Global Regents Multiple Choice Review

Term Definition/Key Words Multiple ChoiceIslam -monotheistic religion

-5 Pillars-Koran (Qu’ran) = holy book-pilgrimage to Mecca (holy place in the Middle East)

1. Which belief system requires fasting during Ramadan, praying five times daily, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca?

1. Judaism2. Christianity3. Islam4. Hinduism

2. The Koran,  jihad, and the hegira are most closely associated with the practice of

1. Islam2. Judaism3. Shinto4. Buddhism

3. The Five Pillars of Faith of Islam, the Ten Commandments of Judaism and Christianity, and the Eightfold Path of Buddhism are similar in that they all

1. were set forth by the founder of the particular religion

2. offer a happy and easy life for those who follow their teachings

3. serve as guidelines to follow in personal conduct

4. indicate exactly how to achieve salvation

Monotheistic -belief in one god 1. Which belief system is considered monotheistic?

1. Judaism2. Shinto3. Confucianism4. Animism

2. The religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share a common belief in

1. nirvana2. monotheism3. reincarnation4. animism

3. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are similar in that they all

1. place great value on having many statues and images of holy people

2. believe in Mohammed as the Prophet of God

3. are monotheistic in belief4. require their members to settle in the

Holy Land

Shinto -religion in Japan-belief in spirits in nature

1. A person who practices the Shinto faith would be most likely to

1. visit a shrine placed on the shore of a lake2. pray five times a day3. bathe in the Ganges River4. make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

2. The belief systems of Daoism, Shinto, and animism stress

1. harmony with nature to live in peace2. acceptance of monotheism to achieve

salvation3. proper behavior to maintain social order4. obedience to caste rules to achieve

moksha

Buddhism -Eightfold Path-4 Noble Truths-following the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

1. In the practice of religion, the Ten Commandments are to Christianity as the Eightfold Path is to

1. Buddhism2. Daoism3. Islam4. Shinto

2. Which religion includes the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and nirvana?

1. Buddhism2. Hinduism3. Judaism4. Christianity

3. Which belief is most closely associated with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)?

1. People are born into a specific caste.2. Believers must follow the Ten

Commandments.3. Followers must fast during Ramadan.4. People can overcome their desires by

following the Eight-Fold Path.

Hinduism -polytheistic-holy book = Vedas-reincarnation-karma-dharma-caste system

1. A person who practices Hinduism would most likely

1. believe the Vedas are sacred2. worship in a synagogue3. pray facing Mecca4. make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

2. Believers of Hinduism are expected to

1. fulfill their dharma for a favorable reincarnation

2. complete a pilgrimage to Mecca3. obey the Ten Commandments4. follow the Eightfold Path to achieve

enlightenment

3. “It is better to do the work of your own caste poorly than to do the work of another caste well.”

This statement best expresses the idea that in traditional India

1. each person could choose his or her occupation

2. skilled workers were needed3. little social or occupational mobility

existed between castes4. some castes do better work than other

castes

Animism -religion in Africa-belief in spirits in nature

1. Traditional animistic beliefs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are based on

1. a desire for wealth2. a written tradition3. an appreciation of the forces of nature4. a willingness to accept Christianity

2. A similarity between Shinto in Japan and animism in African societies is that both

1. use the Torah to establish law codes2. stress the importance of the Eightfold

Path3. believe that spirits exist in nature4. base social rank on a caste system

Confucianism -filial piety-5 Relationships-respect for elders-civil service exam-the Analects

1. Filial piety and the five relationships are most often associated with

1. Hinduism2. Daoism3. animism4. Confucianism

2. The philosophy of Confucius (K'ung-fu-tzu) stresses the importance of

1. respect for authority2. religious beliefs3. a classless society4. owning land

3. Confucianism had a strong impact on the development of China mainly because this philosophy

1. established a basic structure for military rule

2. provided a basis for social order

3. contained the framework for a communist government

4. stressed the importance of the individual

Neolithic Revolution -switch from hunting and gathering to farming and domestication of animals-leads to permanent settlements-establishes civilizations

1. The Neolithic Revolution is seen as a turning point in human history mainly because

1. farming led to settled communities2. people started using animal skins for

clothing3. copper was first used to improve stone

tools4. cave paintings recorded the activities of

nomadic groups

2. Which description best fits the Neolithic Revolution?

1. moving from urban centers to rural centers

2. using petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase production

3. replacing human laborers with machines4. shifting from hunting and gathering to

farming as a way of life

3. The Neolithic Revolution is most closely associated with

1. using child labor in factories2. domesticating plants and animals3. learning to control fire4. developing iron technology

Code of Hammurabi -written laws-not equal to everyone (based on social class)-”an eye for an eye

1. The Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables of Rome are examples of

1. written laws2. religious rules of conduct3. economic sanctions4. early constitutions

2. …“If a man has knocked out the teeth of a man of the same rank, his own teeth shall be knocked out. If he has knocked out the teeth of a plebeian (commoner), he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver.”…

— Code of Hammurabi

Which statement is supported by this excerpt from Hammurabi’s code of laws?

1. All men are equal under the law.2. Fines are preferable to physical

punishment.3. Law sometimes distinguishes between

social classes.4. Violence must always be punished with

violence.

3. The Code of Hammurabi was a major contribution to the development of civilization because it

1. treated citizens and slaves equally2. ended all physical punishment3. recorded existing laws for all to see4. rejected the principle of filial piety

Cultural Diffusion -the spreading or blending of multiple cultures

1. The Hellenistic culture, associated with the rule of Alexander the Great, developed as a result of

1. ethnocentrism2. cultural diffusion3. direct democracy4. embargoes

Kushites adapted Egyptian art and architecture.

Greeks adopted Phoenician characters for an alphabet.

Arabs used the Indian mathematical concept of zero.

2. These actions are examples of

1. filial piety2. cultural diffusion3. scientific research4. ethnocentrism

3. Which term is used to describe the spread of Buddhism from India through Southeast Asia?

1. ethnocentrism2. isolation3. imperialism4. cultural diffusion

Gupta Empire -Golden Age of India-advancements in math, science, medicine etc.-concept of zero

1. In India, for which achievement is the Gupta Golden Age best known?

1. adoption of the printing press2. invention of the iron foot stirrup3. use of gunpowder4. development of the concept of zero

Art and literature flourished during the Gupta Empire.

Indian scholars developed the concept of zero.

Indian provinces were united after 200 years of civil war.

2. The information in these statements refers to

1. effects of European involvement in India

2. India’s Golden Age3. effects of isolationism4. Islamic achievements in India

3. Which statement about the Gupta Empire is a fact rather than an opinion?

1. India’s strongest leaders came from the Gupta Empire.

2. The Gupta Empire developed advancements in the areas of mathematics and science.

3. The achievements of the Gupta Empire surpassed those of the Tang dynasty in China.

4. Gupta paintings found on the walls of the Ajanta caves were superior to the art produced during the Mauryan Empire.

Isolation -to be separated (usually by geographic barriers)-leads to ethnocentrism-leads to traditional cultures (no cultural diffusion)

1. The geographic isolation of a society most often leads to the

1. development of trade2. strengthening of traditional culture3. promotion of cultural diffusion4. growth of international alliances

2. The ethnocentric attitudes of various Chinese emperors can be attributed to the

1. cultural isolation of China2. failure of other nations to become

interested in China3. interest of Chinese scholars in other

civilizations4. great cultural diversity within China’s

borders

3. Which is least likely to result in cultural diffusion?

1. migration2. trade3. war4. isolation

Tang -Golden Age of China-advancements in literature & art (porcelain)

1. One way in which the Tang dynasty, the Gupta Empire, and the European Renaissance are similar is that they all included periods of

1. religious unity2. democratic reforms3. economic isolation4. cultural achievements

2. The Tang dynasty contributed to the development of Chinese culture by

1. creating a shogunate

2. producing porcelain and block printing3. introducing Hinduism as a major

philosophy4. devising a set of laws and carving them

on rocks and pillars

The Gupta Dynasty – A.D. 320-550 in India

The Tang Dynasty – A.D. 618-907 in China

3. In what way are these dynasties similar?

1. Both promoted equality for women.2. Both made advances in arts, sciences, and

mathematics.3. Both gained overseas colonies in the New

World.4. Both developed a democratic

government.

Silk Road -spread of culture-spread of goods/disease

1. Trade along the Silk Roads and the trans-Saharan trade routes resulted in

1. elimination of all traditional beliefs2. a movement toward decolonization3. the Columbian exchange4. cultural diffusion between different

societies

2. Which two major regions were directly connected by the Silk Road?

1. Europe and South America2. Central America and Africa3. Asia and Africa4. Asia and Europe

3. The Silk Road was important because it allowed for the

1. exploration of China by the Roman Army2. development of agriculture by the

nomadic people of Central Asia3. movement of Chinese armies through

Southeast Asia4. exchange of goods between Asia and the

Middle East

Ibn Battuta -Muslim explorer who traveled throughout the Middle East and Asia

1. The writings of both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta inspired

1. exploration and trade2. important military expeditions3. movements for political freedom4. the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia

2. Both Ibn Battuta and Mansa Musa demonstrated

their religious values by

1. meditating along the banks of the Ganges River

2. converting Africans to Christianity3. making a pilgrimage to Mecca4. visiting the wailing wall in Jerusalem

3. Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo were similar in that both

1. ruled over vast empires that included diverse peoples

2. produced written records of their extensive travels

3. converted thousands of people to Christianity

4. fought to free their people from Mongol rule

Byzantine Empire -the eastern part of the Roman Empire-Hagia Sophia-Eastern Orthodox Religion-cultural diffusion with Russia

1. Which region had the greatest influence on the historical and cultural development of the Byzantine Empire?

1. Mesoamerica2. India3. Rome4. Egypt

2. Which development is most closely associated with the beginning of the Byzantine Empire?

1. emergence of the Russian Orthodox Church

2. division of the Roman Empire3. building of the Hagia Sophia4. fall of Constantinople

Justinian issues a new code of laws. Greek culture is preserved. A split develops in Christianity between

the Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians.

3. Which empire is most closely associated with these statements?

1. Byzantine2. Persian3. Mughal4. British

Justinian’s Code -set of laws (written by Emperor Justinian) 1. One way in which the Justinian Code and the Napoleonic Code are similar is that both

1. made slavery unacceptable2. gave people a set of rules to follow3. treated all equally under the law

4. provided for religious freedom

2. The Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian Code are examples of

1. religious edicts2. written laws3. epic poems4. democratic constitutions

3. One way in which the Twelve Tables of Rome, the Code of Hammurabi, and the Justinian Code were similar is that they established

1. trade agreements with neighboring countries

2. tolerance for the different religions of their people

3. written legal systems4. social class equality

Mali -West African trading kingdom-gold & salt trade-Trans-Saharan trade routes-camel caravans

1. The kingdoms of Ghana and Mali became prosperous and powerful because of

1. their participation in the gold and salt trade

2. the military protection provided to them by the Egyptians

3. their dependence on legalism to enforce social control

4. the tax revenue they collected from Christian missionaries

Conquered Ghana Experienced a golden age under Mansa

Musa Built mosques and schools in Timbuktu

2. Which civilization is most directly associated with these descriptions?

1. Axum2. Benin3. Kush4. Mali

3. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai prospered primarily due to their

1. exchanges with Indian ports2. direct access to the Arabian Sea3. control of trade routes4. abundance of diamonds

Ghana -West African trading kingdom-gold & salt trade-Trans-Saharan trade routes-camel caravans

1. One way in which the African kingdoms of Ghana and Mali are similar is that they

1. established their wealth through trade2. improved their military strength with the

use of gunpowder3. opened trade routes to the Americas4. adopted Christianity as their major

religion

2. The economies of the western African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai relied on

1. industrial growth2. shipbuilding3. textile production4. trans-Saharan trade routes

3. Much of the wealth of the West African kingdoms of Ghana and Mali was gained from the

1. sale of slaves to Europeans2. creation of colonies on the Mediterranean

coast3. taxation on goods brought by Indian

merchants4. control of the trans-Saharan trade in gold

and salt

Mansa Musa -king of the Mali empire-made a pilgrimage to Mecca-known for the spread of Islam

1. Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca demonstrates that he practiced

1. animism2. Sikhism3. Islam4. Buddhism

2. The leader of the ancient kingdom of Mali was

1. Alexander the Great2. Julius Caesar3. Mansa Musa4. Ramses II

3. What was a significant effect of Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca?

1. The African written language spread to southwest Asia.

2. Military leaders eventually controlled Mali.

3. Islamic learning and culture expanded in Mali.

4. The trading of gold for salt ended

Crusades -series of holy wars between Christians & Muslims-fought over the holy land (Jerusalem)

1. Which statement accurately describes the actions of Muslims during the Crusades?

1. Most Muslims converted to Christianity.2. Muslims attacked and conquered

Constantinople.3. Muslims defended Jerusalem because it

was sacred to them.4. Many Muslims visited Europe for the first

time to obtain luxury goods.

2. What were two indirect results of the Crusades?

1. Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was strengthened.

2. Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was weakened.

3. Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was weakened.

4. Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was strengthened.

3. Which is the most valid generalization about the Crusades?

1. The Crusades strengthened the power of the serfs in Europe.

2. The Crusades increased trade between Europe and Asia.

3. The Crusades brought European influence to Africa.

4. The Crusades supported the idea of religious tolerance.

Feudalism -a political system where land was exchange for loyalty & services-king-> lords (nobles) -> knights -> serfs

1. What was a characteristic of feudalism?

1. Land was exchanged for military service and obligations.

2. Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants.

3. Power rested in the hands of a strong central government.

4. Unified national court systems were developed.

2. Feudal societies are generally characterized by

1. an emphasis on social order 2. a representative government 3. many economic opportunities 4. the protection of political rights

3. In western Europe, feudalism developed after the

1. Roman Empire collapsed2. Renaissance began3. city of Constantinople fell4. Mongols invade

Mongols -technological advancement of the stirrup & bow and arrow-expansive empire due to military conquest (rule each area differently)-Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan-isolated Russia

1. Which group used the stirrup, skilled horsemanship, and siege warfare techniques to conquer much of Asia and part of Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries?

1. Japanese2. Vikings3. Persians

4. Mongols

2. Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?

1. avoiding contacts with the West2. paying monetary tribute to local rulers3. employing superior military skills4. converting conquered peoples to

Confucianism

3. Which statement describes the situation in Russia during the 200 years when the Mongols ruled?

1. Russia experienced a cultural Renaissance.

2. Russia was isolated and paid tribute to the Khans.

3. Westernization and industrialization began in Russia.

4. Democratic reforms were encouraged in Russian society.

Mercantilism -the trade of raw materials from the colony to the mother country in exchange for manufactured goods-colonies are to provide a favorable balance of trade for the mother country (Europe)

1. Which statement best describes a key aspect of mercantilism?

1. removing tariffs to increase free trade between empires

2. acquiring colonies to provide a favorable balance of trade

3. eliminating private ownership of the means of production

4. encouraging subsistence agriculture

2. Which policy is a country using when it regulates its colonies’ imports and exports to produce a favorable balance of trade?

1. embargo2. outsourcing3. mercantilism4. transmigration

3. Which idea is most closely associated with the economic concept of mercantilism?

1. Colonies exist to provide raw materials and markets for a colonial power.

2. Wealth and power are based on land exchanged between nobles.

3. Goods and services are traded without government interference.

4. Property is owned collectively and administered by the state.

Renaissance -rebirth of Greek and Roman culture-Considered a golden age (advancements in art, literature, science)

1. Pax Romana, the Golden Age of Islam, and the Renaissance were all periods of

-increase in secular (non-religious) ideas-humanism emphasizes the importance of the individual

1. cultural isolationism2. censorship and regulation3. advancements in arts and in knowledge4. decreasing influence of religion on

cultural practices

2. Which philosophy that was developed during the Renaissance is associated with a shift in focus away from religious subjects toward more secular subjects?

1. humanism2. absolutism3. communism4. scholasticism

Focus on individual achievement Use of classical Greek and Roman ideas Artistic works of Leonardo da Vinci

3. Which time period is most closely associated with these characteristics?

1. Hellenistic Golden Age2. Early Middle Ages3. European Renaissance4. Scientific Revolution

Commercial Revolution -favorable balance of trade-rise of capitalism-mercantilism-joint-stock companies

1. What was one result of the European Commercial Revolution?

1. a decline in the spice trade2. the destruction of the papacy3. the development of capitalism4. an increased reliance on bartering

2. During the Commercial Revolution, where did trading centers most often develop?

1. in the mountains2. near grasslands3. along waterways4. on the tundra

3. Which was a result of the Commercial Revolution?

1. decline in population growth in Europe2. shift of power from western Europe to

eastern Europe3. spread of feudalism throughout western

Europe4. expansion of European influence overseas

Reformation -a movement designed to address the corruption within the Catholic Church

1. An immediate result of the Protestant Reformation was the

1. breaking of the religious unity of Europe

2. strengthening of the political power of the Pope

3. increase in the influence of the Roman Catholic Church

4. restoration of political unity to western Europe

2. What was one cause of the Protestant Reformation?

1. revolt by the Moors in Spain2. passage of the Act of Supremacy in

England3. call for the Council of Trent by Pope Paul

III4. corruption among high officials of the

Catholic Church

3. Which technological development contributed most directly to the success of the Protestant Reformation?

1. astrolabe2. compass3. wheel4. printing press

Martin Luther -author of the 95 Theses (spread through the use of the printing press)-against the sale of indulgences

1. Which leader started the Protestant Reformation by speaking out against papal abuses and the sale of indulgences in the Ninety-five Theses?

1. John Calvin2. Henry VIII3. John Wycliffe4. Martin Luther

2. Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses were a call for

1. religious revolt against the German princes

2. reforms within the Roman Catholic Church

3. greater Papal authority 4. crusades to spread Christianity

3. One way Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII were similar is that they all were

A. Latin American revolutionary leaders B. Reformation leaders C. Impressionist painters D. divine right monarchs

Inca -Andes Mountains (South America)-terrace farming to adapt to their environment-extensive road network (& bridges)

1. Which development is most closely associated with early Inca achievements?

1. inventing the wheel as a transportation device

2. improving iron weapons3. expanding global trade4. adapting a mountainous environment

2. What was an important strategy used by both the Romans and the Incas to unify their empires?

1. building a large network of roads and bridges

2. using powerful navies to protect sea trade routes

3. supporting free-market economies by minting silver coins

4. granting citizenship and voting rights to conquered peoples

3. A major agricultural advancement of the Incas was the

1. domestication of cattle2. use of a steel plow3. terracing of mountains for farming4. development of floating gardens

Age of Exploration -a period from the 1400’s - 1600’s-European ships were traveled around the world to search for new trading routes

1. The Age of Exploration led directly to the

1. establishment of European colonies2. start of the Puritan Revolution3. invention of the magnetic compass4. failure of the Congress of Vienna

2. Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration?

1. England encouraged free trade among its colonies.

2. Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies.

3. Portugal sought trade benefits from its colonial possessions.

4. France refused to give financial support to weak national industries.

Invention of the compass and astrolabe European dependence on spices from

Asia Rise of nation-states in Europe

3. These developments influenced the start of the

1. Crusades2. Renaissance3. Reformation4. Age of Exploration

Aztec -MesoAmerican civilization-Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital located on Lake Texcoco)

1. What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec Empire?

-chinampas (floating gardens) to adapt to their environment 1. The Spanish soldiers made effective use

of their military technology against the Aztecs.

2. Aztec religious beliefs promoted nonviolence.

3. Spain joined the Incas in their fight against the Aztecs.

4. The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the Aztec warriors.

2. Inca terrace farming and Aztec floating gardens are examples of

1. the ability of civilizations to adapt to their region’s physical geography

2. slash-and-burn farming techniques3. Mesoamerican art forms symbolizing the

importance of agriculture4. colonial economic policies that harmed

Latin American civilizations

3. The civilizations of the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas were similar in that all

1. spoke the same language2. followed a monotheistic religion3. developed cities and complex

governments4. used a complex system of writing

Marco Polo -Italian explorer-travels the Silk Road and writes about his travels-stimulated travel and trade

1. The writings of both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta inspired

1. exploration and trade2. important military expeditions3. movements for political freedom4. the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia

2. The travels of Marco Polo and of Ibn Battuta were similar in that these travels

1. led to nationalistic movements2. helped to spread the ideas of religious

leaders3. stimulated the expansion of trade4. supported democratic forms of

government

3. Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo were similar in that both

1. ruled over vast empires that included diverse peoples

2. produced written records of their extensive travels

3. converted thousands of people to Christianity

4. fought to free their people from Mongol rule

Absolutism & Absolute Monarch

-the belief that a king or queen should have complete & total power

1. Which form of government is associated with the reigns of Suleiman the Magnificent, Akbar the Great, and Peter the Great?

1. constitutional monarchy2. direct democracy3. theocracy4. absolute monarchy

2. Which is a basic characteristic of an absolute monarchy?

1. All power is held by a king or queen.2. There is an elected legislature.3. People's liberties are guaranteed in a

written constitution.4. There are many political parties.

3. From the 15th to the 18th centuries, absolute monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to

1. increase the power of the Catholic Church2. centralize their political power3. redistribute land to the peasants4. strengthen feudalism

Divine Right -the belief the a king’s power comes from God-similar to the Mandate of Heaven

1. The theory justifying a monarch’s rule by God’s authority is called

1. laissez faire2. totalitarianism3. predestination4. divine right

“Kings are God’s lieutenants on earth.”

2. Which type of government is best characterized by this quotation?

1. direct democracy2. republic3. rule by divine right4. limited monarchs

3. The 17th century divine right of monarchs of Western Europe justified their authority in much the same way as the

1. emperors of China who claimed the mandate of heaven

2. colonial governors of the American colonies who claimed parliamentary supremacy

3. 20th century Nazis who believed in racial superiority

4. Russian occupiers of Eastern Europe who based their authority on Socialist doctrine

Suleiman the Magnificent

-aka Suleiman the Lawgiver-ruler of the Ottoman Empire-practiced religious tolerance-absolute monarch

1. One way in which Suleiman the Magnificent and Louis XIV are similar is that they both

1. centralized political power2. introduced a new national religion3. strengthened the authority of the nobility4. freed peasants from feudal obligations

2. Which characteristic is associated with the rule of both Akbar the Great and Suleiman the Magnificent?

1. promoting equal rights for women2. expanding the role of legislative bodies3. forcing the conversion of citizens to

Christianity4. practicing religious tolerance toward

members of society

3. One way in which Suleiman the Magnificent and Akbar the Great are similar is that they both brought about periods of

1. political stability and religious tolerance2. religious conquest and persecution3. isolationism and cultural stagnation4. modernization and political disunity

Peter the Great -czar of Russia-westernization-modernized Russia

1. Which change is most closely associated with Peter the Great of Russia?

1. establishment of Moscow as the capital city

2. extension of Russia’s borders to the Northern Caucuses and Ukraine

3. westernization and modernization of the country

4. emancipation of the serfs on private estates

2. What happened in Russia as a result of actions taken by Peter the Great?

1. Russia was weakened by French invasions.

2. Catholicism was adopted as the state religion.

3. The Duma was reformed and the serfs were freed.

4. Russia borrowed Western ideas and expanded its territories.

3. Westernization of Russia came about largely through the

1. efforts of Peter the Great and his

successors2. invasion of Russia by Sweden3. desire of the United States to seek new

markets4. acceptance of the policies of the Eastern

Orthodox Church

Catherine the Great -enlightened despot from Russia-gave people more rights-westernization

1. Which step did Catherine the Great take that is consistent with Enlightenment ideas?

1. ordering the burning of books2. strengthening the institution of serfdom3. expanding Russian territory into Ukraine4. considering a law code that would treat

all citizens equally

2. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by

1. abolishing all social class distinctions2. becoming constitutional monarchs3. preventing wars with neighboring nations4. introducing Western ideas and customs

3. One way in which the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great are similar is that both leaders

1. promoted the emancipation of serfs2. strengthened the role of the Duma and

centralized royal power3. shared their power with the Russian

Orthodox Church4. pursued a policy of westernization and

expansion

Scientific Revolution -questioning spirit derived from the Renaissance-scientific method

1. New scientific knowledge and understandings that developed during the Scientific Revolution were most often based on

1. observation and experimentation2. church law and faith3. superstition and ancient practices4. geometric formulas and astrology

2. Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?

1. The existence of natural laws was rejected.

2. Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.

3. New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy.

4. The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings

Galileo used the telescope and challenged

the teachings of the day. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the laws of

gravity. Copernicus determined that the Sun is the

center of the universe.

3. Which period is most directly associated with these events?

1. Early Middle Ages2. Scientific Revolution3. Protestant Reformation4. Industrial Revolution

Galileo -invented the telescope-agreed with Copernicus’ heliocentric theory

1. One way in which the contributions of Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton are similar is that each

1. challenged the heliocentric theory of the universe

2. based his work on Enlightenment principles of social contract

3. practiced observation and experimentation in his work

4. supported the work of the Inquisition

2. Galileo Galilei and Sir Issac Newton are most closely associated with

1. initiating religious reforms2. leading political revolutions3. conducting investigative experiments4. engaging in foreign conquests

3. Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler are all directly associated with the

1. Industrial Revolution2. Scientific Revolution3. English Revolution4. Agricultural Revolution

Enlightenment -a time when people started to question their government/what government would work best for their country-laws of nature & reason

1. One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both

1. led to increased power for royal families in Europe

2. sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and science

3. questioned traditional values and past practices

4. promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern Europe

2. Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

1. The factory system was used to mass-

produce goods.2. Martin Luther broke away from the

Roman Catholic Church.3. Europeans changed their thinking about

the role of government.4. The Columbian exchange occurred.

3. Enlightenment thinkers encouraged the improvement of society through the

1. teachings of the church2. use of reason3. development of absolutism4. establishment of a rigid social hierarchy

Magna Carta -a document that limited the power of the monarchy

1. The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights both served to

1. extend the voting privileges of commoners

2. abolish the government’s role in levying taxes

3. limit the power of the monarchy4. support the theory of the divine right of

kings

2. The primary purpose of the Magna Carta (1215) was to

1. limit the power of King John2. install Oliver Cromwell as dictator3. justify the Glorious Revolution4. charter the British East India Company

3. The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights led the English government to develop a political system in which

1. rulers were responsible to the people2. religious authorities controlled the

lawmaking process3. the power of the monarch came from God4. the individual was denied a trial by jury

Glorious Revolution -a bloodless overthrow of King James II by William and Mary-results in a constitutional monarchy

1. The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 and the Glorious Revolution in 1688 were key events in English history because they resulted in

1. creating alliances with France2. defeating Protestant nobles3. limiting the power of the monarchy4. annexing territory

Parliament offered the throne to King William and Queen Mary.

Catholic King James II fled England for France.

Parliament agreed to joint rule with the monarch.

2. These events are most closely associated with the

1. Crusades2. French Revolution3. Glorious Revolution4. Reconquista

3. What was a major result of the Glorious Revolution?

1. Napoleon was restored to power.2. England further limited its monarchy.3. Oliver Cromwell became the leader of

England.4. The Spanish Armada was defeated.

John Locke -Life, liberty, and property-Philosopher-Ideas support the French Revolution, American Revolution, and Latin American Revolutions

1. The idea that all people are born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property is most directly associated with the writings of

1. Baron de Montesquieu2. Thomas Hobbes3. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet4. John Locke

2. Which individual suggested the idea that if a government fails to protect its people’s natural rights of life, liberty, and property, the people have the right to overthrow it?

1. Karl Marx2. John Locke3. Thomas Hobbes4. Niccolò Machiavelli

3. Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government?

1. A government’s power comes from the consent of the people.

2. Predestination will determine who will go to heaven.

3. Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on population growth.

4. The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves.

French Revolution -Causes: people in the 3rd estate wanted more power, they were hungry and angry-Reign of Terror, radical, RobespierreEffects: Nationalist movements in Latin America

1. One way in which Robespierre and Louis XVI of France are similar is that both

1. were removed from power during the French Revolution

2. adopted ideas of the Congress of Vienna3. implemented policies of religious

tolerance

4. decreased government control of the economy

2. Which issue was a cause of the French Revolution?

1. ineffective rule of Napoleon Bonaparte2. nationalization of the Church3. outrage over the use of the guillotine by

the Committee of Public Safety4. demand of the Third Estate for more

political power

3. Before the French Revolution, the people of France were divided into three estates based mainly on their

1. education level2. geographic region3. social class4. religious beliefs

Congress of Vienna -puts Europe back to the way it was before Napoleon took over-put monarchs back in power

1. One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) was to

1. promote the unification of Italy2. preserve the German territories gained by

Otto von Bismarck3. restore the power of the Holy Roman

Empire4. establish a balance of power in Europe

after the defeat of Napoleon

2. One goal of the Congress of Vienna was to

1. establish a new balance of power in Europe

2. protect Europe from Ottoman advances3. end abuses within the Catholic Church4. redraw the boundaries of Africa

3. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to

1. restore old regimes to power2. spread the idea of democracy3. encourage nationalist movements4. promote the European free-trade zone

Louis XIV -Monarch who built the Palaces of Versailles and bankrupted France

1. Which person is credited with saying “L’état, c’est moi” (I am the state)?

1. Louis XIV2. John Locke3. Karl Marx4. Queen Isabella

2. Louis XIV and Peter the Great would most likely agree with the expression

1. “government should leave businesses alone”

2. “countries should settle differences without war”

3. “do not question government authority”4. “all men are created with natural rights”

3. A common goal of Philip II of Spain and Louis XIV of France was to

1. spread Calvinism2. promote political revolutions3. maintain absolute power4. isolate their nations

Napoleon -leader who unified France after the French Revolution (nationalism)-Led a large land empire

1. What was one factor that caused Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of Russia to be unsuccessful?

1. poorly trained military forces2. a lack of alliances3. harsh winter climate4. mountainous terrain

2. One way in which the Justinian Code and the Napoleonic Code are similar is that both

1. made slavery unacceptable2. gave people a set of rules to follow3. treated all equally under the law4. provided for religious freedom

3. One major effect of Napoleon’s rule of France was that it led to

1. an increase in the power of the Roman Catholic Church

2. massive emigration to the Americas3. trade agreements with Great Britain4. a restoration of political stability

Simon Bolivar -Nationalist leader who led the independence movements in Latin America

1. One similarity in the actions of Simón Bolívar and Napoleon Bonaparte is that both leaders

1. encouraged nationalism2. relied on diplomatic negotiations3. established a representative form of

government4. rebelled against imperialism

2. Simón Bolívar, Toussaint L’Ouverture, and José de San Martín are all associated with revolutions in

1. Africa

2. Europe3. South Asia4. Latin America

3. The Andes Mountains and the Amazon River basin affected Simón Bolívar’s efforts to bring about

1. Economic imperialism2. Political unification3. Religious solidarity4. Technological improvements

Laissez-Faire -”hands off”-government should have little to no control over the economics of their country

1. Adam Smith would most likely agree with which statement?

1. Revolution is the only solution to economic problems.

2. Five-year plans are necessary in order to industrialize.

3. All nations would benefit from an agricultural economy.

4. Government should follow a laissez-faire policy.

2. Which statement represents a central idea of laissez-faire economics?

1. Class struggles are based on inequities.

2. Workers should form unions to better their conditions.

3. Prices are best determined by supply and demand.

4. The government should own all means of production.

3. Adam Smith’s laissez-faire theories are most closely associated with

1. the separation of church and state

2. minimal government regulation of the economy

3. a command economy

4. high tariffs to protect domestic businesses

Communism -economic system in which everyone is paid the same and everyone is treated the same

1. In which economic system does the government make most major decisions about what to produce, how much to produce, and for whom the goods

-no incentives-no private ownership-no competition

and services will be produced?

1. traditional2. mixed3. command4. market

2. Capitalism is to private ownership as communism is to

1. supply and demand2. laissez-faire3. state control4. self-determination

3. Under communism in the former Soviet Union, people were required to

1. reject modern technology2. limit the size of their families3. honor their ancestors and religious

traditions4. put the interests of the state before

individual gain

Socialism -a political and economic theory that states that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

"…The Communist party of the Soviet Union has been and remains a natural and inalienable part of social forces. Their cooperation will make it possible to attain the ultimate goal of Perestroika: to renew our society within the framework of the socialist choice, along the lines of advance to a humane democratic socialism…."

1. Which leader would most likely have made this statement?

1. Kwame Nkrumah2. Mohandas Gandhi3. Benito Mussolini4. Mikhail Gorbachev

Industrial Revolution -change in how goods are made, from goods being made by hand to goods being made in factories-leads to urbanization-leads to pollution-increase in population

1. During the Industrial Revolution, which development resulted from the other three?

1. Factory conditions affected people’s health.

2. Labor unions were formed.3. Unskilled laborers received low wages.4. Machinery replaced workers.

2. In the late 1700s, the Industrial Revolution developed in Britain because Britain

1. possessed key factors of production2. excluded foreign investors3. suppressed the enclosure movement4. required a minimum wage be paid to

workers

3. One way in which the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in the 18th century and the potato blight in Ireland in the 19th century are similar is that they both led directly to

1. significant human migrations2. more equitable distribution of wealth3. growth in the number of subsistence

farmers4. rapid increases in food production

Karl Marx -father of communism-wrote the Communist Manifesto to lay out the basics for communism-inspires: Josef Stalin and Mao Zedong

1. A key idea in the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels is that workers should support the

1. overthrow of the capitalist system2. establishment of labor unions3. legislative regulation of wages and

working conditions4. technological changes in production

methods

2. What is a major belief associated with Marxism?

1. The proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie.

2. Religion should be more important than political forces.

3. Private ownership of property should be expanded.

4. Peasants would gain control of overseas markets.

3. Which written work criticized the capitalist system during the Industrial Revolution?

1. Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

2. “White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling

3. The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith4. The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin

Imperialism -when a stronger country takes over a weaker country-Stronger countries need new materials and new marketsEx: Great Britain taking over India

1. The poem “White Man’s Burden” is most directly associated with the concept of

1. neutrality2. appeasement3. reparations4. imperialism

2. Which geographic characteristic of Japan most influenced its decision to engage in imperialism in the early to mid-20th century?

1. mountainous terrain2. lack of natural resources

3. abundance of rivers4. island location

3. One major reason European countries engaged in imperialism in the late 19th century was to

1. gain a better understanding of unknown territories

2. ease tensions with their rivals3. develop treatments for diseases4. obtain markets for their manufactured

goods

Meiji Restoration -modernization of Japan after they were imperialized by other countries

1. Which action did Japan take during the Meiji Restoration?

1. established a social system to benefit the samurai

2. sent experts to learn from modern Western nations

3. allowed communist ideas to dominate its government

4. started an ambitious program to expel foreign manufacturers

2. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan rapidly industrialized. During which period did this change take place?

1. Heian Court2. Song dynasty3. Yuan dynasty4. Meiji Restoration

3. Which action in Japanese history occurred during the Meiji Restoration?

1. Japan modernized its economy.2. Mongols invaded the islands of Japan.3. The Japanese government adopted an

isolationist policy.4. Buddhism became the official religion of

Japan.

Berlin Conference -Meeting at which European countries divided up Africa without African consent

1. Some of the ethnic strife in Africa today can be traced back to the European division of Africa resulting from the

1. Treaty of Tordesillas2. Congress of Vienna3. Berlin Conference4. Yalta Conference

2. The Berlin Conference is most closely associated with the colonization of

1. South Asia2. East Asia3. Latin America

4. Africa

3. Which situation was a result of the 1884 Berlin Conference?

1. Africa was divided without regard to ethnic groups.

2. Monarchies were restored throughout Europe.

3. The slave trade with South America was eliminated.

4. The League of Nations was formed.

Treaty of Versailles -Ended WWI and put harsh restrictions on Germany-Germany was blamed for the loss of WWI-Germany had to pay reparations-Germany had to give up territories-Germany had to limit their army

1. Which agreement was labeled by the Nazis as unfair to Germany?

1. Treaty of Versailles2. Soviet Nonaggression Pact3. Munich Pact4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

2. Many historians believe that the harsh terms found in the Treaty of Versailles helped lead to

1. Italy’s unification2. Turkey’s modernization3. revolutions in Russia4. World War II

3. The Treaty of Versailles angered many Germans after World War I because the treaty

1. divided Germany into Communist and non-Communist zones

2. made Germany restore its emperor3. required all German-speaking Europeans

to return to Germany4. forced Germany to pay large war

reparations

Appeasement -giving in to a country or region to try to keep the peace

“The belief that security can be won by throwing a small state to the wolves is a fatal mistake.”

– Winston Churchill

1. Which foreign policy is criticized by this quotation?

1. containment2. détente3. glasnost4. appeasement

2. Which event caused the policy of appeasement to be viewed as a failure?

1. creation of the League of Nations (1919)2. forced famine in Ukraine (1932)3. invasion of Czechoslovakia (1939)

4. atomic bombing of Hiroshima (1945)

3. Before September 1939, the European response to Hitler’s actions included

1. following a policy of appeasement2. blockading the coast of Germany3. forcing Germany to sign the Versailles

Treaty4. creating alliances under the United

Nations Charter

League of Nations -International organization that was created at the end of WWI to try to keep peace-Was unsuccessful because the US did not join and the organization was not backed by an army

1. One reason for the outbreak of World War II was the

1. ineffectiveness of the League of Nations2. growing tension between the United

States and the Soviet Union3. conflict between the Hapsburg and the

Romanov families4. refusal of the German government to sign

the Treaty of Versailles

2. One major reason the League of Nations failed was that it

1. was not included in the Versailles Treaty2. was controlled by communist Russia3. frightened many nations with its large

military force4. lacked the support of many of the major

world powers during crises

3. “Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia” (1935)“Germany Takes the Rhineland Back” (1936)“Germany and Russia Divide Poland” (1939)

These headlines might be used to illustrate the weakness of the

1. United Nations2. Congress of Vienna3. Warsaw Pact4. League of Nations

Josef Stalin -Communist leader of the Soviet Union (USSR) after Vladimir Lenin

1. The primary purpose of Joseph Stalin’s five-year plans was to

1. increase agricultural and industrial output2. limit the wealth of the upper class3. increase the production of consumer

goods4. limit immigration of ethnic minorities

2. Which condition was a result of Joseph Stalin’s command economy?

1. Peasants were encouraged to sell surplus grain for personal profit.

2. The production of consumer goods increased.

3. National revenue increased allowing for greater individual spending.

4. The government controlled agriculture through collective farms

3. Which goal did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?

1. becoming an industrial power2. creating a golden age of culture3. instituting a parliamentary monarchy4. easing tensions using détente

Fascism -an authoritarian ruler who rules through terror, censorship and extreme racism

1. After World War I, the rise of Benito Mussolini in Italy and the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany are most closely associated with

1. the development of fascism2. the desire for containment3. an emphasis on democratic traditions4. a return to conservative religious

practices

2. Extreme nationalism, individuals existing for the good of the state, and unquestioning loyalty to the leader are the defining characteristics of

1. fascism2. liberalism3. democracy4. theocracy

3. What was a key cause for the rise of fascism in nations such as Italy and Germany?

1. collectivization2. economic hardship3. genocide4. secret treaties

Adolf Hitler -Fascist dictator of Germany during WWII-leads the Holocaust

1. What was one factor that caused Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of Russia to be unsuccessful?

1. poorly trained military forces2. a lack of alliances3. harsh winter climate4. mountainous terrain

2. Which term is often used to describe the actions of Adolf Hitler in Germany and Pol Pot in Cambodia?

1. nonalignment2. neocolonialism3. scorched-earth policy

4. genocide

3. Which action illustrates the concept of genocide?

1. the British negotiating peace with Adolf Hitler during the 1938 Munich Conference

2. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signing a non-aggression pact in 1939

3. the Nazi armies eliminating the Jews and other groups as part of Adolf Hitler’s Final Solution

4. German generals plotting against Adolf Hitler

Cold War - War of ideologies between the US (capitalism) and the USSR (communism)

1. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany in 1990 are events that symbolize the

1. end of the Cold War Era2. end of democracy in Germany3. fall of Nazi power in Germany4. increased influence of the Warsaw Pact

2. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?

I. _________________________________

A. Korea remains divided at the 38th parallel.B. East and West Berlin are split by a wall.C. Strategic arms limitation talks begin.

1. Emerging Nations of the World2. Results of the Cold War3. Economic Benefits of World War II4. Ethnic Conflicts in the World

3. The term iron curtain refers to the

1. scars left on the land by the trenches of World War I

2. no-fly zone in northern Iraq after the Persian Gulf War

3. border established between India and Pakistan after World War II

4. western boundary of Soviet domination in Europe during the Cold War

NATO -North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1. The Soviet Union’s response to the formation of

-Set up by the US as an alliance against the USSR

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was to create the

1. Marshall Plan2. Warsaw Pact3. Truman Doctrine4. European Union

2. The Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were United States responses to the

1. threat of the Nazis in the 1930s2. fear of economic depression after World

War I3. concern about the partition of India in

19474. communist threat after World War II

3. What was a major reason for the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949?

1. to control European trade2. to resist Soviet aggression3. to support the blockade of Berlin4. to strengthen communist governments

Containment -American idea that communism needs to be contained (similar to a disease) in the areas that it already existed and no further

Marshall Plan -American program to give financial (money) aid to countries throughout the world fighting communism (supports containment)

1. The purpose of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to

1. support the construction of the Iron Curtain

2. increase membership in the United Nations

3. prevent the spread of communism4. attempt to solve world hunger

2. The use of the Marshall Plan in Western Europe after World War II strengthened the forces of

1. democracy2. communism3. isolationism4. autocracy

3. The Marshall Plan was designed to stop the spread of communism by providing

1. government housing to refugees2. military assistance to Vietnam3. funds for economic recovery in war-torn

European nations4. nuclear weapons to North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO) members

Non-alignment -The idea that some countries would not align to American or Soviet ideas during the Cold War

1. During the Cold War, India’s decision to support neither the United States nor the Soviet Union was based on its policy of

1. nonalignment2. isolationism3. containment4. separatism

2. During the Cold War, nations that adopted a policy of nonalignment believed they should

1. be exempt from United Nations decisions2. restrict trade with neighboring countries3. reject international environmental treaties4. follow a course independent of the

superpowers

United Nations -Group created to try to maintain peace after WWII

1. The United Nations was created primarily to

1. prosecute persons accused of war crimes2. contain the spread of communism3. channel relief aid to war-torn nations4. provide a means of solving international

problems

2. Which has been a crucial issue facing the United Nations in recent years?

1. illegal immigration into Eastern Europe2. economic development of poor nations3. air traffic control disputes4. disintegration of military alliances

3. Which is the main reason why the United Nations has frequently not been able to solve international disputes?

1. There are too many members.2. It has little money with which to work.3. The most powerful nations do not belong.4. The most powerful nations often disagree.

Mikhail Gorbachev -Leader of the USSR in the late 1980’s who brought more capitalist reforms to the USSR-created the programs: glasnost and perestroika

1. Mikhail Gorbachev instituted the policies of glasnost and perestroika to

1. reinforce the basic economic principles of communism

2. bring the Soviet Union into the European Economic Community

3. reform the Soviet Union politically and economically

4. gain acceptance for free political elections

2. One way in which Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy

of perestroika are similar is that both

1. allowed elements of capitalism within a communist economic system

2. strengthened their country’s military defenses

3. supported censorship of news and of personal correspondence

4. increased tensions during the Cold War

3. In the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev’s attempts to change the Soviet Union resulted in

1. an increase in tensions between India and the Soviet Union

2. a strengthening of the Communist Party3. a shift from producing consumer goods to

producing heavy machinery4. a series of economic and political reforms

Fidel Castro -communist leader of Cuba 1. One reason Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh, and Fidel Castro rose to power was that these leaders

1. promoted capitalism and democracy2. gained the support of the peasants3. represented the interests of rich

landowners4. wanted their countries to stress religious

values

2. One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro is that they

1. achieved their goals through the use of peaceful resistance

2. worked to protect citizens’ rights to freedom of expression

3. considered capitalism to be the best economic system

4. led revolutionary movements that established Communist governments

Caste System -Hindu based social hierarchy-Strict with no social mobility-Untouchables are the lowest caste

1. One way in which apartheid in South Africa and the caste system in India are similar is that both systems

1. allowed for educational opportunities2. determined roles based on gender3. revolved around central religious beliefs4. enforced different sets of rules for distinct

groups of people

2. “When I go to the office, I put on my shirt and I take off my caste; when I come home, I take off my shirt and I put on my caste.”

What is the main idea of this quotation?

1. The caste system continues to influence Indian society.

2. The caste system has been rejected by most Indians.

3. Successful urban workers in India belong to the same caste.

4. The Indian Government officially supports the caste system

3. The caste system in India and apartheid in the Republic of South Africa were similar in that they

1. reflect democratic ideals2. promote discrimination3. encourage social mobility4. provide economic equality

Mohandas Gandhi -nationalist leader in India who leads the independence movement from Great Britain-believed in civil disobedience -led the Homespun Movement and Salt March

1. Which description best fits the Salt March conducted by Mohandas Gandhi?

1. an act of civil disobedience against the British

2. a statement of support for dividing India3. a protest against the Sepoy Mutiny4. a rally for the British during World War

II

2. The purpose of Mohandas Gandhi’s actions such as the Salt March and the textile boycott was to

1. begin a cycle of armed revolution2. draw attention to critical issues3. increase the strength of the military4. resist the power of religious leaders

3. Which leader is most closely associated with the use of civil disobedience in a struggle to end colonial rule?

1. Momar Khadafi2. Saddam Hussein3. Ho Chi Minh4. Mohandas Gandhi

Boxer Rebellion -movement to end foreign influence in China-it was unsuccessful

Opium War (1839–1842) Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901)

1. This series of events is most closely associated with the

1. spread of communism to China and Korea

2. growing concerns about the influence of the West in China

3. alliance formed between Vietnam and China

4. increasing expansion of civil and political rights in China

2. A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion was to

1. remove foreign influences2. restore parliamentary government3. improve access to civil service

examinations4. outlaw caste systems

3. A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion was to

1. remove foreign influences2. restore parliamentary government3. improve access to civil service

examinations4. outlaw caste systems

Ho Chi Minh -Communist (Nationalist) dictator in North Vietnam-After the US leave Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh will take over the entire country

1. The political ideas of Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of

1. Confucius (K'ung-fu-tzu)2. Mohandas Gandhi3. Desmond Tutu4. Karl Marx

2. One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Kwame Nkrumah, and Ho Chi Minh are similar is that each leader

1. opposed the role of the Roman Catholic Church in politics

2. established the first democratic government in his country

3. fought to free his country from European control

4. embraced the principles of civil disobedience

Deng Xiaoping -Communist leader of China who introduced some elements of capitalism into the economic system in China

1. Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms in China differed from the previous economic policies of Mao Zedong in that Deng’s reforms

1. discouraged private ownership of businesses

2. promote further collectivization

3. include elements of capitalism

4. decrease trade with the United States

2. Which action was taken by Deng Xiaoping to improve the economy of China?

1. discouraging foreign investment

2. encouraging some capitalist practices

3. organizing the Red Guard

4. practicing glasnost

Mao Zedong -Communist leader of China who created the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution

1. The difficult, year-long journey made by Mao Zedong and his Communist followers in 1934 through China’s mountains, marshes, and rivers was called the

1. Cultural Revolution2. Great Leap Forward3. Boxer Rebellion4. Long March

2. In China, the terms Long March, Little Red Book, and Great Leap Forward are most closely associated with the

1. economic policies of the Kuomintang2. expulsion of foreigners during the Boxer

Rebellion3. foreign policy under Deng Xiaoping4. leadership of Mao Zedong

3. During its climb to power in the 1930s and 1940s, the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong developed a strategy that focused on

1. taking over cities

2. building peasant support

3. sponsoring nonviolent protests

4. strengthening traditional Confucian values

Apartheid -segregation of the black majority from the white majority in South Africa

1. F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela received the Nobel Peace Prize for their work to end the

1. foreign control of the diamond mines2. discriminatory policy of apartheid3. anarchy in Somalia4. Boer War

2. Which situation existed under the policy of apartheid in South Africa?

1. All people were guaranteed suffrage.2. The black majority held the most political

power.3. Society was controlled by the white

minority.4. Social inequality was eliminated.

3. The South African government’s policy of racial separation between 1948 and 1994 was called

1. Pan-Africanism2. democratization3. apartheid4. suffrage

Jomo Kenyatta -Nationalist leader in Kenya who helped lead them to independence

1. Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta were leaders of movements that were attempting to achieve

1. nuclear disarmament2. self-determination3. pan-Africanism4. collective security

2. One way in which Simón Bolívar, Jomo Kenyatta, and Mohandas Gandhi are similar is that each

1. led a nationalist movement2. used nonviolent tactics3. supported imperialism4. opposed communism

3. Jomo Kenyatta and Kwame Nkrumah were African leaders opposed to

1. militarism2. socialism3. nationalism4. colonialism

Nelson Mandela -Nationalist leader in South Africa that helped to end apartheid in South Africa

1. The organization of campaigns in South Africa against the policy of racial separation and segregation are most closely associated with

1. Jomo Kenyatta2. Cecil Rhodes3. Nelson Mandela4. Kwame Nkrumah

2. Nelson Mandela and Aung San Suu Kyi are closely associated with movements to

1. establish theocratic rule2. guarantee rights and liberties3. introduce socialistic economic principles4. support military juntas

3. One way in which Aung San Suu Kyi, Lech Walesa, and Nelson Mandela are similar is that they all

1. supported the use of violence to achieve goals

2. inspired revolutions against autocratic monarchs

3. led movements to end oppression of their people

4. based their actions on the teachings of Karl Marx

Kemal Atatürk -Nationalist leader of modern day Turkey who led their independence from the Ottoman Empire

1. One way in which Kemal Ataturk of Turkey and Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran are similar is that both leaders

1. implemented programs to modernize their nations

2. supported increased rights for ethnic minorities

3. adopted policies of nonalignment

4. established theocracies based on Islam

2. The Middle Eastern leaders Kemal Ataturk, David Ben-Gurion, and Yasir Arafat are best known for their support of

1. nationalism

2. fascism

3. colonialism

4. communism

3. One way in which the Middle Eastern leaders Kemal Ataturk, Shah Reza Pahlavi, and Gamal Nasser were similar is that they all

1. tried to achieve Arab unity

2. founded the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

3. attempted to modernize their nations

4. demanded the establishment of Islamic fundamentalism

Green Revolution -increase in technology that contributes to improvements in agriculture

1. The 20th-century term Green Revolution refers to significant advancements made in the field of

1. electronic communication

2. food production3. zero population growth4. biological warfare

2. The term Green Revolution  refers to

1. an overthrow of the government by radical parties

2. increased agricultural production based on technological advancements

3. a drastic change in the environment based on global warming

4. decreased food production caused by terrorism

Irish Potato Famine -causes mass migration 1. What was an immediate result of the mass starvation in Ireland in the late 1840s?

1. expansion of the Green Revolution to Ireland

2. acceptance of British rule by the Irish3. migration of many Irish to other countries4. creation of a mixed economy in Ireland