organic molecules category building blocks of the cell (monomer)
DESCRIPTION
Organic Molecules Carbon = building block of organic molecules 6 protons 6 electrons Carbon = building block of organic molecules Carbon is unique Unstable: 2nd level not full Will bond up to four times 1 1 4 2 2 3TRANSCRIPT
Category Building blocks of the cell (monomer)
Larger units of the cell (polymers)
Carbohydrates monosaccharide (simple sugar)
polysaccharide (complex sugar)
Proteins amino acids polypeptide
Lipids Fatty acids, Glycerol Lipid
Nucleic Acids Nucleotide Nucleic acid
Organic Molecules
Organic Molecules• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full– Will bond up to four times
1
2
3
4
1
2
6 protons6 electrons
Organic Molecules• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full– Will bond up to four times
• Monomer: Small carbon molecules– Ex: Amino acid
• Polymer: chain of linked monomers– Ex: Protein
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
Polymer
Organic Molecules• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full– Will bond up to four times
• Monomer: Small carbon molecules– Ex: Amino acid
• Polymer: chain of linked monomers– Ex: Protein
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Protein
Organic Molecules• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full– Will bond up to four times
• Monomer: Small carbon molecules– Ex: Amino acid
• Polymer: chain of linked monomers– Ex: Protein
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Simple sugar
Complex sugar
Organic Molecules• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full– Will bond up to four times
• Monomer: Small carbon molecules– Ex: Amino acid
• Polymer: chain of linked monomers– Ex: Protein
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
Nucleic acid
Is Carbon stable with 4 electrons in its outer layer?
Is Hydrogen stable with 1 electron in its layer?
So what do atoms do when they are unstable?
Problem: Drawing dot diagrams is time consuming. Try this instead!
1 dash = 2 electrons
C H
H
H
H
C HH
HHC
They bond. This is the molecule methane, CH4.
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
HH
HHC
The Same Thing…
1 dash = 2 electrons
FF
FFC FF
FFC
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
Single bonds
How many electrons?
1 Dash = 2 electrons
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
Single bonds
Very complex
How many electrons?
1 Dash = 2 electrons
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
Double bonds
Single bonds
Very complex
1 Dash = 2 electrons
How many electrons?
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
Double bonds
Triple bonds
Single bonds
Very complex
How many electrons?
1 Dash = 2 electrons
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
Double bonds
Triple bonds
Ring structures
Single bonds
Very complex
How many electrons?
1 Dash = 2 electrons
Carbohydrates• Readily available food source• C1: H2: O1 ratio
– Ex: Glucose = C6 H12 O6
• Monomer: Monosaccharides– Simple sugars– Bond to form complex sugars
• Polymer: Polysaccharide– Complex sugars
Glucose (C6H12O6)
Fructose (C6H12O6)
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
Poly-saccharide
Carbohydrates• Readily available food source• C1: H2: O1 ratio
– Ex: Glucose = C6 H12 O6
• Monomer: Monosaccharides– Simple sugars– Bond to form complex sugars
• Polymer: Polysaccharide– Complex sugars
Monosaccharide 2
HO OH
Monosaccharide 3
HO OHOHHO O
Monosaccharide 1
H2O OH2O
How do the monosaccharides bond together?
Dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide
• Polysaccharides: Long chain of monosaccharides• Ex: Starch: excess plant sugar converted & stored
glucose glucose glucose glucose
glucose
Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide
• Polysaccharides: Long chain of monosaccharides• Ex: Starch: excess plant sugar converted & stored• Ex: Glycogen: animal starch stored in liver & muscles
About 30,000 glucose monomers make up glycogen
Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide
• Polysaccharides: Long chain of monosaccharides• Ex: Starch: excess plant sugar converted & stored• Ex: Glycogen: animal starch stored in liver & muscles• Ex: Cellulose: used in plants to make cell walls
Plasma membraneCell wall
Kobe Kuiz1) How many electrons does Carbon have in the 1st energy
level? 2nd energy level?2) Which type of organic molecule is most commonly used
as energy for cells?3) If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen
and hydrogen atoms will it most likely contain?4) What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?5) What are the polymers of carbohydrates called?6) Which polymer is stored by animals?7) Which polymer is stored by plants?