origins of islam muhammad the prophet arabian peninsula –mecca and medina revelations of muhammad...
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Origins of Islam
• Muhammad the prophet• Arabian Peninsula
– Mecca and Medina
• Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion
• Monotheistic faith
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Muhammad
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Spread of Islam• Started on the Arabian
Peninsula• Spread across Asia and
Africa and into Spain• Geographic extent of
First Muslim empire• Trade and Conquest• Expanded rapidly
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The spread of Islam
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Beliefs, Traditions, and Custioms
• Monotheism
• Allah, Arabic word for God
• Quran (koran) The word of God – Written only in Arabic
• Acceptance of Judeo-Christian Prophets– Abraham, Moses, and Jesus
• Five Pillars of Islam
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Five Pillars
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Five Pillars of Islam
• Faith
• Pray
• Almsgiving
• Fasting during the month of Ramadan
• Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca
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Geographic influence
• Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina
• Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers
Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia
• Facilitated by weakening of Byzantine and Persian Empires
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Muslim Influences on Economic, social,& political development
• Arabic language spread with Islam and Facilitated trade across Islamic lands
• Arabic language stimulated intellectual activity
• Slavery was not based on race
• Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short lived.
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Historical Turning Points
• Sunni-Shi’s Division– Split over the question of who should have succeeded
Mohammed– Successor of Muhammad– Sunni (Majority) is selected or elected– Shi’s (Minority) successor must be direct descendant
of the Prophet’s family
• Muslim conquest of Jerusalem and Damascus• Battle of Tours
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Art and Architecture
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Cultural Contributions and Achievements
• Translation of ancient texts into Arabic
• Universities• Arabic alphabet
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Islamic Architecture
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Mosacis
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Scientific Contributions and Achievements
• Arabic numerals ( adapted from India) including zero
• Algebra• Medicine• Expansion of
geographic knowledge