carried by a pipe from the oil-fired boiler and the pipe was connected to the feed water tank
of the biomass boiler. Then hot water was pumped to a sealed container by two water feed
pump. Fire tubes were run through that sealed container. Water tubes were circulated through
the wall of the combustion chamber and were connected to the sealed water container. After
the combustion was taken place in the combustion chamber the heat was transferred through
the wall of the tubes by thermal conduction. Then steam was generated by heating the water
and was transferred by a pipe to the plant. Flue gas particles were collected by a system
which included a tube, a draft fan and a water tank.
Figure 2.1: Biomass-fired boiler in Jetwing LightHouse Hotel
15
Operation of the Three Pass Biomass Boiler
There are two fans connected two the boiler those are known as FD (force drive) fan and ID
(ignition drive) fan. FD fan supply required oxygen to combustion chamber it is
automatically switched on when pressure of the steam is less than 6 bar and cinnamon wood
put in to the combustion chamber about two times per our it is depending on daily steam
requirement of the hotel. After about 10 second ID fan also switched on for exhaust the
burned air to atmosphere.
Safety
If pressure inside the boiler is very large (about 15 bar) it can be exploding there for
we should alert about pressure gauge readings.
If water level inside the water jacket should be maintain above to the fire tubes
otherwise fire tube can be exploding or damage. There for there are two gauge glasses
to check the water level inside the boiler.
Figure 2.2: Gauge Glass
16
There are two pumps to pump feed water from feed water tank to boiler. If we maintain
those pump manually, we should pay attention to the water level otherwise water can be
approach to high level or low low level. There are four sensors connected to the water
jacket to maintain water level when pumps are automatically operated.
1. When water level maintain is decreased the pump is switched on
by a sensor.
2. Pump is switched off by a sensor when water level become
needed level.
3. When water level approach high level an alarm is switched on by
a third sensor.
4. If water level becomes low level, alarm is switched on by another
sensor and switched off FD fan.
There are two safety values top of the boiler. If steam pressure approach to 15 bar those
values are open automatically.
Maintenance
A fault boiler can be extremely dangerous, not least because of the increased risk of carbon
monoxide poisoning. It’s therefore best to get serviced monthly and weekly according to the
schedule and make sure it’s working properly or not.
Weekly
Always should check water level inside the boiler by using a gauge glass. Therefore,
accuracy of the gauge glass is a main thing for safety. So we have to checked accuracy of
the gauge glass weekly.
This task can complete in three easy steps that should only take a few minutes. First, be sure
both top and bottom gauges will seal off completely before continuing. Then, start with these
simple steps.
There are three gate valves connected to the gauge glass V1, V2 and V3. When we clean the
gauge glass weekly we should close and open those valves according to following steps.
17
Monthly Maintenance
To conduct the boiler in good condition we have to do full boiler service once per month.
There are 96 fire tubs inside the boiler. Inside diameter of those tubes are reduced because
of the filling ash inside the tube. It’s reduced heat transferring ability through the tube.
Therefore, we have to clean the tubes once per month by using a wire brush having a long
handle.
And also clean all ash filled in the boiler. In that service period can’t supply steam to the
vapor absorption chiller, laundry, hot water tank. Due to that reason we have to stop laundry
machines and absorption chiller.
2.7 Air condition System in Jetwing LightHouse Galle
2.7.1 Vapor Compression Refrigerators
There are three vapor compression refrigerators. Capacity of two of them 200TR and
also and one 100TR.We have to stop vapor absorption chiller during the boiler service
period. In that service period we can use standby conventional chillers for continue the air
conditioning process. Here we use cooling water which is coming from the cooling towers
for passing through the condenser tubes.
Figure 2.3: Wire Brushes
18
Vapor compression use a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs
and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere.
Figure 2.11: depicted a typical, single- stage vapor-compression system. All such systems
have four components: a compressor, a condenser, a thermal expansion value and an
evaporator. By those components remove heat from the chilled water is which is coming
from AHUs and FCUs according to the refrigerant cycle.
2.7.2 Main Part of Chiller
Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
Evaporator
Condenser
The condenser uses to remove the heat picked up by the refrigerant in the cooling coil
(evaporator) and condense the refrigerant vapor to a liquid. Ansell use the water cooled
condensers.
Figure 2.4 : Vapor Compression Refrigerator (chiller)
19
Compressor
The compressor serves two purposes. First, it draws the refrigerant from the cooling coil and
forces it into the condenser. Next, the compressor increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
Suction by drawing the refrigerant from the cooling coil, the compressor reduces the
pressure in the cooling coil. The compressor keeps the pressure at a low level to permit the
refrigerant to boil or vaporize and absorb heat in the process. The refrigerant boils at a
relatively low temperature when the pressure on the refrigerant is reduced. Discharge the
compressor then discharges or forces the refrigerant vapor into the condenser. During the
discharge process, the compressor increases the pressure of the refrigerant and also increases
the refrigerant vapor temperature. As a result, it is easier for the condenser to do its job.
Expansion valve
The thermostatic expansion valve reduces the pressure of the refrigerant liquid and thus
cools the liquid. Refrigerant enters the valve under pressure. As the refrigerant passes
through the valve port, it enters the low-pressure area of the cooling coil.
Evaporator
The cooling coil is the only component that is common to both the air cycle and the
refrigeration cycle. The main purpose of this coil is to provide a surface over which air from
the room can flow. At the same time, the cooling coil provides a passage through which the
refrigerant flows. The combination of warm air flowing over the refrigerant causes the air to
lose heat and the refrigerant to gain heat. Actually, although the temperature of the
refrigerant does not change, the heat picked up from the air is needed to vaporize the liquid
refrigerant at the same temperature. In this sense, then, the refrigerant is heated.
By supplying a cooling coil surface to the air, the cooling coil serves as a heat transfer device.
Heat is transferred from the air to the coil surface, and then to the refrigerant in the coil. In
effect, heat is transferred from the air to the refrigerant through the coil surface.
2.7.3 Operation of Vapour Compression Refrigerators
Circulating refrigerant enters to the compressor and the thermodynamic state known as a
saturated vapour and is compressed to a higher pressure, resulting in a higher temperature as
well. The hot, compressed vapour is then in the thermodynamic state known as a superheated
vapour and it is at a temperature and pressure at which it can be condensed with either
cooling water or cooling air. Then hot vapour is routed through a condenser where it is
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cooled and condensed into a liquid by flowing through a coil or tubes with cool water or cool
air flowing across the coil or tubes. This is where the circulating refrigerant rejects heat from
the system and the rejected heat is carried away by either the water or the air.
Maintenance
Weekly maintenance
1. Check the compressor oil level. This should be visible through the sight glass with
the machine running at full load. Let the compressor operate for 3 to 4 hours before
adding any oil. Check the oil level every 30 minutes.
2. Check the oil pressure.
3. The flow of liquid refrigerant through the sight glass should be steady and without
bubbles. Bubbles are a sign of a low charge, a possible leak.
4. Check operating. Pressures. If they are higher or lower than those recorded when
the machine was put into service.
5. Record temperatures, pressures, dates et times and any other observations in the
service log
Figure 2.5: Refrigeration Cycle
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Annually Maintenance
1. Clean the chilled water piping filters.
2. Clean any corroded surfaces and repaint them.
3. Inspect the chilled water circuit for any signs of leakage. Check operation of the
water circulating pump.
2.7.4 Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Air Handling Unit is a device used to regulate and circulate air as part of a heating,
ventilating, and air conditioning system. An air handler is usually a large metal box
containing a blower, heating or cooling elements filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators,
and dampers. Conditioned air passes though the duct to the building and return to the AHU.
Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit (return) air directly to and from the space
served without duct. There are two AHU in the hotel one of them is installed in restaurant
and other one is installed in main bar. Those AHU manufactured from a square section steel
framing system with double skinned and insulated infill panelsAHU can be used to cool a
huge area more than Fan Coil Unit (FCU). There are lot people gathering in resurgent and
bar and also those have large area. Therefore to cool that area AHU is suitable than FCU.
Major Components of the AHU
Figure 2.6: Air Handling Unit
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Air flow is from the right to left in this case. Some AHU components shown are
1. Supply duct
2. Fan components (blower)
3. Vibration isolator
4. Cooling coil
5. Filter component
6. Mixed (recalculated + outside) air duct
Procedure of AHU Work
The air handling unit use blower to remove heat to from the building, force it through a heat
exchanger and distribute the conditioned air through a system of ducts back into the building.
On most systems, the blower is a squirrel cage fan that simultaneously creates a vacuum to
pull air out of the room and pressure of force it through the ducts. In the hotel they use chilled
water which is coming from vapor absorption chiller for cooling coil.
Figure 2.7: Internal Process of an AHU
Maintenance
At least every 3 months a major inspection of the fan section should be carried out as
Follow. We also could to work with technicians when they are service the AHU.
1. Removed all filters and cleaned
2. Removed and examine drive belts, checked for uneven wear in belts which could
indicate Misalignment of pulleys or possible wear to fan bearing.
3. Rotated and rock shafts of fan and motor to detect bearing play.
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4. Cleaned fan impeller, any build-up of grease and dust will affect the balance of the
fan causing stresses and decreasing the bearing life.
5. Inspected all internal and external surfaces for signs of deterioration.
6. After Inspection and replacement carry out pre-start checked and test run
2.7.5 Fan Coil Units (FCU)
There are 95 FCUs installed in the hotel. Chilled water comes to the unit coil from the vapor
absorption chiller through the isolated lines and return flow is again supply to the vapor
absorption chiller. Therefor we called it is a chilled water circulation system.
FCU is a simple device consisting of a heating or cooling coil and fan. Typically, a fan coil
is not connected to ductwork, and is used to control the temperature in the space where it is
installed, or serve multiple spaces. It is controlled either by a manual on/off switch or by
thermostat.
Figure 2.8: Fan Coil Unit
To get the required air condition separate fan coil units are installed in each room. Fan coil
units are categorized according to their capacity. There are eight major parts in a fan coil
unit. They are,
1. Chill water coil - chill water flows through this coil.
2. Blower fan – use to circulate the air through the room.
3. Casing – helps to direct the airflow through the coil.
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4. Drain plate – collect the water formed surface of the coil.
5. Gate valve – can stop the chill water flow in repair.
6. Strainer - filter the contaminants of the chill water before go through
the coil.
7. Motorized valve – on off the chill water circulation through the coil when the
required temperature has reached in the room.
8. Balance valve – control the flow rate through the coil according to the
specification of the coil. Help to maintain the hydronic balance of the chill water
system.
Operation
Two basic methods of fan coil control are available: (1) fan speed control and (2) cycling of
the water flow to the unit coil. The operation of the fan speed control can be implemented
by using a simple motor speed switch, and a thermostat unit can be used to control the cycling
of water flow. The wall-mounted thermostat unit usually includes a motor speed switch, an
on/off switch and a thermostat. The on/off switch turns the unit on and off, and the motor
speed switch controls the fan speed. The thermostat controls the water line stop valve and
usually has a dial to select an approximate temperature.
Maintenance
Monthly Maintenance
• Inspect the unit air filter. Clean or replace clogged filter element.
• Check the drain pan to be sure that it is clean and free to carry the flow of condensate
through the drain line.
Annual Maintenance
• Inspect the unit casing for corrosion. Clean or repair in order to provide unit protection.
• Inspect the fan wheel and housing for damage. Rotate the fan wheel manually ensuring that
no obstructions are blocking its movement.
• Inspect the coil fins for excessive dirt or damage. Remove dirt and straighten fins.
• Clean and tighten all electrical connections.
• Drain and treat the whole system to control pipe scaling.
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Figure 2.9: Split type air condition
2.7.6 Split and Window type air condition units
2.7.6.1 Split type air condition unit details
Split type air condition units consist of an indoor unit and a outdoor unit. Outdoor unit
consists of condenser, compressor, capillary tubes and service valves. Evaporator coil
blower fan, electronic thermostat, control panel, air filter and supply air return grill are inside
the indoor unit. These split air condition units can find in various capacities like 9000 btu/h,
12000 btu/h and 18000 btu/h. It can choose the capacity of the unit according to the cooling
load required.
In these units, rotary type and reciprocating piston type hermetic compressors are most
common. In these systems it uses capillary tubes as metering device (make high-pressure
gas to low-pressure gas). Electronic thermostats are used in these units to control the
temperature of the room.
The Advantages of Split type air condition unit,
1. Required lesser space (Outdoor unit can place anywhere)
2. Temperature can control preciously
3. Can find in various types (e.g. - wall mounted, roof suspended, etc.)
Disadvantages of this unit are,
1. Consume electrical energy than fan coil units.
2. Sometimes the indoor unit cannot control without remote controller.
3. Condenser fins of the outdoor unit can corrode due to sea breeze.
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Figure 2.10: Part of Cool room and Freezer
These units can give problems due to lack of charged gas, a block of the evaporator coil
and problem of the drain line etc. Appropriate refrigerant gas should be charged to
appropriate pressure (or current) by using service valves.
2.7.6.2 Improvement for the system
Mount the indoor unit in the most appropriate place
Outdoor unit should not install close to a wall. There should be enough space
between wall and the outdoor unit to get the required air flow to cool the condenser.
Two outdoor units should not install very close to each other.
Air filter for the indoor unit is a necessary part to prevent form dust in the evaporator
coil.
Reduce the distance between outdoor unit and indoor unit. (if the distance increases pressure
drop increases and reduce the capacity of the unit)
2.7.7 Cool room and Freezer
Cool rooms and freezers are used to preserve food like fish, meat, vegetable, dairy
and man-made foods like cakes, ice creams etc. fish and meat freezers are held in under -
180C and others cool rooms held between 2 – 6 0C.
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In freezer units defrosting is should happen in right time to prevent the ice formation of the
evaporator coil. There are three types of defrosting. They are,
1. Reversed cycle defrosting (hot gas defrosting)
2. Electrical defrosting
3. Free defrosting
Defrosting interval (normally set at 6 hours) and defrosting time (set at 30 minutes) can be
varied according to requirement. In addition, manual defrosting can done when the freezer
is operating above specific set value. There are two probes that sense the temperature of
indoor unit. And one of them, signals to stop the fans of outdoor unit when the required
temperature has reached and other is signal to begin defrosting in right time.
2.7.8 Cooling Towers
A cooling tower is equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting
heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Cooling towers make use of evaporation
whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently
discharged into the atmosphere. As a result, the remainder of the water is cooled down
significantly. Cooling towers are able to lower the water temperatures more than devices that
use only air to reject heat, like the radiator in a car, and are therefore more cost-effective and
energy efficient.
The cooling tower is used to cool the water came from condensers of the chillers. The water
having temperature about 300C is pumped through the cooling tower. Because of the plates
the water is flowed very slowly. By using the fan the vapour of the water is removed. Then
the temperature of the water is reduced to about 240C.
The major problem is the forming of algae in the components of the cooling tower. To
prevent this, some chemicals were added to water. But these chemicals cause to corrode the
plates. So the optimal chemical content is used & new plates replaced the plates after desired
time.
Operation
The evaporation process only takes place on the surface of a liquid and needs latent heat of
vaporization to happen. Sensible heat is drawn from the body of the water to the surface to
supply the energy needed for the latent heat. It can be seen that for a little evaporation a lot
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of sensible heat will be needed therefore the main body of the circulating water is cooled for
very little loss of water. Warm to hot water from the cooling process is pumped to the top of
the cooling tower and into the sprays where the water is broken up into droplets and
distributed over the Fill. The water droplet spreads out as it slides down Fill creating the
surface area necessary for evaporation.
The evaporation rate of the water is restricted by the amount of moisture already in the air
around it. To maintain evaporation, the moistened air must be replaced with dry air, usually
by fans blowing air through the tower.
Figure 2.11: Cooling Tower
Maintenance
Weekly Maintenance
i Check cooling water for clarity, algae and temperature.
ii Check water level of basin and the foaming condition of the cooling tower.
iii Check bleed-off valves, strainers, drains and float valves for proper operation.
iv Check operation conditions of the cooling tower fan and drive, water treatment dosing
facilities, and water pumps.
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Monthly Maintenance
i. Check cooling water for clarity, surface and ensure that the cooling water be proper
or not.
ii. Check internal surface condition of cooling towers for scale, rust, sludge, and biofilm
accumulation, in particular the water basin. They should be removed by scrubbing
and cleaning.
iii. Check sprays and distribution deck for proper water distribution
2.8 Sewerage Treatment Plant Details
Wastewater treatment is the process of removing pollutants from water previously employed
for industrial, agricultural, or municipal uses. The techniques used to remove the pollutants
present in wastewater can be broken into biological, chemical, physical, and energetic. These
different techniques are applied through the three stages of wastewater treatment. Sewerage
pits are constructed in various places of the hotel. The submersible cutter pumps in those
pits pump wastewater to the plants. Then the following processes undergo to treat the
wastewater.
Figure 2.12: Sewerage treatment plant in Jetwing hotel
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2.8.1 Primary treatment
Primary treatment removes the materials that can be easily collected from the raw
wastewater. The typical materials that are removed during primary treatment include fats,
oils, and greases, sand, gravels and rocks larger settable solids including human waste and
floating materials.
2.8.2 Secondary Treatment
Secondary treatment is designed to degrade the biological content of the sewage such as are
derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The majority of municipal and
industrial plants treat the settled sewage liquor using aerobic biological processes. Secondary
treatment systems are classified as fixed film or suspended growth. Fixed-film treatment
process including trickling filter and rotating biological contactors where the biomass grows
on media and the sewage passes over its surface. In suspended growth systems—such as
activated sludge—the biomass is well mixed with the sewage and can be operated in a
smaller space than fixed-film systems that treat the same amount of water. However, fixed-
film systems are more able to cope with drastic changes in the amount of biological material
and can provide higher removal rates for organic material and suspended solids than
suspended growth systems.
Surface Aerated basin
Most biological oxidation processes for treating industrial wastewaters have in common the
use of oxygen (or air) and microbial action. Surface-aerated basins achieve 80 to 90%
removal of BOD with retention times of 1 to 10 days. The basins may range in depth from
1.5 to 5.0 meters and utilize motor-driven aerators floating on the surface of the wastewater.
In an aerated basin system, the aerators provide two functions. They transfer air into the
basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required
for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and
microbes).
Trickling filters
The trickling filter beds are used where the settled sewage liquor is spread onto the surface
of a deep bed made up of coke, limestone chips or specially fabricated plastic media. Such
media must have high surface areas to support the bio films that form. The liquor is
distributed through perforated rotating arms radiating from a central pivot. The distributed
liquor trickles through this bed and is collected in drains at the base. These drains also
provide a source of air which percolates up through the bed, keeping it aerobic.
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Rotating biological contactors
Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) are mechanical secondary treatment systems, which
are robust and capable of withstanding surges in organic load. The rotating disks support
the growth of bacteria and micro-organisms present in the sewage, which breakdown and
stabilize organic pollutants. Micro-organisms need both oxygen to live and food to grow.
Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the micro-organisms grow,
they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the
rotating discs in the sewage. Effluent from the RBC is then passed through final clarifiers
where the microorganisms in suspension settle as sludge. The sludge is withdrawn from
the clarifier for further treatment.
2.8.3 Tertiary treatment
Tertiary treatment provides a final stage to raise the effluent quality before it is discharged
to the receiving environment. More than one tertiary treatment process may be used at
treatment plants.
Filtration
Sand filtration removes much of the residual suspended matter. Filtration over activated
carbon removes residual toxins.
Disinfection
The purpose of disinfection in the treatment of wastewater is to substantially reduce the
number of microorganisms in the water to be discharged back into the environment. The
effectiveness of disinfection depends on the quality of the water being treated (e.g.,
cloudiness, pH, etc.), the type of disinfection being used, the disinfectant dosage and other
environmental variables. Common methods of disinfection include ozone, chlorine, or
ultraviolet light.
The sludge accumulated in a wastewater treatment process must be treated and disposed
of in a safe and effective manner. The purpose of digestion is to reduce the amount of
organic matter and the number of disease-causing microorganisms present in the solids.
The most common treatment options include anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and
composting.
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Anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a bacterial process that is carried out in the absence of oxygen. The
process can either be thermophiles digestion, in which sludge is fermented in tanks at a
temperature of 55°C, or mesophilic, at a temperature of around 36°C. Though allowing
shorter retention time (and thus smaller tanks), thermophiles digestion is more expensive
in terms of energy consumption for heating the sludge.
One major feature of anaerobic digestion is the production of biogas, which can be used in
generators for electricity production and/or in boilers for heating purposes.
Aerobic digestion
Aerobic digestion is a bacterial process occurring in the presence of oxygen. Under aerobic
conditions, bacteria rapidly consume organic matter and convert it into carbon dioxide.
The operating costs are characteristically much greater than for anaerobic digestion
because of the energy costs needed to add oxygen to the process.
Composting
Composting is also an aerobic process that involves mixing the sludge with sources of
carbon such as sawdust, straw or wood chips. In the presence of oxygen, bacteria digest
both the wastewater solids and the added carbon source and, in doing so, produce a large
amount of heat.
2.8.4 For the proper operation of sewerage treatment plant
Monitor the plant operation in 24 hours.
Always make sure that the grease traps are properly working.
Increase the plant capacities to handle the total amount of wastewater. (if the
wastewater is allowed to go to environment before treating it can cause health
problems)
Remove the sludge from the system in proper time.
Weekly test the color of the water in aeration tank. (it should be brownish color)
Carryout the MLSS (Mixed liquor suspended solid) test. (Test carryout for determine
the amount of sludge to be wasted)
Supply proper ventilation for the RBC plant room.
Repair the leakages of waste water lines.
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2.9 Calarifier
Hot water for the hotel produces by using steam generated by the boiler. Hot water system
consumes more than 50% of steam generate by the boiler. Calarifiers are used to produce
hot water. Calarifier shell consist of water that need to heat and steam passes through the
steam coil. When the temperature of the hot water reaches the set value, the solenoid valve
in the steam line closes and cut off the steam through the calarifier.
Figure 2.13: Calarifier
2.10 Pressure Vessel
A pressure vessel is a container designed to withstand internal or external pressure. External
pressure on a vessel can be caused by an internal vacuum or by fluid pressure between an
outer jacket and the vessel wall. A storage vessel is called tank. Several types of vessels are
available. Columns, towers, drums, reactors, heat exchangers, condensers, air coolers and
accumulators are common types of industry pressure vessels. Pressure vessels are designed
in various shapes such as cylindrical, spherical, spheroidal, boxed or lobed. Cylindrical
vessels may be vertical or horizontal. Parts of a pressure vessel are
34
1. The shell.
2. Heads.
3.Supports.
Figure 2.14: Pressure Vessels
All the pressure vessels have nozzles. Those nozzles are used to pass the process fluid in
and out of the vessel. For inspection purposes man ways are located on the vessel. Every
pressure vessel has two common safety precautions safety valves and leak before burst.
Safety valves: If the inside pressure of the vessel gets larger than the design pressure of the
vessel, safety valves get automatically opened and release the excess
pressure.
Leak before burst: Inside the vessel normally high pressure can be obtained. By that pressure
the vessel can be burst even though safety valves work fine. If that happens
before it burst, leakage occurs and the pressure gets released.
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2.11 Fire detection and protection system
2.11.1 Fire
A fire occurs due to the combination of fuel, oxygen and heat. In all hotels there must be
a fire protection system as well as fire detection system to minimize the damage that can
occur due to the fire.
2.11.2 Fire classification
Class A - fire involving ordinary combustible materials. (e.g. wood, paper)
Class B - fire involving flammable materials such as petrol, diesel.
Class C - The fire generated by the electrical equipment.
Class D - Fire involving flammable material such as Na, K.
The purpose of the fire detection and protection system is to prevent personal injury and
minimize property damage. They are very effective if selected correctly, maintained
properly, and their purposes and limitations are well understood by building occupants. The
choice of systems is based on the potential of a fire, the type of fire expected, the
characteristics of the area to be protected, and the occupancy of the area.
2.11.3 Fire detection system
Fire detection systems broadly classified into two categories. They are,
1. Conventional or analogue system
2. Addressable system
2.11.3.1 Conventional system
From small shops & offices to medium sized buildings, conventional fire alarm systems are
a cost effective way to ensure you have a means of detecting & warning of a fire. Specific
number of detectors can be installed on zones, when a detector is triggered the fire alarm
control panel will indicate which zone has been triggered, giving us an indication of the area
of activation. In most hotel these kind of fire protecting systems has installed.
Conventional system can be consisting of zone control panel, detectors (smoke, heat, duct),
beam transmitter and receivers, alarm sounders, voice enhanced sounders, call points and
relays etc.
36
Terofire and Rafiki sita are two manufactures of conventional systems. In Treo fire
multi zone system panels consists of 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 detection zones. It can install 30
Maximum numbers of detectors in one zone. Detector voltage is 20V and also there are 4
alarm zones can be installed. Fire alarm system components, except for the control panel
power supply, shall operate on 24 Volts dc. Through N/O, N/C auxiliary contacts it can make
some safety action. The elevators can program to come to the ground floor when a case of a
fire by using these auxiliary contacts. And also auxiliary contacts can connect to the
magnetic door holders. Devices shall operate on 24 Volt dc power. Compatible magnetic
component shall be attached to the door. Under normal conditions, the magnets shall attract
and hold the doors open. When magnets are de-energized, they shall release the doors.
Magnets shall have a holding force of 111.2 N 25 pounds. Devices shall be UL or FM
approved. Housing for devices shall be brushed aluminum or stainless steel. Operation shall
be fail safe with no moving parts. Electromagnetic door hold-open devices shall not be
required to be held open during building power failure.
Figure 2.15: Conventional system
2.11.3.2 Addressable system
This type of fire system is state of the art & is highly intelligent. If a detector is triggered it
give a text read out of exactly where this unit is e.g. “smoke detector 17 zone 12”. The main
advantage of this system is for large buildings where a detector on a conventional zone may
take some time to find. Some examples of where addressable systems are used are hotels,
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hospitals, ware houses and colleges. Addressable system shall be microcomputer
(microprocessor or microcontroller) based with a minimum word size of eight bits and shall
provide the following features:
a. Sufficient memory to perform as specified and as shown for addressable
system.
b. Individual identity of each addressable device for the following conditions:
alarm, trouble, open, short, and appliances missing/failed remote detector -
sensitivity adjustment from the panel for smoke detectors.
c. Capability of each addressable device being individually disabled or enabled
from the panel.
d. Each SLC shall be sized to provide 40 percent addressable expansion without
hardware modifications to the panel.
2.11.4 Fire Protection System
Methods of Fire Extinguishing
Starvation – Limitation of fuel
Smothering – Limitation of oxygen
Cooling - Limitation of Temperature
Types of fire protecting systems
Sprinkler system
Standpipe system
Deluge system
Special area suppression system
Portable fire extinguishers
Sprinkler system
This system consists of a network of pipes throughout the structure with branch lines and
individual sprinkler heads. These heads have soldered (fusible) links, which soften in heat,
allowing the sprinkler valve to open and spray water in a carefully designed pattern. Activate
sprinkler head discharges 60L/min. The type and number of heads, their elevations above
38
the floor and clearances below the ceiling are all important engineering considerations that
are based on the space use. Because sprinkler will activate almost immediately, whereas a
fire appliance takes an average of eight minutes, after receiving an alarm, to reach an
incident. This delay can result in substantial fire damage before the appliance arrives and a
much larger fire requiring much more water to achieve extinguishment. Sprinkler systems
have flow-sensing devices which will sound the building fire alarm when they are activated.
They also may have tamper-detection alarms that activate when valves or other components
are not in the correct position.
Sprinkler systems can be divided into several categorizes. Wet pipe system, dry pipe system,
deluge system, pre action system and foam water sprinkler system. Wet pipe sprinkler
system is the most reliable and popular system because of it simple operation. The only
operating components in this system are automatic sprinkler head and automatic alarm check
valve. All the piping in the system is filled with water under pressure. If sufficient heat is
applied to the sprinkler heads fusible link releases, allowing the water to flow from the
sprinkler.
Dry sprinkler system water is not present in the piping until the system operates. The piping
is pressurized with air, at a maintenance pressure which is relatively low compared with the
water supply pressure. To prevent the larger water supply pressure from forcing water into
the piping, the design of the dry pipe intentionally includes a larger valve clapper area
exposed to the maintenance air pressure, as compared to the water pressure. When sufficient
heat is applied to the sprinkler heat the fusible link release and because of that air pressure
in the pipe drops, the pressure difference between dry pipe valve changes and allow to water
come into the pipes.
In Deluge the sprinklers are open sprinklers. The heat sensing operating element has
removed during installation, so that all sprinklers connected to the water piping system are
open. These systems are used for special hazards where rapid fire spread is a concern. Water
is not present in the piping until the system operates. Because the sprinkler orifices are open,
the piping is at ambient air pressure. To prevent the water supply pressure from forcing water
into the piping, a deluge valve is used in the water supply connection, which is a
mechanically latched valve. It is a non-resetting valve, and stays open once tripped.
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Canvas Fire Hoses
Canvas fire hoses attached to or adjacent to fire hydrant points are installed only for use by
the Fire Brigade. They must not be used by untrained personnel as injury or excess property
damage may result. The properties of rubber line fire horses are given below.
1. Jacket: high tenacity polyester staples, polyester filament
2. Easy rolling
3. Aging resistant
4. Size: 50 mm
5. Working pressure 16 bar
6. Bursting pressure 48 bar
7. Light weight
Fire horse reels
The large fire horse reels are to be used by building occupants to fight fire, especially when
they are trapped and cannot escape to and emergency exit. The fire hoses are connected to
the mains water supply and extend for about 30 feet.
Portable fire extinguishers
Content Colour
Water Red
Dry power Blue
Foam Green
Carbon dioxide Black
BCF Green
Figure 2.16 : Types of Extinguishers
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2.111.5 Action Need to Be Taken in a Fire
Step 1: When you see smoke or fire
When you see a fire or unexplained smoke, pull the nearest fire-alarm box or ensure someone
else does. This is essential small fires can grow quickly. Call or have someone else call police
or fire brigade.
If u haven’t any training on fire extinguishing exit the building don’t fight the fire.
If you have received fire safety training
Step 2: Use your judgment
Is the fire limited in size? If you decide to extinguish it, will you have an escape route if
something goes wrong? Do you know the location of the nearest fire extinguisher?
Step 3: Is the fire controllable?
If you are confident the fire is controllable, and if you are certain of your safety, attempts to
extinguish it.
Step 4: Communicate
Tell at least one other person what you are doing beforehand. Ask them to tell the fire
department where you are.
Step 5: Get the extinguisher ready
Remove the extinguisher from its bracket. Be careful; some extinguishers are heavy. Ensure
it is rated for the type of fire. Take a position about six feet from the fire. Extend the nozzle
toward the fire.
Step 6: Actual use of the extinguisher
Use the extinguisher. All fire extinguishers share similar operating features. These can be
thought of as the P.A.S.S. technique:
•Pull out the pin that secures the release handle.
•Aim the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire.
•Squeeze the handle. (Do not be startled by the noise or velocity of the agent as it is
released.)
•Sweep the agent stream from side to side across the base of the fire until it is completely
out. Be alert for re-ignition. If this happens, douse the fire until the extinguisher is empty.
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Step 7: What to do if you fail
If your attempts are unsuccessful, evacuate immediately.
Responsibilities of the staff
Ensure that appropriate fire extinguishers are available in the work area.
Ensure that equipment or storage does not obstruct access to extinguishers or conceal
them or their wall-mounted location signs.
Make sure require fire extinguishers be present for welding, cutting, or other fire
hazardous work operations in the work area.
Report discharged, defective, or missing extinguishers promptly to chief engineer.
Ensure all fire extinguishers in your area of responsibility are inspected monthly.
Report extinguishers that are undercharged or have been tampered with to Facilities
Management immediately.
Short comes of the fire detection and protection systems in a hotel
There are no trained personnel for fire protecting.
Lack of knowledge about the importance of the fire protecting system.
Pumps of the wet riser system sometimes switch off.
There are some leakages in the pipe line.
Fire horses are not rolled correctly.
Fire reel horses are established in incorrect manner.
Do not investigate the system daily.
Nozzles are missing in some fire reel horses and fire horses
Dose not cares about the indication of the fire panels.
Have Install fire panels in the places that cannot accessible easily.
Fire extinguishers are expired.
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2.12 Consumption of Electricity in the Hotel
Electricity is the most used energy in a hotel. There are many systems and instruments
in the hotel uses electrical energy. They are categorized as follows,
1. Electricity for central air condition system and split AC units.
2. Electricity for lighting purposes.
3. Electricity for other equipment and systems (e.g. - kitchen equipment, cool rooms,
sewerage treatment plant, laundry equipment, water treatment plant pumps etc.)
Energy saving Methods
Energy efficient bulbs need to use in appropriate places. (e.g.- kitchen where bulbs
are switch on 24h)
The doors of cool rooms should close properly should limit the number of times
that open the door.
Install power management systems in all rooms.
Switch off the unnecessary bulbs.
Load the laundry machines properly.
Fix overhead door closers for every air condition office room.
Do not overload the refrigerators.
Monitor the performance of the chillers whether they are working in maximum
efficiency.
Operate the generators in maximum efficiency level.
Make a mechanism to switch off the wash room lights when they are not using.
Repair the broken timers for the lights.
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Diesel consumption and saving
Diesel is used for the boiler and the generator as a fuel.
Diesel saving methods
Increase the efficiency of the boiler by maintaining it well.
Generator should only run in most appropriate occasions.
Always run the generator in maximum efficiency range.
Repair the any leakages in diesel distribution lines.
Construct a mechanism to cut off the diesel when the day tank has filled
into required level.
Gas consumption and saving
L.P gas is mainly used in burners in the kitchen for food preparing purposes. There are two
ways of using gas as high pressure gas and low pressure gas.
Gas saving methods
Switch off the burners when they are not in operation.
Clean the burners to allow proper combustion.
Use gas burners with pilot line.
Produce bio gas by using garbage remove from the kitchen.
Find the possibilities of producing bio gas from waste storage tanks.
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CHAPTER 3
3 TRAINNING EXPERIENCES – MANAGEMENT During the 12-week training period we learnt about management process of Jetwing hotel,
how the hotel motivates its employees and how the safety is carried out.
3.1 Management Structure of Jetwing LightHouse Hotel Galle
The hotel is divided in to seven departments and those departments are also divided into
sections. The department will be controlled by the manager of the department and there are
other officers.
Every department has a manager to guide the team members. According to the task or the
operation employees or other officers have assigned, there are also engineering department.
There are maintenances, engineers, assistant engineers in engineering department. Technical
staff is formed as number of teams. Every section has a performance appraisal program for
the members of the teams. It helps to increase the effective working process of employees
and gives a clear understanding of the goal of the team to the member.
Meetings are arranged by GM weekly to discuss about the future plans and past week
progress. Also training sessions for employees are arranged when a new technology is to
introduced.
Jetwing introduced additional benefits to permanent employees by introducing financial
assistance scheme – educational loans, gives facilities to restructuring the Motor vehicle /
motor cycle loan facility to avail the facility to a larger number of employees. A number of
employees were sponsored to follow Executive Diploma in Business, Hotel management
Accounting conducted by jetwing in 2014. Also All employees are entitled to make use of
jetwing’s seven holiday bungalows located across the country, including the Kataragama
property, which was added to the list in 2014. While offering solutions to both job related
and personal matters, jetwing’s grievance handling and counselling process too has
contributed positively towards building a greater sense of belonging among staff.
Jetwing LightHouse carries an employee career development process to motivate its
employees. Annual Performance Appraisal done for the period from 01st January to 31st
December for all jetwing LightHouse employees. The weightage given for achievement of
targets & objectives at the end of the year during Performance Appraisal is 80% and
competency is 20%. Jetwing LightHouse management has decided to introduce a mid – year
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performance evaluation with the view to giving more weightage to achievement of targets
and objectives. Quarterly productivity and behavioural evaluation of employees on contract
basis tasks. To motivate and attract high quality staff they provide an allowance based on the
performance using this quarterly productivity and behavioural evaluation.
Jetwing LightHouse organizes training sessions to develop the skills of employees.
Motivational Lecture was arranged for all Executives by managers of each department.
Awareness on working performance and behaviours training programmes were conducted
for employees. Jetwing LightHouse introduced of Knowledge Management Activities
Jetwing Quiz 2015 - Conducted to cover all OPMCs to cover all related areas. Notably over
300 staff participated for the quiz. Top three winning teams were rewarded with air tickets
to Japan. Psychological counselling session was arranged for security staff for their mental
well-being. Over 20 staff was trained. To improve the customer service and promote Account
Management Discipline - 20 executive staff members were trained.
3.2 Safety and Security
Jetwing LightHouse highly concern about the safety of employees and equipment. All of us
at Jetwing will adhere to safety and health practise to the highest level required whilst we
give emphasis to establish international standards training required will be made available
to all associates to maintain safety and health at the highest international level. Working
towards an accident free environment can be challenging, however, the hotel has continued
to educate employees on occupational health and safety to ensure an accident free
environment, thereby improving productivity by preventing and controlling all forms of
accidents and diseases.
Health and safety is an integral part of everyday life and it is the duty of all employees to
adhere to the following best practices and safety stipulations in order to ensure their own
safety and that of others in the workplace. Employees should comply with all health and
safety guidelines and regulations as stipulated by the hotel Ensuring the correct usage
application of safety devices and protective gear as per the stipulated requirements.
The hotel continues a very powerful security system for its protection. All their hotels will
complete the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) standard certification. Fire
safety and evacuation procedures and standards will be getting in place and tested regularly.
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3.3 5S System
5S system is an effective method for a hotel to reach its targets in an efficient manner.
Jetwing hotel follows 5S process which includes the following.
Sort : Keep near only what you regularly use
Straighten : Find exactly what you need to use in less than 30 seconds
Shine : Have your workplace and equipment ready for immediate use
Standardize : Everyone does each job in the same way and is challenged to improve
Sustain : Everyone does their part to foster a safe, efficient and effective workplace
My Training Experience and Management Experience
In 10th week the preventive maintenance schedule for Era Beach Hotel by Jetwing
was finished.
Figure 3.1: preventive maintenance list for Era beach
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Preventive maintenance check list was prepared for the laundry equipments.
Map was drawn to indicate fire assembly points of the hotel including new parts of
the hotel.
Figure 3.2: Fire assembly point of LightHouse hotel
Pool maintenance check list were prepared by myself and also including with
international standard of pool maintenance.
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CHAPTER 4
4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Summary
We had our 12-week training session at Jetwing LightHouse hotel Galle which is a leading
company in Sri Lankan tourism sector. First week we were visited all departments and got
the knowledge about their activities, how the extension cards are connected and how to
recognize simple faults. During next seven weeks we had our training at engineering
department where we learnt about what are the responsibilities and duties of engineering
department, operating all machines.
During my 12 weeks of training period I had the opportunity of trained in various sections
in Engineering. I was able to train in building service and Maintenance. In these sections I
was able to get knowledge on Air condition system, Bio-mass boiler and diesel boiler,
Sewage treatment plant, maintenance schedule and many more things related to mechanical
engineering and also management theories as well as dealing with people.
We had opportunity to get some idea about beach safety, how to act when fire alarm is
switched on, Duties of IT section, and account department in the hotel. We learnt to identify
colour code, Private automatic branch exchange (PABX) system, Wi-Fi system in the hotel
during time period which is in the IT section. We also had the experience about boiler
service, vapour compression chiller service during that services period we also work with
technicians. We learnt how to combine theory in to practise and how to work with different
types of employees to reach the target. We met different types of customers and employees
when we were on the field. We got a great experience on how to understand and act according
to the situation. We learnt to use tools and equipment in the industry. We worked as a team
with jetwing LightHouse Hotel Galle staff. We gave our ideas in correcting faults.
This report contains about organization, training experience. First chapter describes about
the Jetwing LightHouse Galle. Second chapter describes about the training experience in
Technical and third chapter describes the training experience on Management. Chapter four
contains the Summary and Conclusion. In these chapter two and three about special things
about training experiences, but there are so many things what I learned during my Training
programme.
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4.2 Conclusions Jetwing group is a Sri Lanka’s premier resort brand and a leading name in Sri Lank. I
appreciate the opportunity that Jetwing hotel provide for undergraduate students to improve
their talents and skills. Jetwing hotel showed me how to use theory in practice and how to
manage a team as an engineer. This experience will help me a lot in my future career.
At the university we listen to the lectures, do practical to prove theories and sit for the exams.
After this training session I understood that there is lot more to learn before becoming an
engineer. We should have knowledge on theories, should have technical skills and the most
important thing is we should have humanity. I realized the saying that an engineer is made
up of a theorist, scientist and a technician.
We all had opportunity to gain and develop our soft skills at Jetwing LightHouse Galle. We
learnt how to work with employees at different levels, how to do a work as a team, how to
achieve targets within a given time etc. We were able to gain good experience on
management skills as well. We saw how Jetwing team work corporately with employees to
reach target. We saw that hotel has been able to keep working area clean and neat by
following 5S process. They have gained efficiency in work by that.
Jetwing hotel had a well-planned training process on us such that we could cover all the
sections and take the maximum benefit of 12 weeks. Jetwing group is the company that
provide good service to tourism sector. Therefore, it was a great opportunity for us to be
there and understand the process. Finally, I conclude that the training provided by Jetwing
LightHouse Galle was excellent and I would recommend that to our younger undergraduates
also.
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REFERENCES
Documents and notes provided by Jetwing LightHouse Galle.
Refrigeration and Air conditioning written by C.P Arora
www.ft.lk [Accessed: 16-Apr-2016].
www.silkroad.lk [Accessed: 26-Apr-2016].
http://www.energyefficiencyasia.org/energyequipment/typesofboiler.html[Accessed:
26-Apr-2016].
https://www.myodesie.com/wiki/index/returnEntry/id/3061[Accessed:27-Apr-
2016].
http://www.firesystems.net/ [Accessed: 27-Apr-2016].
http://www.firesystems.net/inspections/sprinkler-systems.htm[Accessed: 27-Apr-
2016].
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment [Accessed: 28-Apr-2016].
http://www.euwfd.com/html/sewage_treatment.html [Accessed: 28-Apr-2016].
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LIST OF CORRECTION
No. Page No. Examiner’s comment Correction done
1 50 Accessed date is not mentioned This error was corrected