organic compounds functional groups carbslipidsproteins 10 20 30 40 50
TRANSCRIPT
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Biochemistry
Chapter 3 Test Review
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Organic Compounds
Functional Groups Carbs Lipids Proteins
10 10 10 10 10
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
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Question 1 - 10
• These are made primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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Answer 1 – 10
• Organic compounds
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Question 1 - 20
• In a molecule, energy is stored in these.
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Answer 1 – 20
• Chemical bonds
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Question 1 - 30
• Adenosine triphosphate loses this when a bond is broken and energy is used.
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Answer 1 – 30
• Phosphate
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Question 1 - 40
• Plants store long term energy in the form of starch while animals store long term energy in the form of this.
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Answer 1 – 40
• glycogen
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Question 1 - 50
• The three monosaccharides in the picture below are referred to as this.
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Answer 1 – 50
• isomers
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Question 2 - 10
• The functional group highlighted below is called this.
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Answer 2 – 10
• Hydroxyl group
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Question 2 - 20
• The functional group highlighted below is called this.
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Answer 2 – 20
• Carboxyl group
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Question 2 - 30
• The functional group highlighted below is called this.
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Answer 2 – 30
• Amino group
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Question 2 - 40
• The functional group highlighted below is called this.
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Answer 2 – 40
• Phosphate group
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Question 2 - 50
• This group (pictured below) differentiates between the 20 amino acids and gives each of them distinct properties.
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Answer 2 – 50
• The R group
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Question 3 - 10
• Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are composed in carbohydrates in this ratio.
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Answer 3 – 10
• 1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen• 1:2:1
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Question 3 - 20
• The two molecules pictured below are the smaller, simpler molecules that build carbohydrate polymers.
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Answer 3 – 20
• Monosaccharides (monomers)
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Question 3 - 30
• A complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides is called this.
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Answer 3 – 30
• Polysaccharide
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Question 3 - 40
• The main source of energy for cells is this monosaccharide.
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Answer 3 – 40
• glucose
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Question 3 - 50
• Plants produce this structural carbohydrate to increase strength and rigidity.
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Answer 3 – 50
• cellulose
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Question 4 - 10
• Fats, phospholipids, and waxes are examples of these.
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Answer 4 – 10
• lipids
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Question 4 - 20
• Unbranched (straight) carbon chains that make up most lipids are called this.
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Answer 4 – 20
• Fatty acids
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Question 4 - 30
• The carboxyl end of a fatty acid is polar which gives it this property.
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Answer 4 – 30
• Hydrophilic (water loving) attracted to water molecules
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Question 4 - 40
• The hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid is nonpolar which gives it this property.
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Answer 4 – 40
• Hydrophobic (does not interact with water molecules)
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Question 4 - 50
• The structural difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat is that saturated fats have these type of bonds while unsaturated fats have these type of bond.
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Answer 4 – 50
• Saturated = single bonds• Unsaturated = double bonds
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Question 5 - 10
• The monomers of proteins are these.
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Answer 5 – 10
• Amino acids
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Question 5 - 20
• The structure and function of a protein (how it is shaped and what it does) are determined by this.
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Answer 5 – 20
• Sequence of amino acids
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Question 5 - 30
• This is a covalent bond that binds amino acids together.
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Answer 5 – 30
• Peptide bond
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Question 5 - 40
• These are special kinds of proteins that bind to substrates at an active site.
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Answer 5 – 40
• enzymes
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Question 5 - 50
• Amino acids are monomers that are linked together to form proteins through this kind of chemical reaction.
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Answer 5 – 50
• Condensation reaction