participatory research and development on natural resource management
TRANSCRIPT
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1
WELCOME
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I - SEMINAR
ON
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT FOR
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
PRESENTATION BY : BHAGYA VIJAYAN PALB 3120 Sr. M.Sc.(Agril. Extn.)
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GIST OF THE SEMINAR
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Natural Resource Management
• Participatory Research & Development
• Changing Agenda of PR&D
• PR&D in NRM
• Research Studies
• Conclusion
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Natural resources are natural assets/ raw materials occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption. (World Trade Organization)
NATURAL RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION
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OBJECTIVES OF THE SEMINAR
1. To know the concept of Natural Resource Management and Participatory Research
2. To understand and discuss Participatory Research &Development in NRM
3. To review the research studies on PR&D in NRM
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NATURAL RESOURCES?????
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Basis of Origin
BIOTIC
ABIOTIC
On Renewability
RENEWABLE
NON -RENEWABLE
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NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Management of natural resources
1.Community-based Natural Resource Management
2.Adaptive Management
3.Integrated Natural Resource Management
Approaches applied to Natural Resource Management
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OWNERSHIP REGIMES & EXTERNALITY
COMMON PROPERTY
Tragedy of commons
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STATE
PROPERTY
Externality • Positive • Negative
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VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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1.DIRECT VALUATION
2.TRAVEL COST
METHOD
3.HEDONIC PRICING
4.CONTINGENT VALUATION
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KEY DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
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Empowerment Equity
Sustainability Security
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GENESIS OF PR&D• North America & Europe
- (1950’s –’60’s)
Community-based approaches to the creation of
knowledge
• Research – not a dispassionate act but an act of solidarity,
active support and active participation
• International Council for Adult Education -1970’s
• International Participatory Research Network
- (1980’s and 1990’s)
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Epistemological Perspectives Surrounding Participatory Research????
POSITIVISM
CONSTRUCTIVISM
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
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• The researcher and participants collaborate actively in a well defined group process to study and change their social reality. (Whyte, 1989)
•Primary goal : to create an environment and process where context-bound knowledge emerges to develop ‘local theory’
•All members of the organization as well as community can participate
PARTICIPATIVE RESEARCH (PR)
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Participants treat each other as colleagues
The researcher’s role :
co-producer of learning
Researcher has less control over the research design process
Has to be flexible to the perspectives of participants
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IT IMPLIES..................
• Involves a whole range of people
• Subject of the research originates in the community itself
• Goal - radical transformation and improvement of the lives of the people by themselves
• Create greater awareness of their own resources & self-reliant development
• Facilitates accurate and authentic analysis of social reality• Researcher - committed participant and learner
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PR & ITS MAJOR COMPONENTS
1.PEOPLE
2.POWER
3.PRAXIS
13/04/2023 16(Finn, 1994)
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Phases and Activities of PR&D
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Assessment and Diagnosis
Sustaining Local
Innovation
Managing PR&D
Dissemination and Scaling Up
Experimenting With Technology Options
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Promoting and Developing Capacity for PR&D
SYNTHESIS
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
INTEGRATION
SUPPORT MECHANISMS
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•Encompasses : generating, sharing, exchanging, utilizing knowledge
•Synergy
•Sources of knowledge: from local systems to global science•Provides decision-support tools and information
•Holistic perspective : in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management
The Changing Agenda of Participatory Research and Development
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PR: Collaborative Process
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• Brings isolated people together
Validates their experiences
• Presents the knowledge and experiences of the researchers
Contextualizes individual problems or
weakness • Links personal experiences to social realities
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Types of Participation
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PARTICIPATION
CONSULTATIVE
COLLABORATIVE
COLLEGIATE
CONTRACTUAL
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DIALOGUE AND CRITICAL REFLECTION
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*Feature that distinguishes participatory research from other social research - dialogue
*Through dialogue, people come together and participate *Connectedness leads to shared meaning
*Encourages people to voice their perspectives and experiences
*Critically examine the sources and implications of knowledge
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COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF THE
RESEARCH
Suitable timings, non
sceptical, credible
Previous experience
Previous perceptions
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The Changing Agenda of Agricultural Research and Development
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Equitable distribution of benefits
Sustaining productivity gains
Shifting the focus of research
Strengthening the capacity of local farming communities Building
synergy
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Genesis of PR&D in NRM
(Janssen and Goldsworthy, 1996)
1990’s
Natural Resource Management as part of Sustainable development
1980’s
Farming System Research
1970’s
Crop Ecology
Physiology, Pathology , Entomology, Genetics, Agronomy
1960’s
Farm Management Farm Economics, Engineering,Planning
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Understanding PR in terms of NRM
Emergence of two domains
Depends on two critical factors:
(1) Public concern about major issues
(2) Understanding of the interrelations between problems and
the ability to deal with these interactions in the research
methodology
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PR in NRM
An approach that aims at improving livelihoods, agro ecosystem resilience, agricultural productivity and environmental services, which aims to augment social, physical, human, natural and financial capital, by solving complex real-world problems affecting natural resources in agro-ecosystems with the simultaneous participation of researcher and people.
Biosphere
HOMEOSTASIS
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Five Principles of Good Practice in PR for NRM
1. Reflects a clear and coherent agenda
2. Addresses and integrates the complexities and dynamics
3. Applies the triangulation principle
4.Contributes to Planning
5. Based on two-way sharing of information
(Vernooy and McDougall, 2003)
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Four Major Issues addressed by NRM Research
1.Impact orientation• What kind of impact do NRM research projects strive
for?
2.Research focus• What is their research focus and who are the intended
beneficiaries?
3.Pathway/strategy to impact• What is their pathway or strategy to achieve an impact
at the local level?
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IMPACT ORIENTATION
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• Paradoxical situation with regard to impact
• Desired impact remain rather diffuse
• Participatory NRM research requires a strong
impact orientation
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Three major research foci:
(1) The development and assessment of
technologies
(2) The generation of new technology contributes to
policy or management recommendations
(3) Developing approaches for organisational and
local innovation
RESEARCH FOCUS
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PATHWAY/STRATEGY TO IMPACT
• IARCs seek collaboration
(eg; NARC, NGO’s,farmers’ groups )
ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
•Women and marginalised groups neglected
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An Agro -ecological Basis For Natural Resource Management
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•Poverty alleviation
•Food security and self reliance
•Ecological management of productive resources
•Empowerment of rural communities
•Establishment of supportive policies
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LIVELIHOOD SECURITY
Production systems
Processing, marketing and consumption
Genetic resources conservation
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ETHNOSCIENCE & RAPPORT BUILDING
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Learning local categories for
things
Understanding how people use their language
Games and drawings can be
used to elicit information
Nothing but folk knowledge
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INDIGENOUS ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
CONTEXT
BELIEFKNOWLEDGE
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Role of Development Communication
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNINGINTERVENTION
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH
RELATIONSHIP
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Property Rights and NRM
PROPERTY RIGHTS
ASSURANCE
DURATIONEXCLUDABILITY
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TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AND NRM
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Information
Environmental and Price Risk
Wealth
Credit
Labour
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Towards Social and Gender Equity
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• Management of agriculture and natural resources involves interactive roles of diverse social actors•These stakeholders are not homogenous or fixed groups, but differentiated by social categories of gender, class, caste, ethnicity and age•Facilitating the recognition of the social and gendered nature of technologies, policies and interventions•Creating a space for social actors (women and men) to manoeuvre to have more access to, control over, and benefits from natural resources
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PARTICIPATORY GIS
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• Incorporation of GIS in data collection• Integration of local knowledge and
stakeholders’ perspectives
• Integration of social and natural science information using spatial databases in natural resources research and development
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MONITORING AND EVALUATION
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Efficiency
RelevanceEffectiveness
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IMPEDIMENTS
Archaic research and development approach
Lack of indigenous knowledge
Gender inequity Unprecedented approach Tech- unsavvy
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Non cooperation Culture Lag Gender inequality Scepticism Illiteracy
RESEARCHER PEOPLE
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SOME OF THE PARTICIPATORY TOOLS EMPLOYED IN NRM
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GLANCE THROUGH PARTICIPATORY TOOLS EMPLOYED IN NRM
Transect walk
Watershed diagram
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Conflict analysis
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Crop budget
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RESEARCH STUDIES
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I. Measuring the Impact of User Participation in Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Research
Nancy et.al., (2003)
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To assesses the impact of using participatory methods • Three agricultural research projects which have a natural
resource management focus
Mixed methods of participation are used
• Four Areas of Focus
>Adoption and economic impact of project technologies
>Human and social capital among participating individuals and communities
>Feedback to formal research institutions
>Costs of conducting the research
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STAGE CONVENTIONAL CONSULTATIVE EMPOWERING FARMER EXPERIMENTATION
collaborative collegial
Design WN,ICRISAT CIP CIP
Testing ICRISAT CIP,WN
Diffusion ICRISAT CIP CIP,WN CIP,WN,ICRISAT
TYPES OF PARTICIPATION
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:1. INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTRE2. INTERNATIONAL CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SEMI ARID TROPICS3. WORLD NEIGHBOURS SOIL CONSERVATION WORK
METHODOLOGY : PRA TOOLS, Mother baby trial
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User participation was found to
influence priorities and practices Participation led to
greater economic impacts Participation led to
more relevant technologies Use of participatory
methods decreased research costs
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
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II. Combining top-down and bottom-up modelling approaches of land use/ cover change to support public
policies: Application to sustainable management of natural resources in northern Vietnam
Jean Christophe et.al., (2007)
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•To identify efficient modelling approaches of land use/ cover change (LUCC)
•Which will support public policies related to sustainable management of natural resources
•Three modelling methodologies &were applied at same research site
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SAMBA METHODOLOGY
LAND USE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM (LUPAS) METHODOLOGY
CONVERSION OF LAND USE AND ITS EFFECTS (CLUE) METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
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FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
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• More than one tool/ method is needed to address the different aspects of eco-regional analysis
• For better interaction between the different groups of stakeholders more integration between the methods is needed
• (SAMBA) was found to be more efficient
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III. Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resources Management in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand
Cherdpong Kheerajit et.al., (2013)
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Methodology
Secondary data collection, Interview
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To study the effect of participatory development
communication in bringing stakeholders together to address
the problem of dissolution of the environment and natural
resources
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The study centers the following variables
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1.Information sharing
2.Consultation
4.Collaboration
3.Empowerment
5.Behavioural changes
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FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
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Participatory development communication plays significant role in bringing together
Stakeholders
Cost of natural resources management can be lessened if there is
Proper participation
Participatory development communication is correlated to
Knowledge
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CONCLUSION
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Shift from Millennium Development
Goals to Sustainable Development Goals
Dogged progress of Nation
Thrust on food security
Burgeoning population
Collaboration
“Chalein Saath Saath”
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THANK YOU
“Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much” : Helen Keller
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PR