Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian Cancer By:Stephanie CarreraDeena Kishawi Riyan YanesAnna ZurekParts that need to be segmented and worked on by group members:

Introduction including the cover slideWhat it is how you get this type of cancerwho is at risk2) Normal function of system3) Explanation of illness in conjunction to what we have learned in lectureCauses4) ConclusionresearchtreatmentetcSources slidediscussion questions

Below everyone should write what portion of the ppt they will work on. Also, we should all speak for about 2.5 minutes to make sure the time requirement is met. If you guys feel like more slide topics should be added go right ahead and add. Also, make sure to look at the handout we received in accordance to the the project to make sure we all meet the guidelines

Roles:

Riyan- I have already started the introduction (listed in red) so I will be responsible for that portion. If you guys think I should add anything else to the intro let me know and just list it. I will just upload it all when I am completely done so it is all there to view since i am currently working on it in microsoft ppt.

Anna- You are left with role number 3 since everyone else claimed their parts. Make sure to relate class material into your discussion of the illness and it effects.Stephanie- I accidently deleted the part of the conclusion but I can do that Deena- Ill do the discussion questions and work on the normal function of the system. My friend did a presentation on this a few months ago at her school so shell send me her slides so we can look at them too

Normal Function and PhysiologyGonads

Contain eggsThe ovaries are the gonads found in females. They are the primary reproductive organs and they consist of two small ovular shaped organs that are attached to the uterus (one on each side) and connected to fimbria (the tissue). The ovaries contain a females lifetime supply of eggs (gametes) Normal Function and PhysiologyEndocrine functionEstrogenProgesterone Relaxin

The ovaries also have endocrine functions. They secrete estrogen and progesterone.

Estrogen - when secreted, allows for the development of primary sex characteristics; breast development, fat distribution in hips, thighs, and breasts. Estrogen levels fall rapidly during menopause

Progesterone - helps prepare the body for pregnancy by causing uterine lining to thicken; also prevents the uterine contractions that may potentially disturb the growing embryo; also prepares the breasts for lactation

Relaxin - loosens the pelvic ligaments to prepare the body for labor

Physiology of the Disorder What is cancer?group of diseasesmutation uncontrolled proliferation evasion of apoptosisangiogenesis

uncontrolled proliferation - growth signal autonomy, unlimited replicative potentialevasion of apoptosis (programmed cell death) - ignoring growth inhibitory signals and the normal cell cycleangiogenesis - formation of new blood vesselsimage - University of BirminghamPhysiology of the Disorder

METASTASIShttp://www.unc.edu/depts/our/hhmi/hhmi-ft_learning_modules/cancermodule/pages/cancer.htmlnormal cell growth mutation cancerous growth forms tumor tumors bud and spread thorough the bodyPhysiology of the Disorder symptoms often absent in the early stagespersistent abdominal painurinary symptomsbloating/weight lossupset stomachmenstrual changesfatigue

urinary symptoms - having to go often, always feeling like its time to goif symptoms occur more than 12 times per month time to see a doctorSite of OriginMajor Types of Ovarian CancerEpithelial ovarian cancerGerm cell ovarian cancerStromal ovarian cancer

(ova)(structural tissue cells) Possible Causesrisk factors rather than solid causes

age genetics inherited mutations acquired mutations ovulation pregnancy, birth control - lower risk

BRCA1 BRCA2chemicals?radiation?Acquired mutation: A genetic change that occurs in a single cell after the conception of an individual. That change is then passed along to all cells descended from that cell.BRCA1 BRCA2 - genes that produce tumor suppressor proteins. These proteins help repair damaged DNA and, therefore, play a role in ensuring the stability of the cells genetic material. When either of these genes is mutated, or altered, such that its protein product either is not made or does not function correctly, DNA damage may not be repaired properly. As a result, cells are more likely to develop additional genetic alterations that can lead to cancer.rests from ovulation - reducing a womans overall exposure to estrogen.

DiscussionSome researchers think that there may be some relationship between ovulation and the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Why do you think this is?CA-125 is a protein found in blood. Many women with ovarian cancer exhibit high levels of CA-125. Why is this not the best alternative for screening?Hormone therapy has had successful outcomes in treating ovarian cancer. How is Tamoxifen, a drug often used to treat breast cancer, used to treat ovarian cancer? (Think about Tamoxifens anti-estrogen activity)Why is taking birth control or being pregnant a risk reducer for ovarian cancer?Ovarian cancer is often very difficult to diagnose. What are some potential ways that we can make this a less difficult diagnosis?Discussion Questions: Some researchers think that there may be some relationship between ovulation and the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Why do you think this is?CA-125 is a protein found in blood. Many women with ovarian cancer exhibit high levels of CA-125. Why is this not the best alternative for screening?Hormone therapy has had successful outcomes in treating ovarian cancer. How is Tamoxifen, a drug often used to treat breast cancer, used to treat ovarian cancer? (Think about Tamoxifens anti-estrogen activity)Why is taking birth control or being pregnant a risk reducer for ovarian cancer?Ovarian cancer is often very difficult to diagnose. What are some potential ways that we can make this a less difficult diagnosis?ConclusionTreatmentsSurgeryChemotherapyRadiotherapyNew ResearchScreeningGene Therapy

TreatmentsSurgeryEarly Ovarian Cancer (Stage 1)

Advanced Ovarian Cancer (Stages 2 and 3)Total Abdominal HysterectomyBilateral Salpingo OophorectomyDebulking

TreatmentsChemotherapyDependent on cancer stageUsually after surgeryIntravenous 6 weeksTaxolCarboplatin

TreatmentsRadiotherapyUncommonPost-surgeryStages 1-2

New ResearchScreeningCurrent method ineffective CA-125 Test

New ResearchGene TherapyInhibiting RNA molecules target CD44 protein

Works CitedJournals:Rauh-Hain, J. A., Krivak, T. C., del Carmen, M. G., & Olawaiye, A. B. (2011). Ovarian Cancer Screening and Early Detection in the General Population. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4(1), 1521. Shah, V., Taratula, O., Garbuzenko, O. B., Taratula, O. R., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, L., & Minko, T. (2013). Targeted Nanomedicine forSuppression of CD44 and Simultaneous Cell Death Induction in Ovarian Cancer: an Optimal Delivery of siRNA and Anticancer Drug. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 19(22), 10.1158/10780432.CCR 131536. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1536 Organization Website: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/about-nciAdditional Websites:http://www.unc.edu/depts/our/hhmi/hhmi-ft_learning_modules/cancermodule/pages/cancer.htmlhttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide/ovarian-cancer-what-causeshttp://bionews-tx.com/news/2014/07/17/new-route-for-ovarian-cancer-spread-uncovered-by-md-anderson-researchers/http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/ovarian-cancer/

http://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-ovarieshttp://www.femalehealthmadesimple.com/FileFourFinal.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19514070http://medtwice.com/normal-ovarian-function/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150525151141.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/ovarian_cancer/article.htmhttp://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/basics/definition/con-20028096http://www.webmd.com/ovarian-cancer/ss/slideshow-ovarian-cancer-overviewhttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/news/fda-approves-avastin-for-advanced-ovarian-cancerhttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/news/fda-approves-lynparza-olaparib-for-some-ovarian-cancershttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide/ovarian-cancer-treating-hormone-therapyhttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide/ovarian-cancer-after-follow-uphttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide/ovarian-cancer-detectionhttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide/ovarian-cancer-what-causeshttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide/ovarian-cancer-what-is-ovarian-cancerhttp://www.mdanderson.org/patient-and-cancer-information/cancer-information/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/index.html