ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S A R E T H E C O M P O U N D S T H AT C O N TA I N C A R BO N

T H E Y C A N B E F O U N D I N P R O D U C T S M A D E F R O M L I V I N G T H I N G S O R T H I N G S T H AT A R E A RT I F I C I A L LY P R O D U C E D .

T H E Y A R E PA RT T H E S O L I D M ATT E R O F E V E RY O R G A N I S M O N E A RT H.

RAW M AT E R I A L S F O R M O S T M A N U FAC T U R E D O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S C O M E F R O M P E T R O L E U M O R C R U D E O I L .

M A N Y O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S H AV E S I M I L A R P R O P E RT I E S I N T E R M S O F H AV I N G M E LT I N G P O I N T S , BO I L I N G P O I N T S , O D O R , E L E C T R I C A L C O N D U C T I V I T Y , A N D S O LU B I L I T Y.

M A N Y H AV E LO W M E LT I N G A N D LO W BO I L I N G P O I N T S

T H E Y T E N D T O H AV E S T R O N G O D O R S

D O N ’ T C O N D U C T E L E C T R I C C U R R E N T

A N D D O N ’ T D I S S O LV E I N WAT E R.

CARBON COMPOUNDS

BY Lily, Jorge, and Skyler

Carb

on

Ato

ms Carbon atoms act as the

backbone of a skeleton or the molecules of these compounds. Carbon compounds include gases such as, propane; liquids such as, olive oil; and solids such as, cotton. Mixtures of compounds can be found in food, paper, and shampoo.

organic compounds

organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon. the term is used because scientists once thought that organic compounds could only be produced by living things. but, now scientists know that they can also be artificially produced.

many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility.

many organic compounds have low melting points and low boiling points. as a result they have strong odors.

hydrocarbons

the simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons.

a hydrocarbon is a compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon.

Methane, the main gas in natural gas, and it is used to heat homes

Propane

STRUCTURE OF HYDROCARBONS

By: Athena the awesome

Caden the grey

Marleen the sparkles

CARBON CHAINS

A hydrocarbon may be straight,

branched or ring shaped

They can be straight or branched

STRUCTURE FORMULA

A structure formula shows

the kind, number and

arrangement of atoms in a

molecule.

METHANE CH4

ETHANE C2H6

PROPANE C3H8

Isomer

Compound that have the same chemical formula but different structural

formulas.

Butane and Isobutane

Carbon can form a single or double bond with

oxygen Structural formulas represent a double bond

with a double dash between two elements A triple bond is indicated by a triple dash

Double and Triple bonds

Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbonsBy Andrew MartinPenny KibbeJaquie Macias

Contents Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Saturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ConclusionS

Saturated Hydrocarbons Saturated Hydrocarbons are

hydrocarbons (molecules with only Hydrogen and Carbon Atoms) in which all bonds are single bonds

It has the maximum number of atoms in the valence field

All saturated hydrocarbons end in the suffixes –ane

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons in which at least one or

more bonds are double or triple All unsaturated hydrocarbons end in the

suffix –ene or –yne.

Simplest unsaturated Hydrocarbon and Function The simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon

with one double bond is ethene (C2H4) Fruits produce ethene gas because it

helps the fruit ripen. The simplest hydrocarbon with one

triple bond is ethyne (C2H2), also known as acetylene.

Acetylene torches are used for welding.

Conclusion Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Saturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Conclusion

Substituted Hydrocarbons

And compounds containing halogens

• Hydrocarbons contain only one carbon and one hydrogen

• Carbon can form stable bonds with several other elements

• Substituted hydrocarbon- atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

• Hydrocarbons include- halogen-containing compounds, alcohols, and organic acids

• One or more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms• Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and

iodine• Freon is used as a cooling liquid in refrigerators and air

conditioners

Chapter 8 Stuff

By: Pierson, Caius, Joe

Substituted Hydrocarbons

• Substituted Hydrocarbons are where atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

• If you change on hydrocarbon it becomes a completely different compound.

• The carbon can bond with many other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens

Compounds Containing Halogens

• In some substituted hydrocarbons one or more halogens replace hydrogen atoms.

• Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

• Freon is used as a as a cooling agent in refrigerators.

Alcohols

• An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups.

• They have high boiling points and dissolve well in water

• When a hydroxyl group is substituted for one hydrogen atom in ethane, the result is ethanol.

• Ethanol is produced naturally by the action of yeast or bacteria on the sugar stored in corn.

Organic Acids

• An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups.

• A carboxyl group is written as –COOH• You can find organic acids in many foods

Esters

• An ester is a compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid.

• Many esters smell like fruit• Esters are responsible for the smell of many

fruits• Some esters are used in medicines like aspirin

By: Jack, Ruysch, and Max

*Esters & Polymers

*Chapter 8 Section 2

*In chapter 8, our science textbook explains carbon compounds. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon within them. It also talks about hydrocarbon, isomers, the carboxyl group, monomers, and so on.

*Esters

*An ester is a compound made by chemically combining alcohol and an organic acid.

*Polymers

*Very large molecules made of a chain of smaller molecules bonded together is a polymer. The prefix poly means “many” and mono means “one”.

*Other Polymers

*Some polymers are made by many living things. Examples are sheep growing wool and cotton fibers from cotton seeds. Synthetic polymers are made in factories. Nylon or polyesters are synthetic polymers.