the prophet muhammad (peace be upon him). arabia before muhammad mecca important trade stop and...
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Arabia before Muhammad
Mecca•important trade stop and religious center of Arabia•people settle there because of the fresh water well•location of Kabba (shrine with 300 religious idols)
Arabs•majority of Arabia’s first inhabitants were Bedouins•Biblical tradition: Arabs are Semites (descendants of Noah’s son •Koran tradition: Arabs are descendants of Abraham’s son Ishmael•Valued camels above all else•no strong central government
Quraysh•powerful local tribe of Arabs•Encouraged Tribes to deposit idols in the Kabba and protect them for a feeCartoon
Muhammad’s call to ProphethoodMuhammed’s Early Life
•born into Hashim family of the powerful Quraysh tribe sometime between AD 570 and 580•angels told mother, Amina, to name child Muhammad (highly praised)•father died before birth, mother @ 4•raised by Uncle, Abu Talib•as a young man, he worked for a wealthy widow Khadija•married Khadija and had 7 children only one daughter Fatima survived•had reputation as a seeker of solitude
Spreading the word of Allah
Muhammad’s Teachings•Major points of Muhammad’s public teachings1.There was only one God (Allah) and all should submit to him2. all believers in God were equal3. the rich should share with the poor4. people should live righteously5. all people would be subjected to a Judgement Day
Miracles•passed through the seven levels of heaven in the “Night Journey”•brought forth a spring in Mecca
Disagreements
•wanted to abolish idolatry yet most people of Mecca did not•critical of wealthy merchants who controlled most of the money and power in Mecca
Protection for Prophet
•he was able to remain in Mecca because of his powerful and respected familyCartoon
Emigration to Madinah
Muhammad’s Welcome•Prophet was welcomed by Jews and Arabs of Yathrib•both groups hoped Muhammad could prevent a civil was from breaking out •renamed Yathrib - Medina•believers in Islam began to call themselves Muslims (those who submit to the will of God)
•Muhammad hoped Islam could win new converts•some Jewish leaders did not accept Muhammad as God’s latest prophet•Jews, who opposed Muhammad were expelled from Medina•at first Muhammad told Muslims to pray in the direction of Jerusalem but later changed it to the Kabba in Mecca
The Hijrah•Muhammed left after death of wife and Abu Talib•Traveled to oasis city of Yathrib•this journey marks the the beginning of Islam and the Muslim calendar
Conflict in Medina Cartoon
Return to Mecca
Outcomes of the Battle of Badr•more battles were fought in the years that followed the Battle of Badr•Medina taken over by angry Meccan’s•AD 630 Muhammad and supporters capture Mecca•idols and other pagan relics are destroyed and the Kabba rededicated to Allah•632 Muhammad makes his last journey to Mecca - called the hajj•every detail of his actions on the event were noted and imitated by his disciples•the rites and ceremonies of the hajj became standard practice for all Muslims
As more people accepted Islam, the Quraysh
became hostile toward Muslims
Muhammed’s army though
tremedsously outnumbered, won the Battle
of Badr
Battle of Badr
Cartoon
Islam as a Way of LIfeThe Five Pillars of Faith
Shahada Salat Zakat Sawm Hajj
Professionof faithThere isonly one
God (Allah) andMuhammadis his prophet
Daily Worship
Five times a day;
guided by a precise
setof rituals
Almsgiving
2 1/2 % ofa Muslimsincome or
1/40of all they
possessannually
Fast
From sunrise
to sunsetduring theholy time
of Ramadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca
undertakenonce in a lifetime;
reminder ofequalitybetween
all Muslims