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Pars Oil & Gas Company

Confined Space Entry HSE Procedure

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROCEDURE

DOCUMENT ID - PR-72-POGC-001 REVISION ‐ 0.0

Confined Space Entry HSEProcedure

HSE DepartmentDocument ID.

PR-72-POGC-001Revision

00Pages

26

Confined Space Entry HSE Procedure

Document Authorization

Document CustodianDocument

Authority/OwnerSecurity ClassificationDocument Type

HSEP.O.G.CUnrestrictedSafety Procedure

Approved ByDocument Author

M.AnsariHSE-S593443

HSE-S564392

Pars Oil & Gas Company

PARS OIL & GAS COMPANY

September 2012- Confiend Space Entry HSE Procedure Page 2

Table of contents

1-INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 3 2- PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 3 3- SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 3 4- RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................................... 3 5- PROSEDURES ..................................................................................................................... 5

5.1 Technical Procedure ................................................................................................. 5 5.2 Precautions during work ....................................................................................... 14 5.3 Breathing Apparatus .............................................................................................. 16 5.4 Supervision ............................................................................................................ 18 5.5 Rescue .................................................................................................................... 19 5.6 Emergency Plan ..................................................................................................... 20

6- TRAINING ......................................................................................................................... 20 7- DEFFINITION & ABBREVIATION .............................................................................. 21 8- APPENDIXES .................................................................................................................... 21 SUGGESTION FORM



1. INTRODUCTION :

Pars Oil and Gas Company (POGC), a subsidiary of National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), was established in 1998. POGC is a developmental and manufacturing organization that specializes in the fields of engineering and management of development projects, production, operation and integrated management of oil and gas reservoirs. POGC’s mission is to ensure sustainable and preservative production and development of Iran’s oil and gas industry in the areas under its responsibility, development of oil and gas value chain as well as optimization of energy supply processes at national, regional and international levels. POGC is also in charge of development of joint and non-joint oil and gas fields of the country including South Pars, North Pars, Golshan and Ferdowsi.

Aimed at creating superior value and boosting the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries and with an approach focusing on sustainable, integrated and knowledge-oriented production and development, the company feels committed to comply with national and international requirements, regulations and standards in such areas as quality, safety, as well as occupational and environmental health.

2. PURPOSE This procedure and guidance information has been developed to ensure that all persons entering, inspecting and working in confined spaces are protected against hazardous concentrations of toxic and flammable gases, vapors and oxygen enriched or oxygen deficient working environments.

3. SCOPE This procedure is to be used by all personnel like Management Team, Supervisors, contractors and Subcontractors who supervise and control activities in confined spaces. This procedure will also provide assistance to personnel who carry out the required HSE training to persons, who as part of their duties have to enter, inspect and work in such environments and may be called upon to act in emergency situations.

4. RESPOSIBILITIES

4.1 Site Manager / Production Superintendent / Work Authority The person in charge of the installation is responsible for:

Ensuring that all procedures and safeguards are fully implemented.

Deciding in conjunction with the Safety Authority, the method of cleaning and ventilating as well as the safety precautions (positive isolation) to be carried out to make as safe as reasonably possible the enclose space before entry

Deciding in conjunction with the Safety Authority the method of entry and safety precautions to be taken for entry into a vessel or a confined space.

4.2 Process/Shift Superintendents



The Process/Shift Superintendents are responsible for:

Ensuring that all procedures and safeguards are fully implemented.

Deciding, in conjunction with the Safety Officer and Safety/Environment Engineer, the method of entry and safety precautions to be taken for entry into a vessel or a confined space.

Preparation of the work-site to ensure that activities will be conducted safely

4.3 HSE Manager He is responsible for :

Monitoring the Safety of all working practices.

Ensuring that the task is carried out in accordance with these procedures and also as defined in the document “Permit to Work HSE Manual; Doc. No. MA-64-POGC-001”.

Deciding, in conjunction with the person in charge of the installation the methods for make safe the work place (cleaning, spading, ventilating), spading and ventilating, and safety precautions to be taken for entry into a vessel or confined space.

4.4 HSE Supervisor

Monitoring all personnel and activities inside the vessel or confined space;

Ensuring that all safety equipment as stated on the work permit is at hand and is used correctly

Providing trained stand by-men.

Obtaining the Main Permit to Work and the Complementary Permit; Confined space entry.

Gas testing and training in the use of gas testing equipment.

Monitoring other work operations in the vicinity of the vessel or confined space to ensure that they do not conflict with the entry operation.

Raising the alarm in the event of an emergency. ( He shall be equipped with means of communication with the control room ).

4.5 Stand-By Man

The Stand-By Man is responsible for :

Monitoring all personnel and activities inside the vessel or confined space.

Ensuring that all safety equipment, as detailed on the Permit to Work, is at hand and is used correctly.

Monitoring other work operations in the vicinity of the vessel or confined space to ensure that they do not conflict with the entry operation.

Raising the alarm in the event of an emergency. The Stand-By Man shall be equipped with an appropriate means of communication with the Control Room.



4.6 Contractors:

Contractors shall observe the installation's safety rules and procedures, including Work Permit Procedures. This is a condition of the contract for the job and the contractor shall underwrite this with training, advice and personnel as necessary. The person in charge of the installation shall be allowed sufficient time to consider each job and personally check each stage in the issue of Main and Complementary Permits.

5. PROCEDURE :

5.1 Technical Procedure : For the purpose of safety the term "confined spaces" covers a great variety of workplaces which have limited access and inadequate ventilation. They are therefore potentially dangerous places in which to work because they may trap hazardous concentrations of toxic or flammable gases or vapors. Confined spaces are also liable to become deficient in oxygen due to the build-up of a gas or a vapor which is not itself toxic but which displaces the breathable air. Very often the dangerous atmosphere is a result of the work being done – for instance welding, painting, flame cutting, the use of adhesives and solvents. To ensure the safety of personnel having to work in a confined space the following approach has to be adhered to:

To consider whether the work can be done from outside the confined space, To set up a safe system of work if entry is unavoidable, To put in place emergency arrangements; which will also safeguard rescuers before

starting the work.

Specific risk The adequacy of the safe system of work and of the emergency arrangement should be assessed against the specific risks potentially present in the considered enclose space. This specific risk might be a risk of serious injury to a person arising out of fire and explosion and, without prejudice to this risk, the loss of consciousness of a person due to an increase in body temperature, asphyxiation by gases, or oxygen deficiency. It also covers drowning of a person due to an increase in the level of a liquid, asphyxiation by solid materials which can flow, of entrapment by such substances, so as to render the person unable to reach a safe place.

Safe System of Work Definition: An agreed, set sequence of operations, using guards, safety devices and protective equipment, so as to complete a job safely and without danger to health. The following measures are priorities:

Test atmosphere prior to entry Continuous monitoring at the work place

Maintain contact between operative and attendant in free air who is trained to carry out emergency procedures



5.1.1 General For the purposes of this procedure a confined space is defined as a space not readily accessible to, or entered by, employees or others in the course of their normal duties, which is sufficiently confined to permit the build-up of flammable or harmful gases, vapors or dusts, or in which oxygen deficiency may occur. Such examples are storage tanks, vessels, sumps, flue ducts or any unventilated space. Process plant areas, compartments or spaces containing machinery or vessels, such as compressors, pumps or refrigeration plant etc., which contain harmful process fluids, may also be regarded as confined spaces. Whenever someone is inside a vessel or confined space a stand-by man shall be positioned at, or very close to the entry point. It is essential that personnel are only allowed to enter the confined space when the necessary Work Permit and Complementary Permit have been issued (except for rescue operations).

5.1.2 Work Permit ( Refer to “Permit to Work HSE Manual; Doc. No. MA-64-POGC-001”.) :

A Permit to Work and Complementary Permit for Entry into a Vessel or Confined Space are required before any person can enter, or partially enter, any vessel or confined space. For free entry, i.e. entry without breathing apparatus, the confined space shall be

Completely and positively isolated (Isolation certificates to be issued). Free from any pyrophoric scale or dust. Certified as having a gas free atmosphere (free from flammable vapor, toxic and

suffocating gases). Tested to ensure sufficient Oxygen is present.

The Complementary Permit to Enter an Enclosed Space covers ENTRY ONLY. All other work for :

Effecting an entry to a confined space (including isolation), Undertaking work in a confined space, Effecting closure of a confined space, shall be covered by a Main Work Permit with

any other appropriate Complementary Permits.

A typical main permit to work in relation with a complementary permit to entry should lay down : 1) Methods to be adopted for testing the atmosphere of the confined space. These shall be carried out before:

a) It is certified as being safe to enter b) Safety precautions to be taken on entry are specified.

As far as possible tests should be made from outside the confined space. 2) Instructions as to the monitoring equipment to be taken in for continuous or periodic

monitoring of the atmosphere. 3) The methods by which the confined space to be entered should (if appropriate) be

withdrawn from service and/or adequately isolated so that other personnel cannot open



valves or activate machinery while persons are working in the confined space. Warning notices should be displayed.

4) The precautions to be taken to prevent any potentially dangerous materials from entering while persons are inside, by completely disconnecting the space from every other item of plant or process. This would cover, for instance, the procedure for isolating the confined space to prevent the entry of any substances which could arm the men working therein – for example steam, hot water, fumes, etc. Where the workers in the confined space could be at risk from machinery or any moving parts, the permit-to-work shall certify that the right steps have been taken to isolate all sources of power.

5) Methods by which all solid, liquid or gaseous materials liable to present a hazard to

persons working inside the confined space are to be removed. Cleaning should wherever practicable be done from outside the confined space. Where it is necessary for someone to enter to remove sludge, etc., suitable breathing apparatus and where practicable, a safety line shall be worn, and rescue personnel and equipment shall be available.

The method of cleaning shall depend on the nature of the materials to be removed. When the responsible person opens the entry-permit; it will state the safety measures which have been taken (e.g. isolation, cleaning, purging, testing) and the precautions which he considers necessary for entry (e.g.ventilation, breathing apparatus, lifeline, reviving apparatus). In addition to the main permit to work and associated isolation certificates, a specific complementary permit to entry should be issued for each specific period of entry. This permit shall be opened only after exhaustive tests have been performed to ensure that the atmosphere is safe to breath. These tests should be renewed at periods of time specified on the complementary permit. The gas tester name and the gas testing device identification number should be recorded on the complementary permit form. See the document “GAS TESTING SAFETY PROCEDURE, Doc . No. PR-90-POGC-001” for details.

5.1.2 Entry Signs :

At all points of entry to the vessel appropriate signs shall be placed to show if the vessel is safe to enter. These signs should be removed as soon as the complementary entry permit is cancelled. The sign refer to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) available in appendix 2. The size of this sign can be determine by hse manager.

5.1.3 Hazard Assessment :

In assessing the work and methods available, the first object is to assess whether entry into the plant by personnel is really necessary. CAUTION : ENTRY SHOULD ONLY BE CONSIDERED WHEN NO ALTERNATIVE METHOD IS AVAILABLE .

The process of assessment shall involve consideration of the work required to be done, the methods by which the work can be done, and the hazards inherent in the plant, in relation to the work and the method proposed.



When entry shall be made, the hazards to be considered are : Those presented by the particular item of plant. Its previous use and the work to be performed. Those which will be presented by its proximity to other plant, processes or

operations.

In the context of confined space work the term "nontoxic" can be dangerously misleading. In a small unventilated space any of the whole range of gases and vapors found in industry, in sufficiently high concentration, could create an atmosphere that is not safe to breathe. Contaminants can arise from:

1) The space itself ( leaded petrol tanks) 2) Earlier process (degreasing, in which case a residue of trichloroethylene solvent in

the tank could emit fumes when the sludge is cleaned off). 3) Previous contents. Special care is needed where confined spaces such as tanks have

previously contained flammable, explosive or toxic materials, and where the work is done could create vapor from the remains of the previous contents. This particularly refers to hot work (e.g. cutting and welding) and also to the use of solvents, since "empty" containers invariably contain sufficient residue to create a hazard in such circumstances. It is therefore essential to know the previous contents so that the planned precautions are appropriate for the particular substance.

4) Adjoining plant. Gas or vapor may enter the confined space from adjoining plant if it has not been effectively isolated. To prevent exhausts fumes from entering a confined space and causing a hazard, vehicles should not be sited near the entrance.

5) Nearby undertaking. Where any deep narrow excavation (e.g. borehole) is adjacent to spoil heaps, sewage works, gas works, old drainage systems, chemical works or refineries, there is a danger of seepage into the confined space. Air testing shall be carried out before entry and thereafter at intervals for oxygen deficiency and toxic or flammable gases.

The object of the assessment is to determine what steps should be taken to make the job safe, and what precautions should be adopted. The following procedures provide detailed advice on each particular step.

5.1.4 Withdrawal from services (Process / Utility / Mechanical Electrical Isolation) : Before plant is prepared for entry it shall be withdrawn from service and isolated so that personnel cannot operate valves or equipment which could affect the safety of personnel. To ensure that withdrawal has been completed, it is necessary for the person in charge of the installation to certify this on the Complementary Isolation certificates. This entry should also confirm that all plant operators concerned have been advised on the withdrawal. Warning notices, as appropriate, shall be displayed.



5.1.5 Mechanical isolation : After withdrawing the plant from service, precautions shall be taken to prevent the ingress of potentially dangerous materials. In all cases the space shall be completely disconnected from every other item of plant, and in addition, each pipe inlet or outlet spaded off. As an alternative, a spectacle blind may be used. Isolation points, methods and any special precautions shall be detailed on the Complementary Isolation certificate with an appropriately marked-up P&ID.

5.1.6 Inerting :

Plant containing flammable gas or vapor shall be purged with an inert gas to reduce the amount of flammable material in the space to a level such that when air is introduced, prior to entry; an explosive mixture cannot be produced. There is a danger, however, that the fire and explosion hazard may be replaced by a toxic or asphyxiation risk. Forced air ventilation may be considered. If person(s) shall enter, or even approach the plant, which has been purged with an inert gas, precautions shall be taken to ensure that there is adequate oxygen to support life. The inert gas shall therefore, in turn, be purged by air, and thereafter all parts of the plant shall be tested for oxygen deficiency. Prior to full ventilation with air, any entry shall be made by wearing breathing apparatus Thorough testing is necessary after the admission of fresh air as there may still be a deficiency of oxygen at certain levels due to the tendency of the inert gas to remain there in layers. To assist in the removal of gas producing sludge from the base of the vessel, prior to opening, the inert gas blanket should be maintained at say 2-3 bar (g) and the closed drain cracked open to flush down any material.

5.1.7 Cleaning and Purging :

All materials, solid, liquid or gas, which are liable to present a hazard to persons working inside the vessel or confined space, shall be removed. Special care shall be exercised when cleaning. The cleaning process may have to be repeated several times to ensure that all potentially dangerous materials have been removed. Where it is necessary to enter the vessel to remove any remaining sludge, etc., which is liable to give off dangerous fumes, a Permit to Enter an Enclosed Space shall be used to cover the safety aspects of entry for the cleaning work. Suitable breathing apparatus/airline and, where practicable, a safety line, shall be worn. Rescue equipment and a Stand-By Man shall be available.

5.1.8 Steam Cleaning :

The method of cleaning to be used shall depend on the nature of the materials concerned. In most cases, steam cleaning gives satisfactory results. If the material which is to be removed is not readily volatile, and is non-corrosive, preliminary treatment by repeated washing with water, other suitable solvents, or with a neutralizing agent, may precede steaming.



Where there is solid matter at the bottom of a vessel, a perforated steam pipe may be used to stir up the deposit and assist in its removal. Particular care should be exercised to ensure that all vessel attachments are thoroughly cleaned. The period of steaming should, in all cases, be adequate to remove the dangerous material from the confined space. The precise period should be decided and checked by the person in charge of the installation. It is essential that steaming continues until the dangerous material has been removed, rather than for any particular predetermined time. If the plant has been left for more than a few hours after steaming, it is advisable to re-steam immediately before entry to remove any vapors that may have been liberated from crevices or from small quantities or residues of sludge remaining inside. CAUTION : Dangerous pressure shall not be allowed to build up inside plant during steaming. Adequate outlets for steam and condensate shall be provided. Similarly, adequate air inlets shall be provided after steaming, as vessels have been known to collapse under the vacuum caused by cooling and condensation.

5.1.9 Other cleaning methods

Other methods of cleaning may be used depending on the materials to be removed: – Thorough washing with hot or cold water.

– Use of solvents or neutralising agents.

– Pressure jetting. It is important that no secondary risk is created by the use of, for example, a toxic or flammable solvent, and the subsequent failure to remove all trace of it from the confined space. In such a case, steaming to remove the solvent may be necessary. When cleaning has been completed, all liquid remaining in the confined space shall be drained out and manholes should be opened to allow ventilation. In the case of steam cleaning, this should be done whilst the plant is still hot, to take advantage of convection currents. If natural ventilation is not sufficient to remove the last trace of the vapors, etc., then artificial means, e.g. blower, exhaust fan or compressed air, shall be used. NOTE: Before cleaning completion, any vessel or confined space should be considered "NOT GAS FREE", then any equipment used for cleaning or venting purposes, e.g. steam lance, high pressure jet, or air mover shall be suitably earthed with a bonding wire to prevent the possibility of static discharges from igniting any residual gas. All equipment shall be intrinsically safe.

5.1.10 Atmosphere Testing :

Atmosphere testing of the vessel or confined space shall be carried out before it is certified as being safe to enter.



Entry in to the vessel, or confined space, is to take place within a maximum of one hour of the test otherwise the vessel, or confined space, shall be tested again. The test shall check for the presence of gas or fumes and chemical deposits. Tests shall be made to check the adequacy of the supply of oxygen. A minimum level of O2 of 20% shall be obtained at the outlet of the ventilation. If pre-entry tests indicate that the atmosphere is not safe forced ventilation and extraction shall be introduced to achieve a satisfactory circulation of fresh air, at a supply, which varies according to the circumstances. A rate of 1.5 m3 per person per minute is recommended as desirable; however, the quantity necessary will depend on the concentration of pollutant gases or fumes and the need to dilute or disperse them. Methods can be:

1) by using compressed air: By the use of the compressor and/or compressor and air mover. The compressor should be sited so that its air intake cannot take in contaminated air (for instance exhaust gases from vehicle). The discharge from the compressor air receiver should be fitted with an oil mist filter to clean the air being introduced into the confined space.

2) By using a blower fan and trunking : again the fan intake should be sited so that it cannot take in contaminated air

3) Using an exhaust fan or ejector and trunking (provided there is an adequate supply of fresh air to replace the air exhausted).

In all cases the air line or trunking should reach the bottom of the confined space to ensure removal of heavy gas or vapor and effective circulation of air. It is repeated that oxygen should never be introduced in the confined spaces, because of the extreme fire risk it creates. With an excess of oxygen in the air some substances containing organic matter become liable to spontaneous combustion. Grease and oil, for instance, may self-ignite, and also paint, plastics, textiles, paper and wood. Oxygen in more than its normal proportions in the air also greatly increases the combustibility of all other materials. A fire in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere develops with great speed and ferocity and may be particularly difficult to extinguish. The atmosphere can accidentally become too rich in oxygen as a result of work which releases extra oxygen into the air; for instance, oxy-propane cutting. In no circumstances should oxygen be introduced into a confined space to "sweeten" the air or to provide ventilation. A leak of liquid oxygen or oxygen gas shall be treated as a serious matter. In each case, a satisfactory result shall be obtained before proceeding further.

5.1.11 Gas and Oxygen Testing : Refer to the document “GAS TESTING SAFETY PROCEDURE, Doc . No. PR-90-POGC-001”. The use of the correct test method is important. Portable gas, oxygen and H2S detectors are supplied for this purpose. Alternatively, suitably calibrated chemical detector tubes may be



used. Portable oxygen meters are available to test for the oxygen content. All equipment shall be well maintained, calibrated. A test on the atmosphere using an explosimeter is not satisfactory for assessing possible toxic risks. In the majority of cases, the safe working limits to prevent an explosion are many times greater than the toxic limits. Explosimeters do not operate correctly if the level of oxygen is below 15%. Therefore before opening a vessel to the atmosphere, chemical detector tubes or similar shall be used to determine the level of hydrocarbon present. Before testing, any sludge present shall be disturbed to release trapped gases or vapors. Tests should be made from outside the confined space, drawing the air through long sample probes. Ideally the tests shall be made throughout the whole volume of the space or where the hydrocarbon is most likely to accumulate. If it is necessary for a person to enter a vessel to carry out a test, or before the conclusion of such a test, he shall wear suitable approved breathing apparatus (not a canister respirator), a safety harness and lifeline. The loose end of the lifeline shall be held by a man keeping watch outside, and be capable of pulling him out. Reviving (resuscitation) apparatus ready for immediate use should be available at the point of vessel entry.

5.1.12 Vessels suspected of containing Pyrophoric Iron Sulfide

Pyrophoric Iron Sulfide forms on the inside of carbon steel vessels etc, which have been in contact with Hydrogen Sulfide. In the presence of oxygen it can auto-ignite leading to a fire or explosion. Specific methods for "in situ" burning of pyrophoric products should be used if deemed necessary.

5.1.13 Exposure Limit for Toxics Materials

When testing indicates concentrations of fumes or gases are acceptable it shall not be assumed that the space is safe to enter without special precautions. The concentration of fumes can vary. It may increase as sludge is disturbed or as more fumes leak through from adjacent plant which has not been properly isolated, or may be added to by fumes from a maintenance operation. If there is any doubt as to the possible level to which the concentration may rise, the space should not be certified as safe to enter without breathing apparatus, and the taking of other precautions shall be specified. If concentrations of flammable gas released from sludge, etc., during cleaning operations reach 10% of the Low Explosive Limit (LEL) personnel shall be withdrawn and the vessel or enclosed space further ventilated to reduce the LEL level before re-entry is permitted. With respect to toxic materials reference should be made to relevant guidance with respect to exposure limits. References to find the Exposure Limits are the “National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pocket Guide to Chemicals Hazards”. Exposure limits are defined as either 10 minute or 8 hour T.W.A (Time Weighted Averages). Some important limits are detailed in Table 1.



Below are the Occupational Limits for substances commonly found in the Oil and Gas Industry. There are two limits normally specified; a long term and short term limit Time Weighted Average (TWA). Both are taken to be the average over either an 8 hour period (long term) or over a 10 minute period (short term).

TABLE 1: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS

Substance Long term exposure limit

( 8 hour TWA )

Short term exposure limit

( 10 minute TWA )

PPM mg m-3 PPM mg m-3

Acetone 1000 2400 1250 3000

Ammonia 25 18 35 27

Benzene 10 30 - -

Butane 600 1430 750 1780

Carbon dioxide 5000 9000 15000 27000

Carbon monoxide

50 55 400 440

Chlorine 1 3 3 9

Hydrogen Sulphide

10 14 15 21

LPG 1000 18000 1250 2250

Methanol 200 260 250 310

Oil mist, mineral - 5 - 10

Paraffin wax - 2 - 6

Pentane 600 1800 750 2250

Welding fumes - 5 - -

Many gases, vapours and fumes, when present at high concentrations in air, act simply as asphyxiates by reducing the Oxygen content by dilution to such an extent that life cannot be supported. Monitoring the Oxygen content is the best way of ensuring safety i.e. not less than 18%. Particular care should be taken with heavy gases such as argon, as these can accumulate in low lying areas where ventilation is poor.



Many asphyxiates, methane for example, also present a fire and explosion hazard. The limits for fire Lower Exposure Limit (LEL) are usually lower than those for asphyxiation.

5.1.14 Certification The person in charge of the installation shall take a decision on the method of entry into the confined space in conjunction with the Safety authority. They shall take account of all the factors likely to affect the safety of the operation including:

They shall also decide in the light of their knowledge and experience whether:

The space is safe for entry without breathing apparatus for a specified period and with certain other precautions.

Breathing apparatus and a lifeline should be worn and other precautions taken. The Work Permit is then completed stating:

The safety measures which have been taken (e.g. isolations, cleaning, purging, testing).

The precautions which are considered necessary for entry into the space (e.g. ventilation, breathing apparatus, lifeline, reviving apparatus, rescuing equipment & personnel), and the time of expiry of the Permit.

The limitations of the Permit regarding the plant to which it refers. The type of operation to be carried out.

If work has not been completed before the expiry of the Work Permit certificate, and revalidation/re-issue is, therefore, required, the person in charge of the installation shall visit the site and satisfy himself (by further testing if necessary) that conditions have not materially altered since the last issue of the Permit. If they have, he shall re-assess the situation and specify what further precautions are needed to ensure safety. A pre job safety meeting shall be held with all personnel who are involved in the operation.

5.2 Precautions during work: 5.2.1 Entry without breathing apparatus

Before entry into a vessel etc. without breathing apparatus is allowed the following conditions shall be met : – LEL - less than 1% – Oxygen - more than 20% – Hydrogen Sulphide - less than 1 PPM – Carbon Monoxide - less than 1 PPM When any work is being carried out inside a vessel, the atmosphere shall be constantly monitored using an oxygen monitor; for hot work, in addition to an oxygen monitor, a flammable gas detector shall be used. If a vessel has sufficient top and bottom opening, then natural ventilation may be sufficient, but in most cases, some form of mechanical ventilation should be permanently maintained.



The provision of ventilation in this manner is not an alternative to the use of breathing apparatus where gases, etc., are likely to be present to the extent that persons could be overcome. The method of ventilation and the quantity of air required depend on the individual circumstances and shall be prescribed by the Safety Authority on the Work Permit. Whenever there is a danger of static discharge, earthing and bonding of trucking and/or air lines to the metal work of the confined space is necessary. Whilst a worker is inside a confined space, he shall be kept under constant observation by a Standby Man outside. If the worker is wearing a lifeline, care should be taken to ensure that it does not become entangled on pipes and fitting `inside the plant. According to the nature of the work and the risk, the working spell shall be interrupted by rest periods, during which the worker is able to leave the space and be in the open air. He shall leave the space when the time limit stated on the Work Permit has expired, unless or until the Safety Supervisor / Authority has re-certified it as being safe for entry for a further specified period. Carrying out a job in a confined space often entails working in cramped conditions, so work shifts should be broken at intervals by rest periods which the worker should spend in fresh air. He shall in any case leave the confined space at the expiry of the time limit on the permit-to-work. CAUTION : In all cases, even when certified as safe to enter without Breathing Apparatus, Escape sets shall be kept close at hand inside the vessel, or enclosed space, and the atmosphere shall be constantly monitored.

5.2.2 Entry where breathing apparatus(BA) is necessary

Breathing apparatus should fit well and be worn properly. When using an air line type of breathing apparatus, the Standby Man shall be positioned at the airline set(s) to monitor pressures, and to change over and replace bottles as required. Apparatus of the canister respirator/ cartridge type nor escape sets (these are for escape purposes only) shall not be used for any of the operations described in this Procedure. Such equipment does not provide adequate protection against high concentrations of contaminants, and in the case of respirators which are useless in atmospheres where there is a deficiency of oxygen. For entry into a vessel, or confined space, with breathing apparatus the following conditions shall be met:

Flammable Gas (LEL) < 10% of LEL (at ventilation outlet) Oxygen - any level H2S < 20 PPM CO < 250 PPM

People wearing breathing apparatus in confined spaces have sometimes been caught in fires and explosions. As a safeguard, it is essential to maintain adequate forced ventilation to



prevent the concentration of a flammable gas or vapor rising above one quarter of its lower explosives limit. It is considered good practice to maintain the flammable gas concentration at below 10% of the LEL. This allows a wider safety margin if the gas concentration could fluctuate widely. The efficiency of the ventilation should be monitored by testing the atmosphere frequently with a correctly calibrated or explosimeter, or similar testing device. "No smoking-no naked lights" shall be the rule in and near all confined space operations. Only non-sparking tools shall be used and no nylon lines or nylon clothing allowed because of the danger of generating a spark from static electricity. All electrical tools and lighting shall be of the flameproof or intrinsically safe type. Cylinders containing gases, or any lines or equipment connected to cylinders outside the confined space, should be removed at meal breaks, shift changes or whenever that space is left unattended. In addition to wearing breathing apparatus, the person entering the confined space shall, where practicable, wear a safety harness and lifeline. The free end of the lifeline shall be held by the person outside the space. If the person inside the vessel is not visible to the Standby Man, then means of communications such as radios shall be used. The person outside shall be in constant attendance when work is being done inside the confined space. In an emergency the duty of the Standby Man is to raise the alarm, contact control room and then attempt to pull the person out if practicable. It is not the usual role of the Stand-by man to don the rescue equipment and enter the vessel; this is normally the role of the Emergency personnel who are summoned by the Control Room. Whoever enters the vessel to aid in the rescue shall be fully trained in the use of that equipment. The harness and line shall be worn so that the wearer can be drawn up head first through any manhole or opening. The harness and lifeline should be of suitable construction and quality so that they are quite able to withstand the strain likely to be imposed on them. To perform any inspection or cold work in confined space, it is essential that the concentration of a flammable gas or vapor is not allowed to rise above 10% of its Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). This is done by adequate forced ventilation; the precise rate is calculated with reference to the anticipated maximum rate of evolution of the gas or vapor. The adequacy of the ventilation shall be assessed by testing the atmosphere with a correctly calibrated explosimeter.

5.3 Breathing Apparatus: Wearing B.A. Sets

1) Donning a B.A. Set Breathing Apparatus (B.A. Sets) shall be donned, leak-tested and started up in accordance with the manufacturers’ instruction for the particular set in use. The following general conditions, however, shall be adhered to:

B.A. Sets shall be donned and started up in fresh air. Members of the rescue or fire fighting team standing by the B.A. Control, shall

remain in fresh air and not don their breathing apparatus until required to do so.



Men shall not remove their face masks until they reach an uncontaminated atmosphere.

The following Procedure applies to the majority of B.A. Sets:

Visually check that the equipment is complete and rest the cylinder(s) on a firm surface at about waist height.

Pull the cylinder onto the back by putting the arms through the shoulder straps. Tighten the waist belt. Adjust all straps for security and comfort. Open the cylinder valve fully. TEST: Check the pressure gauge reading. If the pressure is less than five-sixths

of its potential maximum contents, the B.A. Set shall not be used, unless no other adequately charged set is available and an emergency exists.

Give name and the B.A. cylinder pressure to the B.A. Controller. B.A. Controller records the user’s name and cylinder pressure on the B.A. set

identification sheet. Put on the face mask. Adjust the head harness straps. To adjust the face mask, tighten the lower straps first, followed by the upper

straps. The straps shall not be over-tightened. TEST: Check for positive pressure by opening the demand valve to positive

pressure, and gently lifting the face mask seal off the cheek to ensure that air flows out of the mask.

TEST: Allow the face mask to re-seal, and hold your breath. There shall be no outward leakage from the exhalation valve, denoted by the noise of a constant flow of air from the valve.

TEST: Check for leaks in the face mask, exhalation valve, speech diaphragm, operation of whistle, and other fitting by closing the cylinder valve, and continuing to breathe until the air in the valve and mask is exhausted.

When it is impossible to inhale, the cylinder valve shall be immediately fully re-opened.

TEST: Ensure that the audible warning device (whistle) is serviceable. TEST: Re-check the pressure of the cylinder.

IF ANY OF THE ABOVE TESTS FAIL – THEN THE B.A. SET SHALL NOT BE USED.

2) Accidental Removal of a B.A. Set Face Mask To prevent the inhalation of smoke or toxic gases, the face mask shall not be removed in any contaminated atmosphere. If a face mask is accidentally dislodged in these conditions, the wearer shall hold his breath and immediately replace the mask. If for any reason there may be a delay in doing so, the wearer must contact another member of the crew and be accompanied to fresh air as quickly as possible. Although he may not feel any ill-effect from the contaminated air inhaled, victims, particularly of



carbon monoxide poisoning, may not be aware of the presence of the gas until it is too late. 3) Closing Down a B.A. Set When the wearer has returned to fresh air, and after checking in with the B.A. Controller and obtaining his B.A. tally, the procedure for closing down the set is as follows: If the set is provided with a positive / negative pressure control valve, then turn the set to negative pressure, remove the face mask, and turn off the cylinder at the main valve. If the set does not have this facility, then the following applies: Slacken off the head straps and remove the face mask Close the cylinder valve. Stow the cylinder as directed by the Safety Officer to ensure that it is recharged

before re-use.

Members of Fire Fighting or Rescue Teams must be trained and practised in: – Individual use of Breathing Apparatus. – Operating as a team, including those involved in the front line action, and those

supporting them. – Management of an Entry Control Board.

5.3.1 Breathing apparatus, escape mask Inspection and Test :

Inspection Routine inspection of all respiratory protection equipment and reserve cylinders on the apparatus shall be performed weekly in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer of the specific respiratory protection equipment.

Inspection and functional test Monthly inspection of respiratory protection equipment shall be conducted and shall include a check of the entire unit for deteriorated components, air tightness of cylinders and valves, gauge comparison, reducing valve and by-pass valve operation, and a check of the regulator, exhalation valve, and low air alarm. The B. A. shall be then cleaned and returned to service.

Inspection and operational test Inspection and operational test of respiratory protection equipment shall be conducted by the user before and after each use. After each use, the entire device shall be cleaned; the face piece and breathing tube shall be sanitized. All breathing apparatus, masks, specific equipment shall be cleared and stored in a fresh and clean location after work. Masks shall be cleared with alcohol before any new use by another person. All breathing apparatus shall be regularly checked specially hoses.

5.4 Supervision

The intervention supervisor is assigned to monitor the activities in the confined space and the surrounding area for hazardous conditions. This individual shall be properly trained, be



an assigned member of the work group and named on the permit and will have the following additionally duties.

Shut down or start up air compressor. Shut down welding machines, grit blaster, blowers, pumps, etc, during an emergency situation.

Shut off oxygen or acetylene / propane (or other gases as may be required during an emergency situation).

Keep close watch on breathing air supply and pressure. Maintain rescue equipment as follows:

- Full body harness attached to lifeline. - Whistle / Radio communication between personnel performing the work and

standby personnel. - Emergency rescue personnel on standby if necessary. - Breathing apparatus with external air supply. - Extinguishers.

Maintain log-in/log-out book for all confined space personnel movements. Standby personnel will initial on confined space permit that the duties assigned are

understood. All confined space activities will be monitored by the log-in/log-out sheet maintained at the confined space opening. The following requirement applies:

All personnel entering/existing the confined space will log-in/log-out on the confined space log.

The log will be maintained by the intervention supervisor. Any discrepancies within the log sheet will void a permit.

All work operations will cease and the permit voided if the following situations occur:

Oxygen level, LEL or toxic levels are not compliance with 6.15. Intervention Supervisor is required to leave area for any reason and cannot be

replaced. Designated personnel void permit. Operational upset or emergency alarm is sounded. All permits are void and shall be

reissued when emergency is over. Log book entries are inaccurate.

Permit requirement is not followed by personnel involved with work activities. Stormy weather.

5.5 Rescue

Equipment and trained personnel shall be readily available for rescue purposes at all times when a person is inside a confined space. The equipment available should include additional sets of breathing apparatus, lifelines, and resuscitation apparatus. Where limitations on entry have been specified, these shall also be applied to entry for the purposes of rescue.



If, however, entry has been allowed without breathing apparatus, and the person inside has been overcome, it shall be assumed that entry for rescue is unsafe without breathing apparatus. The Standby Man and men likely to form a rescue team shall be adequately trained in the risks involved and artificial respiration. Oxygen shall not be used to improve the atmosphere inside a confined space after a person has been overcome. Many gases and vapors, when present at high concentrations in air, act simply as asphyxiates by reducing the oxygen content by dilution to such an extent that life cannot be supported. Monitoring the oxygen content is the best way of ensuring safety i.e. not less than 18%. Particular care should be taken with heavy gases such as Argon as these can accumulate in low lying areas where ventilation is poor. Many asphyxiates present a fire and explosion hazard, i.e. methane. The limits for fire i.e. LEL; are usually lower than those where asphyxiation is likely.

5.6 EMERGENGY PLAN :

If a worker is unable to evacuate the confined space during an emergency, the hse manager attendant will contact rescue personnel by radio or other means .The hse manager attendant and other workers outside the confined space should attempt to hoist the worker out of the confined space using a lifeline.

6. TRAINING : Work in confined spaces shall only be undertaken by personnel who have been properly trained for the job. It is the site manager duty to ensure that instruction, training and supervision required are given to every personnel involved in the work. Training shall be planned specifically for:

1) Supervision. 2) Persons who will be expected to enter confined spaces to work in them. 3) Persons who will act as attendants. 4) Persons appointed to form a rescue team.

In addition to any specialized training for particular tasks, general training for work in confined spaces should include:

1) Observance of the safe system of work (permit-to-work): main and complementary permits.

2) Instruction on the suitable types of breathing apparatus, and practice in their use, care and maintenance.

3) Instruction in the use of atmosphere testing equipment. 4) Training in the procedures for rescue, including the correct use and maintenance of

rescue equipment. 5) Instruction in first aid, treatment of shock…



6) Instruction and practice in the correct procedures in emergencies, especially evacuation.

7) Instruction and practice in the correct use of fire fighting equipment. Practice drills are an essential part of training. Theoretical knowledge is not enough to ensure that the right action will be taken in a real emergency. The use of breathing apparatus especially should be practiced regularly, also the procedures for emergency evacuation. The drill should ensure that employees acquire a sound working knowledge of the signal communicating system to be used between persons working in the confined space and those in attendance outside. It is important that employees should learn to recognize situations requiring the use of respiratory protective equipment, and be able to identify the appropriate atmosphere testing equipment.

7. Definition and Abbreviation :

N/A 8. APPENDIXES : Appendix 1 : CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PLANNING GUIDE

Appendix 2 : Confined Space Sign



Appendix 1 :CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PLANNING GUIDE This guide should be used by Worksite Supervisors as a checklist of points to considered and actions required during the planning and preparation stages before work in a confined space commences. Hazard Identification

Check for:

general hazards

bad/poor visibility and lighting

oxygen deficiency

flammable/toxic gases/liquids

Permit Controls

Specific permit:

tests for oxygen levels and harmful gases (specify types of gas)

position of barriers and warning signs

systems to be isolated ( mechanical and/or electrical )

identity of isolation certificates

identity of confined space entry certificate

continuous monitoring of oxygen content (stop work if oxygen level falls below 20% or monitoring instrument fails)

personal protective equipment to be used

Other Hazards

Check for:

exposure to falls from height

special hazards identified in Safety Case

hazardous substances ( radioactive sources inert gas – nitrogen fibrous material )

manual handling of heavy, awkward objects

any other hazard not listed above

Communication

Ensure:

all members of workforce are briefed

briefing covers permit contents, hazards, controls

Control Checks

Confirm:

gas cylinders not to be taken into the confined space

torches to be removed when not in use

emergency procedures explained and understood

access and escape route are clear

ventilation and/or breathing equipment arrangements made

worksite and surrounds checked for unsecured objects

illumination adequate



Appendix 2 : Confined Space Sign :



SUGGESTIONS FOR THE POGC CONFINED SPACE ENTRY SAFETY PROCEDURE

MANAGER, HSE Department Pars Oil & Gas Company Tehran I.R. Iran Please consider the following suggestion(s) relative to the POGC Confined space entry safety procedure: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ (Signature) ________________________________________ (Date) ________________________________________ (Address) ________________________________________ Contact Telephone Number ________________________________________ Contact FAX Number

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