other organic compounds - compounds made by replacing a h with a functional group
TRANSCRIPT
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Other Organic Compounds -Compounds made by replacing a H with a functional group.
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Table R
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Other Organic Compounds to Know
1. Alcohols – OH replaces an a H (ROH)
• R group = CH3, C2H5 etc
• Which compound is an alcohol ?
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How Do You Name Alcohols ?• Count the carbons and write the alkane name it would be
, drop the e and add ol• Name the following:
• Ethane • Ethanol• Name the following: Propanol
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Types of Alcohols• Monohydroxy – contains one OH• Dihydroxy – contains two OH’s• Trihydroxy – contains three OH’s
What type are the following ?
DihydroxyDihydroxy
Trihydroxy
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Aim: What happens when you do not have all carbons
and hydrogen's?Do Now: what is the
molecular formula and can you name this compound?Homework: Text Book Pg
653 1-5
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How Do You Name Di And Tri Hydroxy Alcohols ?
• Count the Carbons , write the alkane name, drop the e and add diol or triol
Butandiol Propantriol
(Glycerol)
Name the following:Name the following:
Ethandiol
(Ethylene Glycol)
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How Do You Name Alcohols ?
• Special Note: If the OH is not on an end carbon, you must write the number of the carbons its on in front of the name
2-Propanol
2-Butanol
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2. Organic Acids –(Contain a COOH in place of an H)
• To name acids: Count all the carbons to get the base alkane, drop the e and add oic
• Name the following:
Propanoic Acid
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Try the Following
Butanoic Acid
Methanoic Acid
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3. Aldehydes 4. Ketones
Aldehyde Ketone
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How do you name Aldehydes and Ketones?
• 1. Decide if its an Aldehyde or Ketone
• 2. Count all the carbons and write the base Alkane name, drop the e and add “one” or ”al”
Propanone
Ketone
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Name the following:
Propanal
Butanone
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5. Esters – compounds that smell like fruit, come from a reaction between an alcohol and an acid.
General Formula - RCOOR
Example- CH3COOC2H5
(Aunt Ester is a COOC)
Naming Esters:Name the group on the end (methyl , ethyl etc.) and then
the front alkane group drop the e and add oate
Make sure you count all the carbons in the front group
Name the following: CH3COOC2H5
Ethyl ethanoate
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Try the following
• C3H7COOCH3
Methyl Butanoate
• C2H5COOC2H5
Ethyl Propanoate
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6. Ethers – a bad smelling compound, used to put people to sleep.
General formula: ROR`
Example:
How do you name ethers ?
Name the groups on each end and add ether. If the same group appears twice use di in front of the name
Dimethyl ether
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Try the Following
diethyl ether
methyl ethyl ether
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Other Organic Compounds
7. Amine- looks like NH3 except R groups have replaced an H . To name go to Table R name the alkane attached,drop the e and then add amine.
General formula: Example: R H
R-N-R CH3NH =
8. Amide- To name go to Table R name the alkane attached drop the e and then add amide
O R O
- C- NH CH3CH2CH2 C – NH2
methanamine
Butanamide
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Practice Questions• Special Note: Before drawing or naming compounds use
Table R to decide the type of compound• Draw Dimethyl Ether
CH3OCH3
• Draw Butanoic Acid
CH3CH2CH2COOH
• Draw 2- Propanol
CH3CHOHCH3
Name each compound in the following reaction.
CH3OH+ C2H5COOH HOH + C2H5COOCH3
Methanol Propanoic Acid Water Methyl Propanoate
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Name the following compounds
• Special Note: Use Table R and identify the class first
Ethanol
Methanal
Propanone
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Name the following compounds
Ethanoic Acid
Dimethyl Ether
C3H7COOCH3Methyl butanoate