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OVARIANCANCER/TUMORS

NAME:MUHAMMAD IRFANSUBJECT:REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

DATE:18/04/2012


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OBJECTIVES

1) Define ovarian cancer2) Explain the types of ovarian cancer

3) Explain the causes and risk factors of ovariancancer.

4) Describe the Sign and Symptoms of ovariancancer

5) List the investigations required.

6) Describe management of ovarian cancer

medical managementsurgical management

7) Describe nursing management of ovariancancer


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Ovarian cancer

An ovarian tumor is a growth of abnormal cellsthat may be either noncancerous (benign) or

cancerous (malignant). Although benign tumorsare made up of abnormal cells, these cells don'tspread to other body tissues (metastasize).whilemalignant cells can spread to other parts of body

such as abdomin,uterine tubes and uterus etc.


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Types of ovarian cancerThere are more than 30 types and subtypes of

ovarian cancer. Each of these types has its owndiseased tissues, behavioral tendencies, andappearance.

The types of groups of ovarian cancer are:

Germ cell tumors:Tumor which originate from cells that aresupposed to form eggs inside the ovary.

Epithelial tumors:Epithelial tumors are those which arise from cellsthat line or are found around the ovaries.


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Stromal ovarian cancer (sex cordstromal tumors) - develops within the cellsthat hold the ovaries together.

Cancers from other organs in the bodycan spread to the ovaries - metastaticcancers - a metastatic cancer is one thatspreads from where it first arose as a primary

tumor to other locations in the body.


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Causes and Risk factors Family history

Age

High number of total lifetime ovulations

Late start of menopause

Early start of menstruation (early menarche)

Never having taken the contraceptive pill

Infertility or fertility treatment

Breast cancer

HRT (Hormone replacement therapy)

Foods high in acrylamide

Obesity/overweight

Endometriosis


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Sign and symptoms of ovarian cancer

abdominal discomfort

pressure or pain

abdominal swelling

change in bowel habits feeling full after a light meal

gas

upset stomach

feeling that the bowel has not completelyemptied


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cont pain in lower back or leg

more frequent or urgent urination

abnormal vaginal bleeding

pain during intercourse

Unexplained back pain that worsens over time

Vaginal bleeding that occurs in between periods

Weight gain or loss


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Lab investigations

Physical exam

Pelvic exam

Blood tests

Ultrasound Biopsy

CA-125

Computed tomography

Barium enema x-rayMagnetic resonance imaging

Transviginal ultrasound


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Medical management

Stage 1 ovarian cancer,women typically receiveirradiation or chemotherapy after surgery todestroy cancer cells that may spread into

abdominal cavity.womens with stage 2 or higher ovarian cancer

ovarian cancer receive systemicchemotherapy,with inclusion of pelvic andpossibly abdominal radiation.


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Surgical management

TAH-BSO:TAH-BSO is the surgery ofchoice. partial or completeomentectomy,and removal of all visible

tumors.


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Nursing care of ovarian cancer

Assessment:


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Nursing interventions Administer anxiolytic and analgesic medications

as prescribed and provide support throughoutthe diagnostic process.

Administer or teach the patient or caregiver toadminister antiemetics as needed for nausea andvomiting due to chemotherapy.

Encourage small, frequent, bland meals or liquidnutritional supplements as able. Assess the needfor I.V. fluids if patient is vomiting.

Prepare the patient for body image changes

resulting from chemotherapy. Encourage the patient to prepare ahead of time

with turbans, wig, hats, and so forth.


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Cont

Stress the positive effects of the patientstreatment plan.

Prepare the patient for surgery as indicated. Postoperatively, reposition frequently and

encourage early ambulation to promote comfortand prevent adverse effects.

Explain to the patient that ovary removal willcause menopausal symptoms.

Tell the patient that disease progression will bemonitored closely by laboratory tests and that asecond-look laparoscopy may be necessary.


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