Organic Compounds(Chapter 14)

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Student Learning Objectives

• Identify substances which contain organic compounds

• Discuss the importance of structure

What is organic chemistry?

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.

Carbon has a unique ability to bond with itself in complex covalent bonds.

A single molecular formula may have several structures.

90% of compounds

In what substances are hydrocarbons found?

All hydrocarbons contain hydrogen and carbon.

1. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the Benzene Ring (C6H6)

Benzene Symbol

Benzene Hydrocarbons

Aromatics have a strong aroma. (benzene substances)

Benzene is a carcinogen.

GasolineAdhesivesPerfumes

Paint StripperTobacco

Household Cleaners

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

2. Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain no Benzene Ring

PropaneEthaneMethane

Alcane hydrocarbons have only single bonds.

All Alcanes follow the same formula.

Cyclo-Pentane CnH2n+2

Practice

What kinds of substances contain alkane hydrocarbons?

a. Perfumes b. Fuels c. Food

Alcane hydrocarbons have structural isomers.

Same molecular formula Different physical and chemical properties

n-hydrocarbons iso-hydrocarbons neo-hydrocarbons

Which Fuel?

Octane ratings are based on the abundances of the different structural isomers of Pentane.

neo-pentane highest octane rating

iso-pentanen-pentane lowest octane rating

Alkyl Hydrocarbons

3. Alkyl hydrocarbons are Alkanes with 1 hydrogen (H) replaced by hydroxide (OH)

Alcohol Isomers

Organic molecules have a base unit called a functional group.

BenzylAmine

Alkene

Ketone

Carbonyl Alkyl

http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/chemistry/organicchemistry1/section5.php

Why are plastics and proteins difficult to break down?

Polymers are very long molecules made up of repeating monomers. (chains of monomers)

Plastics are Polymers

Naturally Occurring

Human Produced

DNA CarpetProteins Plastics

Complex Carbohydrates Chewing Gum

Polystyrene

many

styrene polystyrene

polymerization

What are carbohydrates?

A carbohydrate contains carbon and water.

Carbohydrates are divided into 3 classes.

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/carbohydrates.htm

Glucose C6(H2O)6 MonosaccharideFructose C6(H2O)6 MonosaccharideSucrose C12(H2O)11 Disaccharide

Cellulose (Starch) (C6H10O5)n Polysaccharides